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SIPOC

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Process improvement

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Inprocess improvement,SIPOC orsuppliers, inputs, process, outputs and customers (sometimes in the reversed order:COPIS) is a tool that summarizes the inputs and outputs of one or morebusiness processes intable form, with each of the words forming a column in the table used in the analysis.^[1]^[2] It is used to define a business process from beginning to end before work on process improvement begins.^{[citation needed]}

History

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It was in use at least as early as thetotal quality management programs of the late 1980s^[a] and continues to be used today inSix Sigma,lean manufacturing, andbusiness process management.

COPIS variant

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To emphasize putting the needs of the customer foremost, the tool is sometimes called COPIS and the process information is filled out in reverse order by starting with the customer and working upstream to the supplier.

Use

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The SIPOC is often presented at the outset of process improvement efforts such askaizen events or during the "define" phase of theDMAIC process.^[3]^[4] It has three typical uses depending on the audience:

To give people who are unfamiliar with a process a high-level overview
To reacquaint people whose familiarity with a process has faded or become out-of-date due to process changes
To help people in defining a new process

Aspects

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Several aspects of the SIPOC that may not be readily apparent are:

Suppliers and customers may be internal or external to the organization that performs the process.
Inputs and outputs may be materials, services, or information.
The focus is on capturing the set of inputs and outputs rather than the individual steps in the process.^[b]

Mapping

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To create a SIPOC diagram, one must first map the overall process in a few steps. Then one must identify process outputs, who will receive them, and what the necessary inputs and suppliers are for each process. The final step is to share the diagram with the stakeholders to evaluate and verify the results.^[5]

Example

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**Example SIPOC: Automobile repair**
Supplier	Input	Process	Output	Customer
Vehicle owner Customer service representative Facility manager Parts window	Repair inquiry Vehicle for repair Permission to proceed with individual recommendations Open bay Parts for approved repairs Observations	Schedule visit Diagnose problem Prepare work order Source parts Perform repairs Notify that service is complete	Appointment date and time Repair recommendations and cost estimates Work order Parts for approved repairs Repaired vehicle Telephone/e-mail/text message notification	Vehicle owner Mechanic Customer service representative

Notes

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^ The SIPOC is a simplification of a tool that author and quality guru, Philip Crosby called a Process Model. The Process Model had additional parts, but the center of the process model was in fact a SIPOC. For example, compare the steps in preparing a SIPOC with the "Xerox Quality Improvement Process" presented inKearns, David T.;Nadler, David A. (1992). "Appendix 7".Prophets in the Dark: How Xerox Reinvented Itself and Beat Back the Japanese.New York:HarperCollins. p. 318.ISBN 9780887305641.OCLC 25283632.
^The capture of individual process steps in detail is the focus ofbusiness process mapping.

References

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^Simon, Kerri (26 February 2010)."SIPOC Diagram".Ridgefield, Connecticut: iSixSigma. Retrieved2012-07-03.
^"SIPOC (Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers) Diagram".Milwaukee, Wisconsin:American Society for Quality. Archived from the original on March 27, 2017. Retrieved2020-01-29.
^Saxena, Sanjaya Kumar (June 2007)."SIPOC".Noida, India. Retrieved2012-07-03.
^Simon, Kerri (26 February 2010)."SIPOC DIAGRAM". Retrieved2020-03-07.
^Simon, Kerri (26 February 2010)."SIPOC Diagram".Ridgefield, Connecticut: iSixSigma. Retrieved2019-09-21.

External links

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SIPOC Methodology

v t e Six Sigma tools
Define phase	Project charter Voice of the customer Value-stream mapping SIPOC
Measure phase	Business process mapping Process capability Pareto chart
Analyse phase	Root cause analysis Failure mode and effects analysis Multi-vari chart
Improve phase	Design of experiments Kaizen
Control phase	Control plan Statistical process control 5S Poka-yoke
DMAIC