São Caetano do Sul | |
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| Município de São Caetano do Sul Municipality of São Caetano do Sul | |
 Downtown São Caetano do Sul | |
 Flag  Seal | |
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  São Caetano do Sul Location in Brazil | |
| Coordinates:23°37′23″S46°33′4″W / 23.62306°S 46.55111°W /-23.62306; -46.55111 | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Region | Southeast Brazil |
| State |  São Paulo |
| Established | 28 July 1877 |
| Named after | Saint Cajetan |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Anacleto Campanella Jr |
| Area | |
• Total | 15.33 km2 (5.92 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 744 m (2,441 ft) |
| Population (2020[1]) | |
• Total | 161,957 |
| • Density | 10,560/km2 (27,360/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-3 (BRT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-2 (BRST) |
| HDI (2010) | 0.862[2] –very high[3] |
| Website | São Caetano do Sul |
São Caetano do Sul (Brazilian Portuguese:[sɐ̃wkajˈtɐnuduˈsuw]; "Saint Cajetan of the South"), or simplySão Caetano, is a city inSão Paulo state inBrazil. It is part of theMetropolitan Region of São Paulo.[4] The population is 161,957 (2020 est.) in an area of 15.33 km2.[5] It is the city with the highest per capita income in Brazil (US$31,322.00 in 2010)
It is intensely conurbated withSão Paulo,Santo André andSão Bernardo do Campo, causing the physical limits between cities to be lost. São Caetano do Sul, together with Ferraz de Vasconcelos, is one of two cities in the state of São Paulo that are not crossed by any state or federal highway.
Empire of Brazil 1877–1889
The region in which the municipality of São Caetano do Sul is today is occupied since the 16th century when it was known as Tijucuçu. It was an area of estates of residents of the former settlement, later villa (1553), ofSanto André da Borda do Campo, extinguished by order of the governor-generalMem de Sá.
In the seventeenth century a group ofBenedictine monks formed in the region, donated by a farmer, the Monastery of Saint Benedict and the Tijucuçu Farm, used by the monks to raise cattle. In 1717, the monks began to erect the chapel dedicated toSaint Cajetan di Thiène (In Portuguese,São Caetano), the patron saint of bread and work, in the place where the Old Matrix of St. Caetano is today. They passed the farm to be called Farm of São Caetano do Tijucuçu, then São Caetano Farm. Around the farm was developed the district of São Caetano, in the same territory of the city ofSão Paulo. It was first enumerated in 1765, when the Morgado de Mateus determined that a census of the population of the Captaincy of São Paulo was made. Its inhabitants were farmers and tropeiros and they received the sacraments in the Chapel of São Caetano.
In 1871, on the day after theFree Womb Law, theOrder of Saint Benedict decided, in its General Chapter ofBahia, to free all of its slaves, in Brazil, more than four thousand, without any compensation. Deprived of labor, Farm São Caetano was expropriated by theImperial Government to install the Colonial Nucleus of São Caetano on 28 July 1877. The lands of the farm were divided into lots and sold to Italian settlers between 1877 and 1892, when the last family of immigrants entered the Nucleus. The first group of families settled in the nucleus had embarked in the port ofGenoa and arrived in Brazil on the Italian ship Europa. All the families were from the commune of Cappella Maggiore and its surroundings, in the province of Treviso, in the region of Veneto, northern Italy.
In 1883 theSão Paulo Railway inaugurated the station of São Caetano and in 1889 the government of the province reformed theWay of the Sea and theOld Way of Santo André da Borda do Campo, that from 16th century crossed the region, the tributary of the railway.
Shortly before theRepublican coup d'état was created the municipality of São Bernardo, dismembered of the one of São Paulo, and the greater part of the Colonial Nucleus and of the old district of São Caetano was attached to it.
In 1905, São Caetano was elevated to Fiscal District. In 1924 the village became a districty.
_1950%2c_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP.jpg)
In 1947, in a movement led by theJornal de São Caetano, a list of 5,197 signatures was made and sent to the State Legislative Assembly, requesting a plebiscite. The popular consultation was held on 24 October 1948; 8,463 people voted in favor of autonomy, and 1,020 voted against. On 24 December 1948, the governor of the state of São Paulo, Ademar de Barros, ratified the decision and created the "municipality of São Caetano do Sul", through State Law n. 233, dated 12/24/1948, adding the qualifier of the South, to distinguish it from Pernambuco's homonym. On 30 December 1953, the County of São Caetano do Sul was created.[6]
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São Caetano do Sul is located on aplateau that is part of theSerra do Mar (Portuguese for "Sea Range"), part of the vast region known as theBrazilian Highlands, with an average elevation of around 800 meters (2,600 ft) above sea level – though at a distance of only about 70 kilometers (43 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean. Neighbouring municipalities areSanto André (East and South),São Bernardo do Campo (West) andSão Paulo (North).
São Caetano do Sul presents the best social indicators of the whole country, a city considered exemplary in several aspects of the so-called HDI (Human Development Index) of theUN, ranking first in the list of Brazilian municipalities by HDI. Although there are nofavelas, the municipality, even with all the development achieved, still has part of its population living precariously, in slums scattered throughout the city.
The literacy rate is high: 99.6%.
Main nationalities of origin of immigrants living in São Caetano: Italian, Spanish, Arabic, African, Japanese, Portuguese, German, Ukrainian, Lithuanian and Hungarian.
According to theKöppen climate classification São Caetano do Sul has ahumid subtropical climate. Little hot and rainy summer. Winter mild and subservient. The average annual temperature is around 18 °C, the coldest month in July (average of 15 °C) and the warmest in February (average of 21 °C). The annual rainfall index is around 1 360 mm.
| Climate data for São Caetano do Sul | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.7 (78.3) | 24.9 (76.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 21.3 (70.3) | 20.4 (68.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.9 (69.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.6 (72.7) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.9 (73.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) | 16.8 (62.2) | 16.0 (60.8) | 14.0 (57.2) | 11.6 (52.9) | 10.1 (50.2) | 9.5 (49.1) | 10.4 (50.7) | 11.8 (53.2) | 13.3 (55.9) | 14.7 (58.5) | 15.7 (60.3) | 13.4 (56.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 223 (8.8) | 213 (8.4) | 168 (6.6) | 74 (2.9) | 53 (2.1) | 46 (1.8) | 35 (1.4) | 40 (1.6) | 71 (2.8) | 127 (5.0) | 121 (4.8) | 187 (7.4) | 1,361 (53.6) |
| Source: Climatempo[7] | |||||||||||||
São Caetano do Sul belongs to the region ofABC Paulista, which was marked by industrial and automobile development. Some examples are the industries located on the border with São Paulo, and theGeneral Motors headquarters in Brazil, on Goiás Avenue, the main financial center of the city. Nowadays, in the avenue, dams and branches of several companies are installed.
People from various regions of the metropolis go to the city on the job, coming mainly from the region of ABC itself and from the districts of the south and east of São Paulo that border the city.
Commerce is also a strong economic target for the city, which houses the headquarters of theCasas Bahia store chain, founded in 1952 by the Jewish immigrant Samuel Klein.
With the real estate growth in the region, a number of developments were created, among them Moov Espaço Cerâmica, which contributed to the generation of jobs in the city's civil construction.[citation needed]
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São Caetano do Sul boasts the highest social indicators anywhere in the country (even if using indexes such as those that compute the HDI formula). Illiteracy rates are very low and most people enjoy a safe city with well-maintained infrastructure. São Caetano has nofavelas, with the closest one borderingHeliópolis, São Paulo's largest favela, next to a largePetrobras oil distribution andstorage facility in nearbyIpiranga. Such border areas between São Caetano and adjacent citiesSão Bernardo do Campo andSanto André are prone to flooding which happens often, especially in the more impoverished areas bordering the city of São Paulo, where the Meninos creek (atributary of the heavily pollutedTamanduateí river) is often littered with construction debris and garbage, exacerbating the flooding effect in the rainy season (Oct–Feb).
The city is served by a comprehensive network of bus routes that also connects São Caetano to its neighboring towns. There is also one commuter train line (operated byCPTM) that connects the city to São Paulo and its neighbors to the south, Santo André and Mauá.
Immigrants from many nationalities have settled in São Caetano but the most significant groups are those ofItalian,Spanish,Portuguese,German andJapanese ancestry. In the 1950s, nationals from rural Northeastern Brazil started arriving as the region experienced a rapid industrialization boom.
The city is served by three institutions of higher education: TheUniversidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, first known as Municipal College of Economics, Politics, and Social Sciences, founded in 1968 is the oldest. It became a full university in 2007. The other oneInstituto Mauá de Tecnologia, which is a private, non-profit organization with headquarters located in São Paulo (city) with a campus on São Caetano do Sul. Also, founded in 2007 theFaculdade de Tecnologia de São Caetano do Sul (FATEC-SCS) which offers the technology degree courses as System Analysis and Development, Digital Games, Information Security, International Trade and Business Management.[citation needed]
In telecommunications, the city was served byCompanhia Telefônica da Borda do Campo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted theVivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).[8]
São Caetano do Sul travel guide from Wikivoyage| International | |
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