The city was founded byJoão Ramalho in 1553 and was known as Vila deSanto André da Borda do Campo de Piratininga, soon transferred to another nearby place, safer from hostile tribes. It is, however, historically perceived as the first Brazilian settlement built away from the sea. The original settlement was then resettled as São Bernardo, became a parish in 1812 and a municipality in 1890. In 1938, it became a part of theSanto André district only to be separated again in 1945, as the aftermath of an action from a group of entrepreneurs led byWallace Cochrane Simonsen, who was eventually appointed as the first mayor of the newborn municipality.[7][8]
Map of the state of São Paulo (1944).
The area where São Bernardo do Campo,Santo André,São Caetano do Sul, andDiadema are located was once a farm owned by Benedictine monks, who owned enslaved Africans. By the second half of the 19th century, European immigrants started to come to the area, mainly from Italy. Italians settled in cottages in the rural area of São Bernardo do Campo that were called colônias. By the beginning of the 20th century, Japanese immigrants arrived, most of them going to the neighborhood called Cooperativa.
Industry, particularly metal works, thrived in the city during the 1960s, when São Bernardo do Campo became known as Brazil's Automobile Capital (Portuguese:a Capital do Automóvel). Many of these plants have since relocated to other regions but the automobile industry remains a vital part of the history of São Bernardo do Campo. The city is also known for its furniture industry developed by Italian immigrants, who helped São Bernardo do Campo become a high-tech industrial hub.
Industrialization also attracted migrants from the Brazilian Northeastern region in the 1960s. Among them was the family ofLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who grew up in the region. The future president of Brazil worked in automobile factories in São Bernardo do Campo in the 1970s, becoming a union and anti-military dictatorship figure.
São Bernardo also contributed to the development of Brazilian cinema, mainly during the 1950s and 1960s, thanks to theVera Cruz studios, which produced a great number of movies and introduced many notable actors. This is also the birthplace of the football playerAnderson Luís de Souza, better known as Deco.
São Bernardo do Campo is located in the top of theSerra do Mar, on the Atlantic plateau. It occupies an area of 407.1 square kilometre. The altitude varies from a low of 60 meters above sea level at the foot of the mountain range where Rio Passareúva with the Rio Pilões rivers meet, to 986.5 meters at the peak of the Bonilha, in the Montanhão neighborhood.
According to theKöppen climate classification São Bernardo do Campo has ahumid subtropical climate. On average the maximum temperature is 24 °C (75 °F), with an average low of 14.8 °C (58.6 °F), an average of 19.09 °C (66.36 °F). In 2010 the summer temperatures reached 34 to 35 °C (93 to 95 °F) in January–February. In summer, normally only for a few days, heavy storms occur, reaching 110 mm (4 in) of precipitation. Winter is the coldest of the ABC region. In July and August the temperature can reach 8 °C (46 °F) or less, but towards the end of winter the heat returns with temperatures reaching 23 to 27 °C (73 to 81 °F). The summer of 2012 was not as hot as the previous 5 years. Also the average temperature has decreased over the years to 27.2 °C (81.0 °F) in 2011 and 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in 2012.
Climate data for São Bernardo Do Campo, Brazil (1988–2008)
As of the census of 2006, the population was 803,906, making it the second most populous suburb of São Paulo, and fourth most populous city in the state. The population density was 1,937.02/km2.
The real estate is one of the fastest growing in the city.
São Bernardo do Campo, from the 1950s had its economy based on theauto industry. At that time, the Brazilian Federal Government headed byJuscelino Kubitschek decided to create an executive board to promote local carmaking – theGrupo Executivo da Indústria Automobilística (GEIA) (Executive Group for Automobile Industry). Providing, among other regulations, a minimum amount of national components to integrate the vehicles, it stimulated the implantation of carmakers and auto parts industries.[11]
In 1967, Willys-Overland was bought byFord Motor Co. In that same year, the French carmakerSimca became aChrysler plant, ending its operations in 1981 when it was acquired from Volkswagen to be their truck division. This plant has been shut down definitely in 1990[12] and gave place in 2006 to a warehouse from one of the biggest retail stores in Brazil,Casas Bahia.
Together with those first automakers in Brazil, other factories established themselves in the city, e.g. paint industries asBASF, which produces Suvinil brand paintings, and auto parts industries that support them, as well the largest industrial plant in the world ofColgate-Palmolivetoothpaste.
In the 1990s, the economy of the region had a wide variation, which increased the importance of the service sector in the city. The trade is diverse and found in every neighborhood, especially the traditional trade Marshal Deodoro Street and environs, and the nationally known Center Furniture at Jurubatuba street, which gives São Bernardo do Campo the name ofFurniture Capital. The construction and urban reform was boosted in 2008 with the construction of the southern section of theRodoanel Mário Covas beltway, a ring road in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Avenida Pery Ronchetti with duplication and channeling Saracantan stream, plus the construction of many buildings, mostly residential, with reforms of the Metropolis Mall and the Golden Shopping Mall.
As of 2014[update], São Bernardo do Campo exports $3.59B (USD) worth of goods and represents 1.48% of Brazil's total exports. Transportation manufacturing and machine manufacturing make up the majority (84%) of the municipality's exports. The top five material goods exported by São Bernardo do Campo are Delivery Trucks (14%),Tractors (14%),Vehicle Chassis (13%), Cars (13%), and Vehicle Parts (12%).[13]
Via Anchieta (SP-150): state toll road operated byEcovias dos Imigrantes company, links the city ofSão Paulo toPort of Santos and neighboring towns. Established in 1949, it is an important traffic route for trucks carrying goods to be exported from Santos. As Via Anchieta has many exits throughout the city, they become important traffic routes to allow people's displacement inside São Bernardo do Campo. Due to its strategical placement, many large factories are based at the edges of the road, for exampleVolkswagen andMercedes-Benz plants.
Rodovia dos Imigrantes (SP-160): state toll highway operated byEcovias dos Imigrantes company, links the city of São Paulo to the southern shore ofState of São Paulo, speciallySão Vicente andPraia Grande municipalities. It started its operations in 1976 as a one-way highway (switched from uphill to downhill direction depending on the traffic intensity) and gained its definitely downhill path in 2002.
Perito Criminal Eng. Antonio Carlos Moraes/Interligação do Planalto (SP-041): short state road designed to link Via Anchieta and Rodovia dos Imigrantes roads, allowing vehicles to change from one to the other in case of special operations, traffic constraints or weather difficulties. Those three roads, among with some other ones in the shore, compose theSistema Anchieta-Imigrantes, fully operated by Ecovias dos Imigrantes.
Public transportation in São Bernardo do Campo is provided by ETCSBC (Empresa de Transporte Coletivo de São Bernardo do Campo) and EMTU (Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos, "Metropolitan Urban Transport Company").
SBC is also known because of the number of small Newspapers that the city has, for example: Jornal da Balsa, Jornal Hoje, Tribuna do ABCD, and more.
There is theDiário do Grande ABC a daily news about all region, the paper is located inSanto André, but it is distributed in all ABC and some parts of São Paulo.
In telecommunications, the city was served byCompanhia Telefônica da Borda do Campo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted theVivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).[18]
São Bernardo also have anAmerican football team, the São Bernardo Avengers. The team have won SPFL (São Paulo Football League) Golden Series in 2022, and now compete in SPFL Diamond Series. The team also competes in the National Football Championship.
^Quatro Rodas Magazine, ed. 556, September 2006, p.160-165
^"Archived copy".www.vwcaminhoes.com.br. Archived fromthe original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved17 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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