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S'gaw Karen alphabet

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Writing system
S'gaw Karen
ကညီလံာ်ခီၣ်ထံး
Script type
Period
1830–present
LanguagesS'gaw Karen languageksw
Related scripts
Parent systems
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Mymr(350), ​Myanmar (Burmese)
Unicode
Unicode alias
Myanmar
 This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
This article containsKaren script. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofKaren script.
Brahmic scripts
TheBrahmi script and its descendants

TheS'gaw Karen alphabet (S'gaw Karen:ကညီလံာ်ခီၣ်ထံး) is anabugida used for writingS'gaw Karen. It was created in the early 1830s based on theBurmese script, which derives from either theKadamba orPallava alphabet ofSouth India. The S'gaw Karen alphabet is also used for the liturgical languages ofPali andSanskrit.

Alphabet

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The Karen alphabet was created by American missionary Jonathan Wade in the 1830s, based on theS'gaw Karen language; Wade was assisted by a Karen named Paulah.[1] The consonants and most of the vowels are adopted from theBurmese alphabet; however, the Karen pronunciation of the letters is slightly different from that of the Burmese alphabet. Since Karen has more tones than Burmese, additional tonal markers were added.[2]

The script is taught in the refugee camps in Thailand and inKayin State.[3]

Grouped consonants
က
k
IPA:[k]
kh
IPA:[kʰ]
gh
IPA:[ɣ]
x
IPA:[x]
ng
IPA:[ŋ]
s
IPA:[s]
hs
IPA:[sʰ]
sh
IPA:[ʃ]
ny
IPA:[ɲ]
t
IPA:[t]
ht
IPA:[tʰ]
d
IPA:[d]
n
IPA:[n]
p
IPA:[p]
hp
IPA:[pʰ]
b
IPA:[b]
m
IPA:[m]
Miscellaneous consonants
y
IPA:[j]
r
IPA:[r]
l
IPA:[l]
w
IPA:[w]
th
IPA:[θ]
h
IPA:[h]
vowel holder
IPA:[ʔ]
ahh
IPA:[ɦ]
Vowels
ah
IPA:[a]
ee
IPA:[i]
uh
IPA:[ə]
u
IPA:[ɨ~ɯ]
oo
IPA:[u]
ae or ay
IPA:[e]
eh
IPA:[ɛ]
oh
IPA:[o]
aw
IPA:[ɔ]
Tones
ှၢ်
rising
ှာ်
falling
ှး
mid
ှၣ်
high
ှၤ
low
MedialsS'gaw Karen
hg
IPA:[ɣ]
y
IPA:[j]
r
IPA:[r~ɹ]
l
IPA:[l]
w
IPA:[w]

Numerals

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0
wa
IPA:wa
1
IPA:
2
kʰi
IPA:kʰi
3
the
IPA:θə
4
lwi
IPA:lwi
5
IPA:
6
IPA:
7
nwi
IPA:nwi
8
xo
IPA:xo
9
kʰwi
IPA:kʰwi
10
၁၀
təsʰi
IPA:təsʰi

The number 1962 would be written as၁၉၆၂.

References

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Citations

[edit]
  1. ^Lieberman 2003, p. 136.
  2. ^Asher & Simpson 1994, p. 1836.
  3. ^Duran 2017, p. 51.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Asher, R. E.; Simpson, J M. Y. (1994).The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Vol. 4. Elsevier Science & Technology.ISBN 978-0-08035-943-4.
  • Aung-Thwin, Michael (2005).The mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.ISBN 978-0-82482-886-8.
  • Bauer, Christian (1991). "Notes on Mon Epigraphy".Journal of the Siam Society.79 (1): 35.
  • Duran, Chatwara Suwannamai (2017).Language and Literacy in Refugee Families. London: Palgrave Macmillan.ISBN 978-1-13758-756-5.
  • Lieberman, Victor B. (2003).Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
  • Stadtner, Donald M. (2008). "The Mon of Lower Burma".Journal of the Siam Society.96: 198.
  • Sawada, Hideo (2013)."Some Properties of Burmese Script"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2016-10-20. Retrieved2017-04-25.
  • Jenny, Mathias (2015)."Foreign Influence in the Burmese Language"(PDF).
  • Wade, J. (1849).A Vocabulary of the Sgau Karen Language. Tavoy: Karen Mission Press.
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