Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride Identifiers ChEMBL ChemSpider ECHA InfoCard 100.228.922 UNII InChI=1S/6ClH.14H3N.2H2O.3Ru/h6*1H;14*1H3;2*1H2;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+4;2*+5/p-6
Y Key: CIBHIQPXTCXIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-H
Y InChI=1/6ClH.14H3N.2H2O.3Ru/h6*1H;14*1H3;2*1H2;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+4;2*+5/p-6
Key: CIBHIQPXTCXIRW-CYFPFDDLAK
Properties Cl 6 H 42 N 14 O 2 Ru 3 Molar mass −1 Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Chemical compound
The inorganic dyeammoniatedruthenium oxychloride , also known asruthenium red , is used inhistology tostain aldehyde fixed mucopolysaccharides .
Ruthenium red (RR) has also been used as a pharmacological tool to study specific cellular mechanisms. Selectivity is a significant issue in such studies as RR is known to interact with many proteins.[ 1] CatSper1 ,TASK ,RyR1 ,RyR2 ,RyR3 ,TRPM6 ,TRPM8 ,TRPV1 ,TRPV2 ,TRPV3 ,TRPV4 ,TRPV5 ,TRPV6 ,TRPA1 ,mCa1 ,mCa2 ,CALHM1 [ 2] [ 3] TRPP3 ,[ 4] Ca2+ -ATPase ,mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter ,[ 5] tubulin ,myosin light-chain phosphatase , and Ca2+ binding proteins such ascalmodulin . Ruthenium red displays nanomolar potency against several of its binding partners (e.g. TRPV4,ryanodine receptors,...). For example, it is a potent inhibitor of intracellularcalcium release by ryanodine receptors (Kd ~20 nM).[ 6] pepper spray .
RR has been used on plant material since 1890 for stainingpectins ,mucilages , andgums . RR is a stereoselective stain for pectic acid, insofar as the staining site occurs between each monomer unit and the next adjacent neighbor.[ 7]
^ Vincent, F; Duncton, MA (2011). "TRPV4 agonists and antagonists".Curr Top Med Chem .11 (17):2216– 26.doi :10.2174/156802611796904861 .PMID 21671873 . ^ Ma, Z; Siebert, AP; Cheung, KH; Lee, RJ; Johnson, B; Cohen, AS; Vingtdeux, V; Marambaud, P; Foskett, JK (2012)."Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is the pore-forming subunit of an ion channel that mediates extracellular Ca2+ regulation of neuronal excitability" .Proc Natl Acad Sci USA .109 (28): E1963–71.Bibcode :2012PNAS..109E1963M .doi :10.1073/pnas.1204023109 PMC 3396471 PMID 22711817 . ^ Dreses-Werringloer, U; Vingtdeux, V; Zhao, H; Chandakkar, P; Davies, P; Marambaud, P (2013)."CALHM1 controls Ca2+ -dependent MEK/ERK/RSK/MSK signaling in neurons" .J Cell Sci .126 (Pt 5):1199– 206.doi :10.1242/jcs.117135 .PMC 4481642 PMID 23345406 . ^ Decaen, P. G.; Delling, M.; Vien, T. N.; Clapham, D. E. (2013)."Direct recording and molecular identification of the calcium channel of primary cilia" .Nature .504 (7479):315– 318.Bibcode :2013Natur.504..315D .doi :10.1038/nature12832 .PMC 4073646 PMID 24336289 . ^ Hajnóczky, G; Csordás, G; Das, S; Garcia-Perez, C; Saotome, M; Sinha Roy, S; Yi, M (2006)."Mitochondrial calcium signalling and cell death: approaches for assessing the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ .Cell Calcium .40 (5– 6):553– 60.doi :10.1016/j.ceca.2006.08.016 .PMC 2692319 PMID 17074387 . ^ Tripathy, Le Xu Ashutosh; Pasek, Daniel A.; Meissner, Gerhard (1998)."Potential for Pharmacology of Ryanodine Receptor/Calcium Release Channels" .Ann NY Acad Sci .853 (1):130– 148.Bibcode :1998NYASA.853..130T .doi :10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08262.x .PMID 10603942 .S2CID 86436194 . Archived fromthe original . Retrieved2006-10-22 . ^ Mariani Colombo P, Rascio N. "Ruthenium red staining for electron microscopy of plant material".Journal of Ultrastructure Research Volume 60, Issue 2, August 1977, Pages 135–139
TRPA
Activators 4-Hydroxynonenal 4-Oxo-2-nonenal 5,6-EET 12S-HpETE 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2 α-Sanshool (ginger ,Sichuan andmelegueta peppers )Acrolein Allicin (garlic )Allyl isothiocyanate (mustard ,radish ,horseradish ,wasabi )AM404 ASP-7663 Bradykinin Cannabichromene (cannabis )Cannabidiol (cannabis )Cannabigerol (cannabis )Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon )CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO) CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile) Cuminaldehyde (cumin )Curcumin (turmeric )Dehydroligustilide (celery )Diallyl disulfide Dicentrine (Lindera Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid Formalin Gingerols (ginger )Hepoxilin A3 Hepoxilin B3 Hydrogen peroxide Icilin Isothiocyanate JT-010 Ligustilide (celery ,Angelica acutiloba Linalool (Sichuan pepper ,thyme )Methylglyoxal Methyl salicylate (wintergreen )N-Methylmaleimide Nicotine (tobacco )Oleocanthal (olive oil )Paclitaxel (Pacific yew )PF-4840154 Phenacyl chloride Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper )Shogaols (ginger ,Sichuan andmelegueta peppers )Tear gases Tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis )Tetrahydrocannabiorcol Thiopropanal S-oxide (onion )Umbellulone (Umbellularia californica )WIN 55,212-2 Blockers
TRPC
TRPM
TRPML
TRPP
TRPV
Activators 2-APB 5,6-EET 9-HODE 9-oxoODE 12S-HETE 12S-HpETE 13-HODE 13-oxoODE 20-HETE α-Sanshool (ginger ,Sichuan andmelegueta peppers )Allicin (garlic )AM404 Anandamide Bisandrographolide (Andrographis paniculata Camphor (camphor laurel ,rosemary ,camphorweed ,African blue basil ,camphor basil )Cannabidiol (cannabis )Cannabidivarin (cannabis )Capsaicin (chili pepper )Carvacrol (oregano ,thyme ,pepperwort ,wild bergamot , others)DHEA Diacyl glycerol Dihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper )Estradiol Eugenol (basil ,clove )Evodiamine (Euodia ruticarpa Gingerols (ginger )GSK1016790A Heat Hepoxilin A3 Hepoxilin B3 Homocapsaicin (chili pepper )Homodihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper )Incensole (incense )Lysophosphatidic acid LowpH (acidic conditions) Menthol (mint )N-Arachidonoyl dopamine N-Oleoyldopamine N-Oleoylethanolamide Nonivamide (PAVA) (PAVA spray )Nordihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper )Paclitaxel (Pacific yew )Paracetamol (acetaminophen) Phenylacetylrinvanil Phorbol esters (e.g.,4α-PDD )Piperine (black pepper ,long pepper )Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper )Probenecid Protons RhTx Rutamarin (Ruta graveolens Resiniferatoxin (RTX) (Euphorbia resinifera /pooissonii Shogaols (ginger ,Sichuan andmelegueta peppers )Tetrahydrocannabivarin (cannabis )Thymol (thyme ,oregano )Tinyatoxin (Euphorbia resinifera /pooissonii Tramadol Vanillin (vanilla )Zucapsaicin Blockers
