-oxide-unit-cell-3D-vdW.png) | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name Ruthenium(IV) oxide | |
| Other names Ruthenium dioxide | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.660 |
| EC Number |
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| |
| |
| Properties | |
| RuO2 | |
| Molar mass | 133.0688 g/mol |
| Appearance | blue-black solid |
| Density | 6.97 g/cm3 |
| Boiling point | 1,200 °C (2,190 °F; 1,470 K) sublimates |
| insoluble | |
| +162.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Structure | |
| Rutile (tetragonal),tP6 | |
| P42/mnm, No. 136 | |
| Octahedral (RuIV); trigonal planar (O2−) | |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
Otheranions | Ruthenium disulfide |
Othercations | Osmium(IV) oxide |
| Ruthenium tetroxide | |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Ruthenium(IV) oxide (data page) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Ruthenium(IV) oxide is theinorganic compound with the formulaRuO2. This black solid is the most common oxide ofruthenium. It is widely used as anelectrocatalyst for producing chlorine, chlorine oxides, and O2.[1] Like many dioxides, RuO2 adopts therutile structure.[2][3]
It is usually prepared by oxidation ofruthenium trichloride. Nearly stoichiometric single crystals of RuO2 can be obtained bychemical vapor transport, using O2 as the transport agent:[4][5]
Films of RuO2 can be prepared bychemical vapor deposition (CVD) from volatile ruthenium compounds.[6] RuO2 can also be prepared throughelectroplating from a solution of ruthenium trichloride.[7]
Electrostatically stabilized hydrosols of pristine ruthenium dioxide hydrate have been prepared by exploiting the autocatalytic reduction of ruthenium tetroxide in aqueous solution. The resulting particle populations may be controlled to comprise substantially monodisperse, uniform spheres with diameters in the range 40 nm - 160 nm.[8]
Ruthenium(IV) oxide is being used as the main component in the catalyst of the Sumitomo-Deacon process which produceschlorine by the oxidation ofhydrogen chloride.[9][10]
RuO2 can be used as catalyst in many other situations. Noteworthy reactions are theFischer–Tropsch process,Haber–Bosch process, and various manifestations offuel cells.
RuO2 is extensively used for the coating of titanium anodes for the electrolytic production of chlorine and for the preparation ofresistors orintegrated circuits.[11][12] Ruthenium oxide resistors can be used as sensitive thermometers in the temperature range .02 < T < 4 K. It can be also used as active material in supercapacitor because it has very high charge transfer capability. Ruthenium oxide has great capacity to store charge when used in aqueous solutions.[13] Average capacities of ruthenium(IV) oxide have reached 650 F/g when insulfuric acid and annealed at temperatures lower than 200 °C.[14] In attempts to optimise its capacitive properties, prior work has looked at the hydration, crystallinity and particle size of ruthenium oxide.
