Rutecarpine metabolism is complex and proceeds along several routes, primarily involving the addition of a singlehydroxyl group byCYP3A4. Six monohydroxylated and four dihydroxylatedmetabolites have been identified. To a much lesser extent, rutecarpine may be metabolized byCYP2C9 andCYP1A2, according to liver microsome studies.[7]
Rutecarpine has been shown to decrease the overallbioavailability ofcaffeine in rats by up to 80 percent,[8] likely through induction of enzymesCYP1A2 andCYP2E1.[9]
^Moon, T. C.; Murakami, M.; Kudo, I.; Son, K. H.; Kim, H. P.; Kang, S. S.; Chang, H. W. (1999). "A new class of COX-2 inhibitor, rutaecarpine fromEvodia rutaecarpa".Inflammation Research.48 (12):621–625.doi:10.1007/s000110050512.PMID10669112.S2CID19555209.
^Zhang, Fang-Liang; He, Xin; Zhai, Yi-Ran; He, Li-Na; Zhang, Si-Chao; Wang, Li-Li; Yang, Ai-Hong; An, Li-Jun (2 November 2015). "Mechanism-based inhibition of CYPs and RMs-induced hepatoxicity by rutaecarpine".Xenobiotica.45 (11):978–989.doi:10.3109/00498254.2015.1038742.PMID26053557.S2CID6293291.
^Ueng, Yune-Fang; Jan, Woan-Ching; Lin, Lie-Chwen; Chen, Ta-Liang; Guengerich, F. Peter; Chen, Chieh-Fu (1 March 2002). "The Alkaloid Rutaecarpine Is a Selective Inhibitor of Cytochrome P450 1A in Mouse and Human Liver Microsomes".Drug Metabolism and Disposition.30 (3):349–353.doi:10.1124/dmd.30.3.349.PMID11854157.
^Ueng, Yune-Fang; Wang, Jong-Jing; Lin, Lie-Chwen; Park, Sang Shin; Chen, Chieh-Fu (November 2001). "Induction of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase in mouse liver and kidney by rutaecarpine, an alkaloid of the herbal drug Evodia rutaecarpa".Life Sciences.70 (2):207–217.doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01390-X.PMID11787945.
^Noh, Keumhan; Seo, Young Min; Lee, Sang Kyu; Bista, Sudeep R.; Kang, Mi Jeong; Jahng, Yurngdong; Kim, Eunyoung; Kang, Wonku; Jeong, Tae Cheon (January 2011). "Effects of rutaecarpine on the metabolism and urinary excretion of caffeine in rats".Archives of Pharmacal Research.34 (1):119–125.doi:10.1007/s12272-011-0114-3.PMID21468923.S2CID44752343.
