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| Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theRusso-Swedish wars | |||||||||
.jpg) Boris Godunov | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Sweden |  Russia | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| John IIIArvid StålarmPekka Vesainen | Feodor IBoris GodunovBogdan BelskyFyodor MstislavskyPrince TrubetskoyVladimir Dolgorukov (POW) | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown | 25,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
TheRusso-Swedish War of 1590–1595 was instigated byBoris Godunov in the hope of gaining the territory of theDuchy of Estonia along theGulf of Finland belonging toSweden since the previousLivonian War.As soon as theTruce of Plussa expired early in 1590, a large Russian army led by Godunov and his sickly brother-in-law,Feodor I of Russia, marched fromMoscow towardsNovgorod. On 18 January they crossed the riverNarva,defeated a Swedish detachment in acounter battle and laid siege to the Swedish castle ofNarva, commanded byArvid Stålarm. Another important fortress,Jama (Jamburg), fell to Russian forces within two weeks. Simultaneously, the Russians ravagedEstonia as far asReval (Tallinn) andFinland as far asHelsinki.
On 25 February, the local Swedish governor,Karl Henriksson (Horn), was compelled to sign anarmistice, which obliged Sweden to surrender the territories won by theTreaty of Plussa — namely Jama,Koporye, andIvangorod. This peace settlement displeasedJohn III of Sweden, who sent a fleet to take hold of Ivangorod, but this attempt to besiege the fortress was checked by a Russian castellan. Matters then remained quiet until summer 1591, when the Swedes struck againstGdov, capturing a local governor, Prince VladimirDolgorukov.
The other war theatre wasEast Karelia, where the Swedes sackedKola and other Russian settlements bordering theWhite Sea. A raiding party allegedly led by Finnish peasant chiefPekka Vesainen, destroyed thePechenga Monastery on 25 December 1589, killing 50 monks and 65 lay brothers. He then turned his troops toKola Fjord but could not manage to destroy the Kola Fortress due to lack of men. Instead he captured and burnedKandalaksha (Kantalahti) and a small Russian settlement inKem. Again, due to lack of men, he could not capture theSolovetsky Monastery on theSolovetsky Islands.
Godunov's government gradually overcame those setbacks, as PrinceVolkonsky was sent to pacify Karelia, and the noblest Russian generalsBogdan Belsky,Fedor Mstislavsky, and PrinceTrubetskoy devastated Finland. Then, the war settled into indecisive skirmishing from which it would not subsequently emerge. Three years elapsed before Sweden, in May 1595, agreed to sign theTreaty of Teusina (Tyavzino, Tyavzin, Täyssinä). It restored to Russia all territory ceded in the Treaty of Plussa of 1583 to Sweden except for Narva. Russia had to renounce all claims on Estonia, including Narva, and Sweden's sovereignty over Estonia from 1561 was confirmed.[1]
There are numerous scholarly sources that says the war ended with a Swedish victory,[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and others that say it ended with a favourable outcome for Sweden.[10][11][12][13]
Russian sources differ in their assessment, claiming Russian victory[14] and the conclusion of a favorable peace on the terms of Moscow.[15]The Cambridge History of Russia also notes Russia's victory in the war, but draws attention to the fact that not all the goals of the Russians were fulfilled.[16] Some sources claim a military victory for Russia and a political draw.[17] Another part of the sources does not name the winner in the war, but claims that the agreement was to some extent beneficial to both sides.[18] However, most Russian-language sources do not indicate at all that the outcome of the war satisfied one of the parties.[19][20][21] Other sources have also called the war a commercial victory for Sweden.[22]
Lugnet lägrar sig och kvarstår fram till den 18 maj 1595, då Freden i Teusina sluts. Freden kan betecknas som bra för Sverige.
25-årskriget mot Ryssland (1570-1595) var ett krig som fördes mellan Ryssland och Sverige, samt Sveriges (från 1578 till 1582) allierade Polen. Kriget startades av Ryssland som försökte erövra Sveriges besittningar i Estland.Kriget avslutades med en svensk seger i och med freden i Teusina 1595.
Men i midten af febr. 1595 hade svenskarna fört sin ståndpunkt härutinnan till seger, och fastän frågan om gränsregleringens förhållande till Kexholms öfverlämnande ännu hölls öppen, tycktes uppgörelsen nära sin fullbordan
Автор верно оценил Тявзинский мир 1595 г. как победу Швеции в деле установления контроля над русской балтийской торговлей, однако победу неполную, России все еще были доступны польско - лифляндский и архангельский торговые пути.
Sweden was the victor in the conflicts of the second half of the sixteenth century.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)Rauha oli kauppapoliittisesti voitto Ruotsille, koska sovittiin, että Viipuri ja Narva olisivat kansainvälisen transitokaupan tapuleita.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)