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Inbaseball, arun is scored when a player advances around first, second and thirdbase and returnssafely tohome plate, touching the bases in that order, before threeouts are recorded and all obligations to reach base safely on batted balls are met or assured. A player may score by hitting ahome run or by any combination of plays that puts him safely "on base" (that is, on first, second, or third) as arunner and subsequently brings him home. Once a player has scored a run, they may not attempt to score another run until their next turn to bat. The object of the game is for a team to score more runs than its opponent.
TheOfficial Baseball Rules hold that if the third out of an inning is aforce out of a runner advancing to any base then, even if another baserunner crosses home plate before that force out is made, his run does not count. However, if the third out is not a force out, but atag out, then if that other baserunner crosses home plate before that tag out is made, his run will count. Inbaseball statistics, a player who advances around all the bases to score is credited with a run (R), sometimes referred to as a "run scored". While runs scored is considered an important individual batting statistic, it is regarded as less significant thanruns batted in (RBIs). Both individual runs scored and runs batted in are heavily context-dependent; however, thesabermetric statisticruns created provides a more sophisticated assessment of a player's contribution toward producing runs for his team.
Apitcher is likewise assessed on runs surrendered in his statistics, which differentiate between standardearned runs (for which the pitcher is statistically assigned full responsibility) andunearned runs scored due tofieldingerrors, which do not count in his personal statistics. Specifically, if a fielding error occurs which affects the number of runs scored in an inning, theOfficial Scorer – the official in-game statistician – in order to determine how many of the runs should be classified as earned, will reconstruct the inning as if the error had not occurred. For example, with two outs, suppose a runner reaches base because of a fielding error, and then the next batter hits a two-run home run, and then the following batter then makes the third out, ending the inning. If the inning is reconstructed without the error, and if that third batter, instead of reaching on an error, registered an out, the inning would have ended there without any runs scoring. Thus, the two runs that did score will be classified as unearned, and will not count in the pitcher's personal statistics.[1]
If a pitching substitution occurs while a runner is on base, and that runner eventually scores a run, the pitcher who allowed the player to get on base is charged with the run even though he was no longer pitching when the run scored.
Below are examples of an un-counted run and a run scored.
The career record for most runs scored by amajor-league player is 2,295, held byRickey Henderson (1979–2003). The season record for most runs scored is 198, set byBilly Hamilton of thePhiladelphia Phillies in 1894. The so-called modern-day record (1900 and after) is 177, achieved byBabe Ruth of theNew York Yankees in 1921. The record for most seasons leading one of the major leagues in runs scored is 8, held by Babe Ruth (American League: 1919–21, 1923, 1924, 1926–28).
The record for most consecutive games with at least one run scored is 18, shared by the Yankees'Red Rolfe (August 9–August 25, 1939) and theCleveland Indians'Kenny Lofton (August 15–September 3, 2000). The record for most runs scored by a player in a single game is 7, set byGuy Hecker of theAmerican Association'sLouisville Colonels on August 15, 1886. The modern-day record of 6 is shared by fourteen players (eight of whom attained it before 1900). Of the six modern-day players to score 6 runs in a game, the first to perform the feat wasMel Ott of theNew York Giants on August 4, 1934 (he repeated the accomplishment ten years later, making him the only player ever to do it twice); the most recent wasShawn Green, then of theLos Angeles Dodgers, on May 23, 2002.
The record for most runs scored by a major-league team during a single season is 1,212, set by theBoston Beaneaters (now theAtlanta Braves) in 1894. The modern-day record is 1,067, achieved by the New York Yankees in 1931. The team record for most consecutive games with at least one run scored (i.e., most consecutive games not beingshut out) is 308, set by the Yankees between August 3, 1931, and August 2, 1933. The team record for most runs in its overall history (up until 2022) is theChicago Cubs with 100,875.[2]
The record for most runs scored by a team in a single game is 36, set by theChicago Colts (now theChicago Cubs) against the Louisville Colonels (which joined theNational League in 1892) on June 29, 1897. The modern-day record of 30 was set on August 22, 2007, by theTexas Rangers against theBaltimore Orioles. The National League record was set by theAtlanta Braves with 29 runs against theMiami Marlins on September 9, 2020. The highest combined score in a game is 49 runs on August 25, 1922, when the Chicago Cubs defeated thePhiladelphia Phillies 26–23.
The record for most runs scored by a team in a single inning is 18, set by theChicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs) against theDetroit Wolverines on September 6, 1883. The modern-day record is 17, achieved by theBoston Red Sox against theDetroit Tigers on June 18, 1953.
TheLos Angeles Dodgers scored 11 runs against theAtlanta Braves in Game 3 in the first inning of the2020 NLCS, the record for the most postseason runs in a single inning.
The Yankees'Mickey Mantle holds the record for most career World Series runs scored with 42 (1951–53, 1955–58, 1960–64). The record for most runs scored in a single World Series, shared by two players, is 10, achieved both times in a six-game Series:Reggie Jackson of the Yankees was the first to do it, in1977; theToronto Blue Jays'Paul Molitor equaled him in 1993. The most runs ever scored by a player in a World Series game is 4, a record shared by ten players. Babe Ruth set the mark on October 6, 1926, while with the Yankees; it was matched most recently byAlbert Pujols of theSt. Louis Cardinals in Game 3 of the2011 World Series.
On October 2, 1936, playing theNew York Giants, the Yankees set the team record for most runs scored in a single World Series game with 18. Players crossed the plate a record 29 times in the highest-scoring World Series game in history on October 20, 1993, as the Blue Jays beat the Phillies 15–14 atVeterans Stadium in Game 4 of the1993 World Series.
