RuPaul Andre Charles[1][2] (born November 17, 1960) is an Americandrag queen, television host, singer, producer, writer, and actor. He[a] produces, hosts, and judges the reality competition seriesRuPaul's Drag Race and has receivedseveral accolades, including 14Primetime Emmy Awards, threeGLAAD Media Awards, aCritics' Choice Television Award, twoBillboard Music Awards, aTony Award, and a Guinness World Records title. He has been dubbed the "Queen of Drag" and is considered the most commercially successful drag queen in the United States, withFortune saying that he is "easily the world's most famous drag queen."[5] In 2017, RuPaul was included in the annualTime 100 list of the most influential people in the world.[5][6]
Born and raised in San Diego, California,[7][8] RuPaul studied performing arts inAtlanta, Georgia, before relocating to New York City, where he became a popular fixture on theLGBTQ nightclub scene. He achieved international fame as a drag queen with the release of his debut single, "Supermodel (You Better Work)" (1993). RuPaul was a spokesperson forMAC Cosmetics in 1994, raising money for theMac AIDS Fund and becoming the first drag queen to land a major cosmetics campaign.
RuPaul was born inSan Diego on November 17, 1960, the son of Ernestine "Toni" (née Fontenette) and Irving Andrew Charles. His parents were both fromLouisiana.[10][11] He was named by his mother; "Ru" came fromroux, the French term for the base ofgumbo and othercreole stews and soups.[12] According to DNA analysis byFinding Your Roots staff, his ancestry is 70% African and 30% European.[11][13]
RuPaul was raised in aCatholic household and grew up poor in a "broken home" with an absent father and volatile mother.[14][15] After his mother discovered his father was having an affair, she poured gasoline on his car and attempted to set the house on fire.[16] He described this traumatic event as a "pivotal moment" which caused him to dissociate from his body and deeply impacted him.[16] After his parents divorced in 1967, he and his three sisters lived with their mother.[17][18] He attendedPatrick Henry High School but dropped out in 10th grade.[14][19] At 15, RuPaul and his sister Renetta moved toAtlanta, where they studied performing arts.[20]
Career
1980–1995: Beginnings andSupermodel of the World
RuPaul struggled as a musician and filmmaker during the 1980s, working at Atlanta'sPlaza Theatre. In 1982, he debuted on an Atlantapublic access variety show calledThe American Music Show, and went on to appear on the show frequently.[4]: 59 [21] He also took part inunderground cinema, helping create the low-budget filmStar Booty and an album of the same name. In Atlanta he often performed at the Celebrity Club, managed byLarry Tee, as a bar dancer or with his band, Wee Wee Pole.[22][23][24] RuPaul also performed as a backup singer toGlen Meadmore along with drag queenVaginal Davis.[25] His first prominent national exposure came in 1989, when he danced as anextra in the video forThe B-52s' "Love Shack", and also appeared inTom Rubnitz's video "Pickle Surprise".[26][27]
In the early 1990s, RuPaul worked the Georgia club scene and was known by his full birth name. Initially participating ingender bender-style performances, he performed solo and in collaboration with other bands at several New York City nightclubs, most notably thePyramid Club.[28] He played opposite New York City drag performerMona Foot (Nashom Benjamin) in the one-act science-fiction parody "My Pet Homo", written and directed by Jon Michael Johnson for Cooper Square Productions. He performed for many years at the annualWigstockdrag festival and appeared in the documentaryWigstock: The Movie. In the 1990s, RuPaul appeared on the UKChannel 4 seriesManhattan Cable, a weekly series produced byWorld of Wonder and presented by American Laurie Pike about New York'spublic-access television system.
RuPaul was signed to a modeling contract forMAC Cosmetics. Various billboards featured him in full drag, often with the text "I am the MAC girl". He also released his autobiography,Lettin' It All Hang Out. He promoted the book in part with a 1995 guest appearance onABC'sAll My Children, in a storyline that put it on the set ofErica Kane's talk show "The Cutting Edge". The same year, he was featured in his first of two appearances in theBrady Bunch movies, in which he played Jan's female guidance counselor.In 1994 he had a duet withElton John who was of the superguests of theSanremo Festival in Italy as superguests, one of the main festivals worldwide; the permance generated both positive and concerned reactions from the public.[30]
Later in the year he released his second album,Foxy Lady, this time on the L.A.-basedRhino Records label. The album failed to chart on theBillboard 200. However, its first single "Snapshot" went to number four on theHot Dance Music/Club Play chart. It also enjoyed limited mainstream success, charting at 95 on theBillboard Hot 100, which was his second and final solo Hot 100 entry to date. The album's second single "A Little Bit of Love" was not as successful, peaking at 28 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. During this time, RuPaul hosted a morning radio show atWKTU radio in New York City and would serve as host until 1998.[31]
RuPaul in 2007
In 1997, he released his third album, the Christmas-themedHo Ho Ho. That year, RuPaul teamed withMartha Wash to remake the classic disco anthem, "It's Raining Men". The song was included on the 1998 compilation CDRuPaul's Go Go Box Classics. During this time, he appeared inWebex TV commercials and magazine ads. In 2002, he was featured on theEurodance track "You're No Lady" alongsideBrigitte Nielsen.
In 2004, RuPaul released his fourth album,Red Hot, on his own RuCo Inc. music label. It received dance radio and club play, but very little press coverage. RuPaul later noted, "I don't know what happened. It seemed I couldn't get press on my album unless I was willing to play into the role that the mainstream press has assigned to gay people, which is as servants of straight ideals."[32]Red Hot's lead single "Looking Good, Feeling Gorgeous" peaked at number two on the dance chart. The second, "WorkOut", peaked at number five. The third and final single from the album "People Are People" a duet with Tom Trujillo, peaked at number 10. The album itself only charted on theTop Electronic Albums chart, where it hit number nine.[33] In September, he was hired atWNEW.[31]
On June 13, 2006, RuPaul releasedReWorked, his firstremix album. The only single released from the album was a re-recording of "Supermodel (You Better Work)", which reached number 21 on the U.S. dance chart. June 20, 2007, saw the release ofStarrbooty: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack in the United States. The single "Call Me Starrbooty" was digitally released in 2007. The album contains new tracks as well as interludes with dialogue from the movie. The film was released on DVD in October 2007.
In mid-2008, RuPaul began producingRuPaul's Drag Race, a reality television game show which aired onLogo in February 2009. On the program drag queens compete to be selected by RuPaul and a panel of judges as "America's next drag superstar". The first season's winner wasBeBe Zahara Benet, and first runner-upNina Flowers was chosen by fans as "Miss Congeniality" through voting via the show's official website. To publicize the new show, RuPaul appeared on several other shows in 2008, includingProject Runway, as guest judge, and onPaula's Party as a guest "chef".[34][35]
In March 2009, RuPaul released the albumChampion. The album spawned four singles "Cover Girl", "Jealous of My Boogie", "Devil Made Me Do It", and "Tranny Chaser". The album peaked at number 12 on theBillboardDance/Electronic Albums as well as 26 on theBillboardTop Heatseekers chart. Logo's second annualNewNowNext Awards in 2009 were hosted by RuPaul. There he performed "Jealous of My Boogie (Gomi & RasJek Edit)". In March 2010, RuPaul released his second remix album,Drag Race, the album features remixes of songs from the 2009 albumChampion.[36]
In April 2011, coinciding with the finale of season 3 ofRuPaul's Drag Race, RuPaul released his sixth studio albumGlamazon, produced byRevolucian. The album charted onBillboard'sDance/Electronic Albums and theBillboardTop Heatseekers chart at 11 and 8 respectively. In July 2011, he released another remix EP entitledSuperGlam DQ which features remixes of tracks fromGlamazon, remixes of the "Drag U Theme Song", and a new song, "Sexy Drag Queen". The second season ofRuPaul's Drag U began in June 2011. In late 2011, RuPaul made appearances onThe Rosie Show andThe Chew, and also attended aDrag Race NY Premiere party atPatricia Field's store in New York. Season 4 ofRuPaul's Drag Race premiered onLogo on January 30, 2012, with RuPaul returning as the main host and judge. In the fall of 2012, the spin-offRuPaul's Drag Race All Stars premiered and featured past contestants of the previous four seasons. Season 5 ofRuPaul's Drag Race premiered on January 28, 2013. On April 30, 2013, he released "Lick It Lollipop" featuringLady Bunny.
In fall of 2013, RuPaul joined forces with cosmetic manufacturers Colorevolution to launch his debut make-up line featuring ultra-richpigment cosmetics and a beauty collection. Released alongside the line was aunisex perfume entitled "Glamazon". Talking toWorld of Wonder he said: "Glamazon is for women and men of all ages and preferences who share one thing in common: They are not afraid to be fierce. For me, glamour should be accessible to all, and I am committed to helping the world look and smell more beautiful." The line was exclusively sold on the Colorevolution website in various gift sets.[37][38]
2014–2016:Born Naked,Realness,Butch Queen, and television expansion
RuPaul in 2015
On January 28, 2014, RuPaul releasedRuPaul Presents The CoverGurlz, a collaborative album featuring new versions of RuPaul songs from 2009 to 2013. His seventh studio album,Born Naked, was released on February 24, 2014, to coincide with the premiere of the 6th season ofRuPaul's Drag Race.Born Naked placed at number 4 on the USBillboard dance chart and 85 on theBillboard 200 chart. On April 9, 2014, RuPaul andMichelle Visage released the first episode of their podcast,RuPaul: What's the Tee? with Michelle Visage. In August, he joined the reality competition showSkin Wars acting as a judge.
On March 2, 2015, RuPaul released his eighth studio album,Realness. The release coincided with the premiere of the seventh season ofRuPaul's Drag Race. In April, he launched and began hosting a new show,Good Work, a plastic surgery-themed talk show forE!. In October he released his secondChristmas album, and ninth studio album,Slay Belles. The album contains ten original Christmas-themed songs and features collaborations withMichelle Visage,Siedah Garrett,Todrick Hall, andBig Freedia. The album charted at 21 on the USBillboardDance chart.[39]
In January 2016, it was announced RuPaul would present a new game show forLogo TV calledGay for Play Game Show Starring RuPaul which premiered on April 11, 2016, afterRuPaul's Drag Race.[40] In March 2016, he released his tenth album,Butch Queen, just prior to the premiere of theeighth season ofRuPaul's Drag Race.[41] A song from the album, "U Wear It Well" was featured in the teaser campaigns for the season and was released as its first single. The album charted at number 3 on the USBillboardDance chart.[39] "'Be Someone" featuring American singerTaylor Dayne was released as the album's second and final single. Additionally,Butch Queen: The Ru-Mixes was released.
2017–present: Further album releases,Drag Race UK,AJ and the Queen, and further TV shows
On February 3, 2017, RuPaul released the albumRemember Me: Essential, Vol. 1. It is a collection of new songs and remakes of RuPaul hits that feature new artists.[43] Two singles were released from the album: "Rock It (To The Moon)", and an updated version of RuPaul's 1996 single "Snapshot" fromFoxy Lady. The album debuted at number four on theBillboard Dance Albums Sales Chart in the United States and at number eleven on the UK Dance Albums Chart. On March 24, 2017, RuPaul released his eleventh studio album,American.[44] On the same day, theninth regular season ofRuPaul's Drag Race debuted on basic cable channel VH1. It moved from the expanded cable channel Logo TV which aired all previous seasons of the show. The season 9 premiere featured singerLady Gaga as its guest judge and was a success, with ratings of nearly 1,000,000 viewers, making it the series' most viewed episode.[45]
On June 9, 2017,Essential, Vol. 2 was released. It was preceded by the single "Crying on the Dance Floor", a re-recording of the 2010 single "Main Event" fromChampion. On March 16, 2018, RuPaul received a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the television industry.[46] He was the first drag queen to be given the award.[47] RuPaul released his third Christmas album in October 2018.[48]
ThepodcastRuPaul: What's the Tee? With Michelle Visage debuted on April 6, 2014. Ru-Paul co-hosts with longtime friend and fellowRuPaul's Drag Race judgeMichelle Visage. The weekly show features their thoughts on topics including behind-the-scenes ofRuPaul's Drag Race, life advice, beauty tips, and conversations with featured guests from the entertainment world.[65][66]
Launched through production companyWorld of Wonder,RuPaul's DragCon LA is an annual drag-themed convention held in Los Angeles which started in 2015, followed byRuPaul's DragCon NYC. It began in 2017 in New York City; the public is able to meet with RuPaul, formerRuPaul's Drag Race contestants, and other drag queens.[68] The conventions feature performances, meet-and-greet booths, merchandise sales and panel discussions.[69]
Activism
RuPaul has been an active supporter of voter registration, producing a public service announcement supportingNational Voter Registration Day[70] and urging everyone to register.[71] As RuPaul saidvoter ID laws vary from state to state; the details of the voter ID required in each state are provided byHeadCount andVoteRiders. As one in five LGBTQ adults are not registered to vote, voter registration efforts have expanded recently. Several stars fromRuPaul's Drag Race act as Ambassadors for Drag Out the Vote.[72]
In March 2023, in response to theTennessee Adult Entertainment Act, RuPaul, World of Wonder producers Randy Barbarto and Fenton Bailey, and MTV began a fund to fight anti-drag initiatives.[73][74][75] TheACLU maintains the fund,[76] which received donations from efforts at DragCon LA 2023,[77] the "Drag Isn't Dangerous" livestream telethon,[78] "Can't Hold us Down",[79] "Born This Way",[80] and "God Save the Queens",[81] as well as a small donation from the Manhattan Association of Cabarets.[82]
The Instagram post RuPaul made prior to the establishment of the fund called on followers to vote, saying, "Register to vote so we can get those stunt queens out of office." The video ends with the statement, "By the way, a social media post has never been as powerful as a registered vote."[83]
Impact
Lauren Herold ofMic.com deemed RuPaul "arguably the most commercially successful drag queen in America."[84] Sami Main ofAdweek credited him with creating wider exposure for drag queens fromLGBTQ culture intomainstream society, thanks to his early-career chart success, and later, the successive climb in viewership ofRuPaul's Drag Race.[85] His talk showThe RuPaul Show was the first-ever national talk show to have a drag queen as a host. Along with his partner Michelle Visage, he welcomed an array of high-profile guests such asCher,Lil Kim, andDiana Ross over the show's 100-episode span. As well as having a variety of comedyskits, the show was noted for discussing topics such as black empowerment,female empowerment,misogyny, and liberal politics that were otherwise unheard of in 1990s television at the time.[86] In 1999, RuPaul was awarded theVito Russo Award at theGLAAD Media Awards for work in promoting equality in theLGBTQ community.
RuPaul has also been noted as having a large part inRuPaul's Drag Race's continuous television success. By pioneering queer representation on television, many believe RuPaul to have essentially revolutionised the portrayal of theLGBTQ+ community on screen.[87] He first won anEmmy for his work on the show in 2016, and one year later the show garnered eight nominations, includingPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Competition Program for the first time in its 11-season run, and a second consecutive win for RuPaul in thePrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program.[88] In 2017, he was included in the annualTime 100 list of the most influential people in the world.[6] In 2019,Fortune noted RuPaul as "easily the world's most famous" drag queen.[5]
In 2014, trans activists and former contestants Carmen Carrera and Monica Beverly Hillz criticized the show's use of words such astranny andshemale, including the main challenge announcement phrase up to season 6, "You've got she-mail", which they described astransphobic.[98][99]That year's season also included a "Female or She-male" segment that required contestants to guess whether various photographs featuredcisgender "biological women" or "psychological women" (drag queens), causing further criticism.[100] RuPaul and the producers issued a statement promising "to help spread love, acceptance and understanding" and Logo TV removed the "You've got she-mail" phrase from subsequent broadcasts, replacing it instead with the phrase "She done already done had herses."[101] RuPaul criticized those attempting to police his language in bad faith and noted thattranny referred totransvestites and drag queens, not just trans women.[102][103]
In 2018, RuPaul gave an interview toThe Guardian in which he stated that a post-transition trans woman would "probably not" be accepted onto the show, noting that at the time of competition Peppermint had not yet hadbreast implants.[104] After facing criticism on social media and from former contestants for his remarks,[105] RuPaul compared trans drag queens who had transitioned to athletes who had takenperformance-enhancing drugs.[106] He subsequently expressed regret for the hurt caused by his remarks, and that the only screening criteria for contestants were "charisma, uniqueness, nerve, and talent."[107] Since RuPaul made these statements, multiple transgender contestants have competed and won on the show.[108]
Personal life
RuPaul met painter Georges LeBar in 1994 atthe Limelight nightclub in New York City.[109] They married in January 2017.[110] They have anopen marriage; RuPaul has said he would not want to "put restraints" on the person he loves.[111] The two split their time between a home in Los Angeles and a 60,000-acre (24,000 ha) ranch inWyoming.[112] Environmentalists criticized them in 2020 after RuPaul revealed that they lease mineral rights and sell water to oil companies on their ranch, and allowfracking there.[113][114][115] According to public maps, the ranch has at least 35 active wells.[116] RuPaul previously held aclimate-themed ball on his show to raiseenvironmental awareness, leading to accusations of hypocrisy.[117]
RuPaul publicly endorsedDemocratic nomineeHillary Clinton in the2016 United States presidential election.[118] He expressed dismay at Clinton's defeat byRepublican nomineeDonald Trump, saying, "The America that we have all fought so hard for, the narrative of love and peace and liberty and equality, it feels like it is dead."[119] He has described doing drag as a "very, very political" act because it "challenges thestatus quo" by rejecting fixed identities: "Drag says 'I'm a shapeshifter, I do whatever the hell I want at any given time'."[120]
RuPaul started smokingcannabis at age 10 or 11.[121][122][123] Since 1999, he has been sober and has not had alcohol, drugs, or tobacco. In 2020, he found out while appearing on the TV showFinding Your Roots that he andNew Jersey SenatorCory Booker are "DNA cousins."[124] In a 2013 interview, RuPaul said, "I'm not religious, but I do have spiritual practices like yoga and meditation and I do pray."[125]
In 2020, a species of Australiansoldier fly was namedOpaluma rupaul. The name was chosen in reference to the fly's "costume of shiny metallic rainbow colours." Other species described in the same article were namedO. ednae (after fellow drag queenDame Edna Everage) andO.fabulosa.[145][146]
^RuPaul is indifferent to which gender pronouns are used to refer to him, stating that he can be called "he" or "she",[3] and has played male roles and makes public appearances in both male and female drag.[4] This article uses "he/him" pronouns for consistency.
^Gianoulis, Tina (August 16, 2005)."RuPaul (RuPaul Andre Charles)"(PDF).GLBTQ: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture. GLBTQ, Inc.Archived(PDF) from the original on January 12, 2017. RetrievedMarch 24, 2009.
^French, Ellen Dennis (2005)."Rupaul 1960–". Encyclopedia.com (Thomson Gale). Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. RetrievedApril 24, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) AdditionalWebCitation archive on March 10, 2017.
^Archived atGhostarchive and theWayback Machine:Nelson, Sullivan (September 13, 2011)."Going to Red Zone" – via YouTube.RuPaul, Lahoma and Larry Tee went to Red Zone to perform their disco act La Palace de Beaute. This video includes fabulous backup dancing by RuPaul and Lahoma.
^Brian Butterick, Susan Martin, Kestutis Nakas (eds.) "We Started a Nightclub": The Birth of the Pyramid Cocktail Lounge as Told by Those Who Lived It, Damiani Books, p. 59, 152 & 175
^Taylor October 17, 2018, Jeff."RuPaul Wants You to Vote".LOGO News.Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. RetrievedOctober 6, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Framke, Caroline (March 7, 2018)."How RuPaul's comments on trans women led to a Drag Race revolt – and a rare apology".Vox.Archived from the original on July 8, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 3, 2018.To understand why RuPaul has always been resistant to let go of what he finds to be harmless jokes, you have to understand that he built his career on the principle that no one should take themselves or gender particularly seriously. In fact, as he told Vulture, his vision of drag is that it's meant to "remind culture to not take itself seriously." When he gets asked about the trans community's relation to drag, he said, he just gets bored because "we mock identity. They take identity very seriously."