 |
| Components |
|---|
| Army Navy (Coast Guard) Air Force Home Guard Cyber Defence Force |
| Ranks |
| Norwegian military ranks |
| Bugle calls |
| Bugle calls of the Norwegian Army |
| Armed Forces equipment |
| Army equipment Naval ships (active) Norwegian military aircraft |
TheRoyal Norwegian Navy (Norwegian:Sjøforsvaret,lit. 'Sea defence') is the branch of theNorwegian Armed Forces responsible fornaval operations ofNorway, including those of theNorwegian Coast Guard. As of 2008[update], the Royal Norwegian Navy consists of approximately 3,700 personnel (9,450 in mobilized state, 32,000 when fully mobilized) and 70 vessels, including 4 heavyfrigates, 6submarines, 14patrol boats, 4minesweepers, 4minehunters, 1 mine detection vessel, 4 support vessels and 2 training vessels.
This navy has a history dating back to 955. From 1509 to 1814, it formed part of the navy ofDenmark-Norway, also referred to as the "Common Fleet". Since 1814, the Royal Norwegian Navy has again existed as a separate navy.
In Norwegian, all its naval vessels since 1946 bear theship prefixKNM, which stands for "Kongelige Norske Marine" (which translates to "Royal Norwegian Navy"); in English, these vessels are identified by the prefixHNoMS, meaning "His/Her Norwegian Majesty's Ship".[a] Coast Guard vessels bear the prefixKV, for "Kystvakt" (which translates to "Coast Guard"); in English, these vessels are identified by the prefixNoCGV, for "Norwegian Coast Guard Vessel".[4]
The history of Norwegian state-operated naval forces is long, and goes back to theleidang which was first established by KingHåkon the Good at theGulating in 955, although variants of the Leidang had at that time already existed for hundreds of years. During the last part of the Middle Ages the system of levying of ships, equipment, and manpower for the leidang was mainly used to levying tax and existed as such into the 17th Century.
During most of the union between Norway andDenmark the two countries hada common fleet. This fleet was established byKing Hans in 1509 in Denmark. A large proportion of the crew and officers in this new Navy organisation were Norwegian. In 1709 there were about 15,000 personnel enrolled in the common fleet; of these 10,000 were Norwegian. WhenPeter Tordenskjold carried out hisfamous raid at Dynekil in 1716 more than 80 percent of the sailors and 90 percent of the soldiers in his force were Norwegian. Because of this the Royal Norwegian Navy shares its history from 1509 to 1814 with theRoyal Danish Navy.
The modern, separate Royal Norwegian Navy was founded (restructured) on April 12, 1814, by PrinceChristian Fredrik on the remnants of the Dano-Norwegian Navy. At the time of separation, the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy was in a poor state and Norway was left with the lesser share. All officers of Danish birth were ordered to return to Denmark and the first commander of the Norwegian navy became CaptainThomas Fasting. It then consisted of 39 officers, sevenbrigs (one more under construction), oneschooner-brig, eight gunschooners, 46 gun chalups and 51 gun barges.[5] April 1, 1815, the Royal Norwegian Navy's leadership was reorganized into a navy ministry, and Fasting became the first navy minister.
Norway retained its independent armed forces, including the navy, during theunion with Sweden. During most of the union the navy was subjected to low funding, even though there were ambitious plans to expand it. In the late 19th century, the fleet was increased to defend a possible independent Norway from her Swedish neighbours.
In 1900, just five years prior to the separation from Sweden, the navy, which was maintained for coastal defence, consisted of: two British-builtcoastal defence ships (HNoMS Harald Haarfagre andHNoMS Tordenskjold – each armored and displacing about 3,500 tons), four ironcladmonitors, three unarmored gun vessels, twelve gunboats, sixteen small (sixty ton) gunboats, and a flotilla of twenty-seventorpedo boats.[6]: 1066 These were operated by 116 active duty officers (with an additional sixty reserve) and 700 petty officers and seamen.[6]: 1067
Norway was neutral duringWorld War I, but the armed forces were mobilised to protect Norway's neutrality. The neutrality was sorely tested – the nation's merchant fleet suffered heavy casualties toGermanU-boats andcommerce raiders.[7]
World War II began for the Royal Norwegian Navy on April 8, 1940, when theGermantorpedo boatAlbatross attacked the guard shipPol III. In the opening hours of theBattle of Narvik, the old coastal defence ships ("panserskip")HNoMS Eidsvold andHNoMS Norge, both built before 1905 and hopelessly obsolete, attempted to put up a fight against the invading German warships; both were torpedoed and sunk. The German invasion fleet heading forOslo was significantly delayed whenOscarsborg Fortress opened fire with two of its three old 28 cm guns, followed by the 15 cm guns on Kopås on the eastern side of theDrøbak strait. The artillery pieces inflicted heavy damage on the German heavy cruiserBlücher, which was subsequently sunk by torpedoes fired from Oscarsborg's land-based torpedo battery.Blücher sank with over 1,000 casualties among its crew and soldiers aboard. The German invasion fleet – believingBlücher had struck a mine – retreated south and called for air strikes on the fortress. This delay allowedKing Haakon VII of Norway and the Royal family, as well as the government, to escape capture.
On June 7, 1940, thirteen vessels, five aircraft and 500 men from the Royal Norwegian Navy followed the King to theUnited Kingdom and continued the fight from bases there until the war ended. The number of men was steadily increased as Norwegians living abroad, civilian sailors and men escaping from Norway joined the Royal Norwegian Navy. Funds fromNortraship were used to buy new ships, aircraft and equipment.
Ten ships and 1,000 men from the Royal Norwegian Navy participated in theNormandy Invasion in 1944.
During the war the navy operated 118 ships, at the end of the war it had 58 ships and 7,500 men in service. They lost 27 ships, 18 fishing boats (of theShetland bus) and 933 men in World War II.[8]
The navy had its ownair force from 1912 to 1944.
After the war, threeType VIIU-boats which had surrendered to the Allies in May 1945 were transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy :U-926,U-995 andU-1202 entered service asKya, Kaura andKinn respectively.[9]
The building of a new fleet in the 1960s was made possible with substantial economic support from theUnited States. During theCold War, the navy was optimized forsea denial in coastal waters to make an invasion from the sea as difficult and costly as possible. With that mission in mind, the Royal Norwegian Navy consisted of a large number of small vessels and up to 15 small diesel-electric submarines. The navy is now replacing those vessels with a smaller number of larger and more capable vessels.
TheRoyal Norwegian Navy Museum is dedicated to the preservation and promotion of Norway's naval history.
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
Some of The Royal Norwegian Navy's bases are:
The Navy is organized into the Fleet, the Coast Guard, and the main bases.[10]
The Fleet consists of:
The Naval Schools are:
Two of the schools of the Navy retainship prefixes, reminiscent ofRoyal Navypractises.[11]
Museum:Royal Norwegian Navy Museum,Horten
.jpg)
The submarine fleet consists of severalUla-class submarines.
"Ubåtvåpenet" maintain sixUla-class submarines:
Note: These ships are generally considered destroyers by their officers and other navies due to their size and role.[12]Helge Ingstad (F313) was decommissioned and sold for scrap after a collision with an oil tanker in November 2018 severely damaged the ship.
_(2_Nov_2001).jpg)
The Coastal Warfare fleet consists ofSkjold-classcorvettes.
Norway has prioritized replacing its current submarine fleet. In February 2017 the German manufacturer Thyssen Krupp was selected to deliver four new submarines, of theType 212CD submarine-class design, starting in the latter 2020s[20] to replace the Ula-class boats. A firm build contract with Thyssen Krupp was anticipated in the first half of 2020 as part of a joint program under which Norway will procure four submarines and Germany two.[21][22][23] However, as of the end of 2020 a contract had not yet been signed. In March 2021 it was indicated that an agreement had been reached between Norway and Germany to initiate the acquisition program, pending approval by theBundestag. The contract was signed in July 2021 and construction of the first vessel began in September 2023.[24][25] Delivery of the first boat to the Royal Norwegian Navy is anticipated in 2029.[26]
The Coast Guard is replacing its existingNordkapp-class vessels with significantly larger ice-capable ships, each displacing just under 10,000 tonnes. The three newJan Mayen-class ships are armed with a 57mm main gun and are capable of operating up to two medium-sized helicopters. The ships have an overall length of 446 feet with a beam of 72 feet and a draft of 20 feet. The maximum speed is 22 knots with more than 60 days endurance and the complement is up to 100 people.[27] The first ship,KV Jan Mayen, was launched by the Vard Tulcea shipyard in Romania in 2021 and towed to the Vard Langsten shipyard inTomrefjord for completion. She was christened in November 2022,[28][29] having started builder's sea trials in October. The ship was delivered in early 2023.[30][31] The second ship of the class, KVBjørnøya, was transferred to Norway for her final fit out at the Vard Langsten yard in February/March 2022[32][33][34] and was delivered in November 2023.[35] The third and final ship of the class,KV Hopen, was transferred to Norway for her final fit out in January 2023.[36]
In early 2023 it was announced that the Navy was seeking a new class of coastal Ranger commando vessels to replace theCB90-class vessels. To be procured under Project P6380, the vessels are to have a top speed of 45 knots, stay at sea for up to a week and hold a crew of up to six personnel along with a coastal ranger platoon, its equipment or, alternatively, a UAV under 150kg for day/night operations. Deliveries are envisaged between 2026 and 2028.[37] Two Special Forces Combatant Craft Medium (CCM) vessels are also to be procured from US shipbuilder ReconCraft.[38]
From 2024, the Navy will begin to procure a new mine countermeasures capability based on autonomous systems. As part of the development of this capability, two "motherships" for autonomous systems will be acquired.[39]
The 2020 Norwegian defence plan envisages the replacement of the current major surface vessels "after 2030". Decisions concerningtype and number of vessels are to be "made in the next planning period".[20]
In August 2025, Norway announced it had chosen the UK as its strategic partner to acquire new frigates, as part of a £10 billion agreement to purchase 5Type 26 frigates. It is described as Norway's largest defence investment to date. The frigates will form a combined fleet of 13 anti-submarine warfare frigates (8 British and at least 5 Norwegian) to operate jointly in northern Europe. Delivery of the frigates is planned to start from 2030.[40]
The rank insignia ofcommissioned officers.
| NATO code | OF-10 | OF-9 | OF-8 | OF-7 | OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-4 | OF-3 | OF-2 | OF-1 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Royal Norwegian Navy[41] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||||||||||
| Admiral | Viseadmiral | Kontreadmiral | Flaggkommandør | Kommandør | Kommandørkaptein | Orlogskaptein | Kapteinløytnant | Løytnant | Fenrik | |||||||||||||||
The rank insignia ofnon-commissioned officers andenlisted personnel.
| NATO code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-6 | OR-5 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Royal Norwegian Navy[41] |  |  |  |  | .png) | .png) | .png) | .png) | .png) |  |  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Flaggmester | Orlogsmester | Flotiljemester | Skvadronmester | Senior kvartermester | Kvartermester | Konstabel | Senior visekonstabel | Visekonstabel | Ledende menig | Menig | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Organization |  | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bases | |||||||||||||||||
| Ships |
| ||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
