| Ross's goose | |
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| Adult Ross's goose in Ohio, USA | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Anseriformes |
| Family: | Anatidae |
| Genus: | Anser |
| Species: | A. rossii |
| Binomial name | |
| Anser rossii Cassin, 1861 | |
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| Ross's goose range: Breeding Wintering Migration | |
| Synonyms | |
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Ross's goose (Anser rossii) is a white goose with black wingtips and a relatively short neck. It is the smallest of the threewhite geese that breed in North America. It is similar in appearance to a white-phasesnow goose, but about 40% smaller. Other differences from thesnow goose are that the bill is smaller in proportion to its body and lacks "black lips". Like snow geese, Ross's geese may exhibit a darker "blue" phase or morph, though this is extremely rare (<0.01% of adult birds).[2]
Before the early 1900s, this goose was considered a rare species, possibly as a consequence of open hunting, but numbers have increased dramatically as a result of conservation measures.[3] It is now listed as aspecies of Least Concern by theIUCN,[4] and is protected by theMigratory Bird Treaty Act.
Ross's goose is named in honor of Bernard R. Ross (1827–1874), who was associated with theHudson's Bay Company in Canada'sNorthwest Territories. Members of the Hudson's Bay Company were the first Europeans to discover the arctic nesting grounds of Ross's geese in 1940.[3] The first recognizable description of Ross's geese, under the name "horned wavey", was given by explorerSamuel Hearne eighty years beforeJohn Cassin named it after Ross.[5]
Ross's goose have a rounded head above a short neck. The bill is short and triangular, and has a bluish base with warty structures that increase in prominence with age. Adults are identified by all-whitesecondary feathers, while juveniles' will be dark centered. Females average 6% smaller than males.[3] Legs will begin as olive gray on goslings and turn deep red as they mature.
There is no geographic variation or identified subspecies. Related species include otherAnser geese, particularly the lessersnow goose,[3] where the two mtDNA lineages imply frequent hybridization.[6] Two hypotheses about the evolution of Ross's goose are that they arose from a population of snow geese that were isolated by glacial advance[7] or in a refugium that remained ice free.[8]
Measurements:[citation needed]
| Songs and calls |
Ross's geese, along with other "white geese" (i.e., snow goose,emperor goose) previously belonged to the genusChen, however, recent genetic sequencing has concluded that this genus was polyphyletic with theAnser genus, where most taxonomists now place Ross's goose and its allies.[9]
Members of theChen genus were officially transferred toAnser in the International Ornithological Committee's World Bird List version 6.3 in 2016.[10]
Landscape in the centralArctic is dominated by flat plains with somerock outcrops anddrumlins,wet meadows, and marshytundra. Vegetation includes patches ofdwarf birch,willow, grasses, sedges,[11] and low-growing vascular plants includingcrowberry,lapland rosebay, andlousewort.[3] Large colonies of nesting birds can cause extensive damage to plants byovergrazing.[12]
Ross's geese form large nesting colonies on islands in shallow lakes and adjacent mainland, building nests on the ground made of twigs, leaves, grass, moss, and down.[13] Females lay an average of 4 eggs per clutch and incubate the nest for 21–23 days.[13]
A study of ground-based sampling along theMcConnell River on the west coast ofHudson Bay reported a population of about 81,000 nesting Ross's geese.[14]
These birds migrate from their Canadian nesting grounds by mid-October, probably in response to limited food before freezing temperatures set in, and begin their return in mid-April to May.[15]
Like most geese, they are grazers that feed on grasses, sedges, and small grains. They often forage in large mixed flocks with snow geese.
The number of nesting birds in the Queen Maud Gulf hit a record low of 2,000-3,000 in the early 1950s[16] due to extensive shooting and trapping and their subsequent sale in California markets.[17] Hunting of Ross's geese was made illegal in the U.S. in 1931. When populations on wintering grounds began to increase again, restricted hunting was introduced.[18] Today, Ross's goose is protected under theMigratory Bird Treaty Act.
Authority control databases: National |
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