Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation Sicangu Oyate (Lakota) | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
 Location in South Dakota | |
| Tribe | Rosebud Sioux Tribe |
| Country | United States |
| State | South Dakota |
| Counties | Gregory Lyman Mellette Todd (all) Tripp |
| Established | 1889 |
| Headquarters | Rosebud |
| Government | |
| • Body | Rosebud Sioux Tribal Council |
| • President | Kathleen Wooden Knife |
| • Vice-President | Lisa White Pipe |
| • Treasurer | Louise "Wayne" Boyd |
| • Secretary | Nicole Marshall |
| Area | |
• Total | 5,103.214 km2 (1,970.362 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[2] | |
• Total | 26,305 |
| • Density | 5.1546/km2 (13.350/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Website | rosebudsiouxtribe-nsn.gov |
TheRosebud Indian Reservation is anIndian reservation inSouth Dakota, United States. It is the home of the federally recognizedRosebud Sioux Tribe, who areSicangu, a band ofLakota people. TheLakota nameSicangu Oyate translates as the "Burnt Thigh Nation", also known by the French term, theBrulé Sioux.
The Rosebud Indian Reservation was established in 1889 after the United States' partition of theGreat Sioux Reservation, which was created by theTreaty of Fort Laramie (1868). The Great Sioux Reservation had covered all ofWest River, South Dakota (the area west of the Missouri River), as well as part of northern Nebraska and eastern Montana. Since its founding, the Rosebud reservation has been reduced considerably in size, as has happened with the other Lakota and Dakota reservations. Now, it includesTodd County, South Dakota, and certain communities and lands in the four adjacent counties.
The Rosebud Indian Reservation is located in south central South Dakota. It includes within its recognized border all ofTodd County, an unincorporated county of South Dakota. The Oyate also have communities and extensive lands and populations in the four adjacent counties, which were once within the Rosebud Sioux Tribe (RST) boundaries:Tripp,Lyman,Mellette, andGregory counties, all in South Dakota. Mellette County, especially, has extensiveoff-reservation trust land, comprising 33.35 percent of its land area. Some 40.23 percent of the Sicangu Oyate population lives here.
The total land area of the reservation and its trust lands is 1,970.362 sq mi (5,103.214 km2) with a population of 10,469 in the2000 census.[3] The main reservation (Todd County) has a land area of 1,388.124 sq mi (3,595.225 km2) and a population of 9,050. The RIR is bounded on the south byCherry County, Nebraska, on the west by thePine Ridge Indian Reservation, on the north by theWhite River, and originally, on the east by theMissouri River.
The Oyate capital is the unincorporated town ofRosebud where the tribal headquarters is located. It was established when theSpotted Tail Indian Agency territory extended to the banks of Rosebud Creek near itsconfluence with theLittle White River. It was previously located in northwestern Nebraska.
The largest town on the reservation isMission, served by the intersections of US Highways 18 and 83. Mission's near neighbor ofAntelope is one of the many tribal band communities established in the late 1870s. Another major town in the reservation isSaint Francis, located southwest of Rosebud. Saint Francis, with a current population of about 469(2020 census).,[4] is the largest incorporated town in South Dakota without astate highway for access.[citation needed]
Located on theGreat Plains, just north of theNebraska Sandhills, Rosebud Indian Reservation has large areas ofPonderosa Pine forest scattered in its grasslands. Deep valleys are defined by steep hills and ravines, often with lakes dotting the deeper valleys.
Major employers include Rosebud Sioux Tribe,Bureau of Indian Affairs, andTodd County School District. The RST owns and operates Rosebud Casino onU.S. Route 83 just north of the Nebraska border. Nearby is a fuel plaza, featuring truck parking and a convenience store. Power for the casino is furnished in part by one of the nation's first tribally ownedwind turbines, which generate electricity. In the early 21st century, the tribe built a new residential development,Sicangu Village, along Highway 83 near the casino and the state line.
The Tribe also owns QCredit, an online financial services company. The Tribe works with financial technology vendorThink Finance for assistance with compliance management, risk management, and loan services.[5]
Like numerous other Native American tribes, the Rosebud government decided to legalize alcohol sales on the reservation. It found that many residents went off reservation to buy alcohol in nearby towns. By legalizing the sale, the tribe can use sales taxes and other revenues generated for the welfare and health of the tribe. It can directly police and regulate the use of alcohol on the reservation in an effort to reduce abuses, and has established health programs for treatment.
TheWolakota Buffalo Range is a nearly 28,000-acre native grassland (11,000 ha) for a bison herd on the reservation. The Rosebud Economic Development Corporation (REDCO), the economic arm of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, is managing the land.[6] Established in 2020, the herd will help developecological restoration, cultural practices, economic development, food security and public education.[7]
Under theIndian Reorganization Act of 1934, the federally recognized Rosebud Sioux Tribe (RST) re-established self-government. It adopted a constitution and bylaws, to take back many responsibilities for internal management from the BIA. It followed the model of elected government: president, vice-president, and representative council, adopted by many Native American nations. At the time and since then, many tribal members opposed the elected government, preferring their traditional form of hereditaryclan chiefs selected for life, contingent on approval by women elders, and a tribal council that operated by consensus.[citation needed]
Both women and male elders have continued to have influence within the nation, particularly among those who have followed more traditional lives. At times political factions have developed and continued along ethnic and cultural lines, with full-blood Sioux following traditional ways. Others, sometimes ofmixed-blood or having had more urban or European-American experiences, support the elected government. Enrolled members living on reservation number 21,245. The RST population is estimated at 25,000 (2005).[citation needed]
The short two-year terms of office can make it difficult for elected tribal officials to carry out projects over the long term. In addition, BIA officials and police retain roles on the reservations, which the historian Akim Reinhardt calls a form of "indirect colonialism".[8]
Sinte Gleska University is a Tribally-chartered higher education institution operating on the reservation. Theuniversity is named after the 19th-century Sioux war chief and statesman, whose name in English wasSpotted Tail.
The Sun-Times is the only news outlet to cover political news on the reservation, along with police, court and community news. An economic decline forced the paper to cut back to a monthly edition in 2010.[10]
InUnited States v. Sioux Nation of Indians, 448 U.S. 371 (1980), the people of the Rosebud Sioux Reservation joined the Oglala Lakota and other Sioux nations in suing the federal government in a land claim for its taking of theBlack Hills in the late 19th century. In 1980 the case was heard by theUnited States Supreme Court, which agreed with the nations that the US had acted illegally in 1877. The US government offered financial compensation, which the Sioux have refused. They still demand the return of the land to their nation. The compensation fund is earning interest and has increased in value.
The tribe has suffered from terrible conditions at the IHS hospital. Because the IHS did not maintain standards, in November 2015 the federalCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) said it would no longer reimburse for services at the ER, as conditions were so poor. The ER was closed. For seven months, citizens on the reservation had no access to ER services. Five babies were born in ambulances en route to the nearest hospitals -50 miles away- and nine people died during emergency transport to other health facilities. CMS announced on July 14, 2016, that the emergency department would re-open the next day.[17]
On April 28, 2016, members of the Rosebud Indian Reservation announced they were suing the federal government for its closure of the only emergency room on its reservation, which is operated byIndian Health Services. The ER was closed because of conditions so poor that Medicaid (CMS) would not reimburse for its services. The ER had been closed for nearly five months, leaving people on the reservation without services. They have to travel 50 miles to reach another hospital.[18] The emergency department was re-opened after seven months on July 15, 2016.
While in Congress before 2018, former RepresentativeKristi Noem (R-South Dakota), now governor of South Dakota, authored legislation to improve conditions and staff at IHS facilities. She testified before Congress to gain support for the legislation.[17][needs update]
In December 2020, theJesuits returned 525 acres (212 ha) to the reservation. The scattered pieces had been given to them in the 1890s for religious use.[19]
The Rosebud Sioux Reservation has 20 communities represented on its tribal council:
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
43°17′40″N100°39′22″W / 43.29444°N 100.65611°W /43.29444; -100.65611
1 No reservation in the state, trust lands or legal status only |
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