| Rules | - Allen's ruleShorter appendages in colder climates
- Bateson's ruleExtra limbs mirror their neighbours
- Bergmann's ruleLarger bodies in colder climates
- Cope's ruleBodies get larger over time
- Deep-sea gigantismLarger bodies in deep-sea animals
- Dollo's lawLoss of complex traits is irreversible
- Eichler's ruleParasites co-vary with their hosts
- Emery's ruleInsect social parasites are often in same genus as their hosts
- Fahrenholz's ruleHost and parasite phylogenies become congruent
- Foster's rule (Insular gigantism,Insular dwarfism)Small species get larger, large species smaller, after colonizing islands
- Gause's lawComplete competitors cannot coexist
- Gloger's ruleLighter coloration in colder, drier climates
- Haldane's ruleHybrid sexes that are absent, rare, or sterile, are heterogamic
- Harrison's ruleParasites co-vary in size with their hosts
- Hamilton's ruleGenes increase in frequency when relatedness of recipient to actor times benefit to recipient exceeds reproductive cost to actor
- Kleiber's lawAn animals metabolic rate decreases with its size
- Hennig's progression ruleIn cladistics, the most primitive species are found in earliest, central, part of group's area
- Jarman–Bell principleThe correlation between the size of an animal and its diet quality; larger animals can consume lower quality diet
- Jordan's ruleInverse relationship between water temperature and no. of fin rays, vertebrae
- Lack's principleBirds lay only as many eggs as they can provide food for
- Rapoport's ruleLatitudinal range increases with latitude
- Rensch's ruleSexual size dimorphism increases with size when males are larger, decreases with size when females are larger
- Rosa's ruleGroups evolve from character variation in primitive species to a fixed character state in advanced ones
- Schmalhausen's lawA population at limit of tolerance in one aspect is vulnerable to small differences in any other aspect
- Thayer's lawThe top of an animals coloration is darker than the bottom
- Thorson's ruleNo. of eggs of benthic marine invertebrates decreases with latitude
- Van Valen's lawProbability of extinction of a group is constant over time
- von Baer's lawsEmbryos start from a common form and develop into increasingly specialised forms
- Williston's lawParts in an organism become reduced in number and specialized in function
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