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Roots (1977 miniseries)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1977 American TV miniseries
This article is about the 1977 miniseries. For the novel it is based on, seeRoots: The Saga of an American Family.

Roots
Promotional poster
GenreHistorical drama
Based onRoots: The Saga of an American Family
byAlex Haley
Written byAlex Haley
Screenplay by
Directed by
Starring
Theme music composer
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of episodes8 (re-edited to 6 for video)
Production
Executive producerDavid L. Wolper
ProducerStan Margulies
CinematographyStevan Larner, ASC
Running time45–90 minutes per episode
Production companiesWolper Productions
Warner Bros. Television
BudgetUS$6.6 million[1][2]
Original release
NetworkABC
ReleaseJanuary 23 (1977-01-23) –
January 30, 1977 (1977-01-30)
Related
Roots: The Next Generations

Roots is a 1977 Americantelevision miniseries based onAlex Haley's 1976 novelRoots: The Saga of an American Family, set during and after the era ofenslavement in the United States. The series first aired onABC in January 1977 over eight consecutive nights.

A critical and ratings success over the course of its run,Roots received 37Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won nine. It also won aGolden Globe and aPeabody Award. It received unprecedentedNielsen ratings for the finale, which holds the record as the third-highest-rated episode for any type of television series, and the second-most-watched overall series finale in American television history.[3][4]

A sequel,Roots: The Next Generations, first aired in 1979, and a second sequel,Roots: The Gift, a Christmas television film, starring LeVar Burton andLouis Gossett Jr., first aired in 1988. A related film,Alex Haley's Queen, is based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley, who was Alex Haley's paternal grandmother.

In 2016, a remake of the original miniseries,of the same title, was commissioned by theHistory Channel and screened by the channel onMemorial Day.

Plot

[edit]

Colonial times

[edit]

InThe Gambia,West Africa, in 1750,Kunta Kinte is born to Omoro Kinte, aMandinkawarrior, and his wife Binta. He is raised in aMuslim family.[5][6]When Kunta reaches the age of 15, he and other boys undergo a semi-secretive tribal rite of passage, under the Kintango, which includes wrestling,circumcision, philosophy, war-craft, and hunting skills.

Meanwhile, Captain Thomas Davies meets Vilars, the owner of a cargo ship namedLord Ligonier, and is given command of the vessel in order to trade goods between England, Africa and America. Only at the last minute is he informed that part of his cargo will consist of African slaves, to his dismay.

During the early voyage, Mr. Slater, First Deck Officer of the ship, pontificates to Davies about slavery. After learning that Slater is an expert in the field, having undertaken many similar voyages previously, Davies eventually grants him total authority and control over all procedures for ensuring their safe and secure passage to America.

When the ship docks in Africa, Slater introduces Davies to the trader and negotiator, Gardner, who is tasked with the capture or purchase of 170 Africans.

Back in Juffureh, while still in training, Kunta is instructed to catch a bird unharmed. The bird escapes from the safety of the training area, and during the chase, Kunta crosses paths with Gardner's small party of European slave hunters and their captives.

Shortly after his ceremonial return, while fetching wood outside his village to make a drum for his younger brother Lamin, Kunta is captured by Gardner and four black collaborators. He is then sold to aslave trader and placed aboard the slave ship for athree-month journey to Colonial America. The ship eventually leaves Africa with 140 Africans.

During the voyage, Kunta bonds with aYoruba wrestler who was part of his manhood training, as well as a Mandinka girl named Fanta whom he met shortly before his kidnapping. An insurrection among the human cargo fails to take over the ship, but results in the death of Mr. Slater, several crew members and several Africans, including the wrestler.

The ship eventually arrives inAnnapolis, Maryland, in 1767, with 98 Africans still living. The captured Africans are sold at auction as slaves. John Reynolds, a plantation owner fromSpotsylvania County,Virginia, nearFredericksburg, buys Kunta and gives him the Christian name Toby. Reynolds assigns an older slave, Fiddler, to teach Kunta English and train him in the ways of servitude. Although Kunta gradually warms up to Fiddler, he wants to preserve his Mandinka (and Islamic) heritage, and he defiantly refuses to eat pork or accept his Christian name.

Kunta makes several unsuccessful attempts to escape, first breaking his ankle chain with a broken tool blade he finds half buried in a field. After this attempt the overseer, Ames, gathers the slaves in the barn, and directs another slave, James, to whip Kunta until he acknowledges his new name "Toby." Fiddler comforts the bloody-backed Kunta and uses his Mandinka name for the first time, assuring him "there will be another day."

Late 18th century

[edit]

In 1776, the adult Kunta Kinte, still haunted by his Mandinka roots and desire for freedom, tries again to escape. He makes it to a nearby plantation where his boyhood friend Fanta is a slave, although he discovers after spending the night with her that she has turned away from her African name and heritage in the name of survival. A pair of slave-catchers track him there and hobble him by chopping off almost half his right foot with a hatchet. Exasperated, John Reynolds decides to sell Kunta, which will also settle a debt with his brother Dr. William Reynolds, the local physician. John also transfers several of his other slaves, including Fiddler, to William as well.

Bell, the cook for William's family, successfully treats both Kunta's mangled foot and wounded spirit. A trusted member of the Reynolds household, she arranges for Kunta to become Dr. Reynolds' driver. Eventually Kunta submits to a life of servitude, although he never entirely renounces Africa, his faith in Islam, nor his hope of returning home. He marries Bell, in a ceremony which includesjumping across a broom, although his talk of Africa frustrates her. Bell bears a daughter in 1790, to whom Kunta gives the name Kizzy, which means "stay put" in the Mandinka language (in hopes of ensuring that she will never be sold away). Fiddler continues to mentor Kunta, and dies an old man shortly after Kizzy's birth.

Turn of the 19th century

[edit]

An adulterous relationship between Dr. William Reynolds and John Reynolds' wife produces a daughter, Missy Anne, whom John believes is his own. Missy Anne and Kizzy become playmates and best friends despite the social confines of Southern plantation culture. Missy Anne secretly teaches Kizzy to read and write, a skill forbidden to slaves. In 1806, Kizzy falls in love with Noah, a spirited slave who attempts to flee North with a "traveling pass" forged by Kizzy from a pass given to her by Missy Anne.

Dr. Reynolds, although amiable and compassionate toward his slaves, regards the pass and escape to be such an egregious breach of trust that he separately sells both Noah and Kizzy, much to the horror of Bell and Kunta. Missy Anne, who had offered Kizzy a place as her companion and maid, watches dispassionately as Kizzy is dragged away. Tom Moore, a planter inCaswell County, North Carolina, with a sexual appetite for young female slaves, becomes Kizzy's new owner, and rapes her the night of her arrival and for many years thereafter. From these experiences, Kizzy becomes pregnant and gives birth to theirbiracial son George nine months after her arrival.

Early 19th century

[edit]

In 1824, the cheerful and confident George, under the tutelage of an older slave named Mingo, learns much aboutcockfighting. By direction of Moore, George takes over as the chief trainer, the "cock of the walk." George befriends Marcellus, a free black man, and fellow cockfighter, who informs him about the possibility of buying his own freedom. At the same time, he believes Moore to be a close friend.

Meanwhile, the adult Kizzy is wooed by Sam Bennett, a fancy carriage driver whose master is visiting the Moores. Seeking to impress Kizzy, he takes her for a short visit to her former home on Dr. Reynolds's plantation, in the hope that she can see her parents. Kizzy learns that Bell has been sold away and that Kunta died two years earlier. Kizzy sees her father's grave and his wooden marker; using a small stone, she scratches over the name Toby and writes below it "Kunta Kinte," and promises him that his descendants will be free one day.

In 1831, George realizes his master's true feelings when he and his family are threatened at gunpoint by Moore and his wife, as a result ofNat Turner's Rebellion. Although none of Moore's slaves are personally involved in the rebellion, they become victims of the paranoid suspicions of their master, so they start planning to buy their freedom, although Moore tells George he will never allow it. Kizzy finally tells George that Moore is his biological father.

George, having become an expert in cockfighting, earns for himself the moniker "Chicken George." Squire James, Moore's main adversary in the pit, arranges for a British owner, Sir Eric Russell, and twenty of his cocks to visit and to participate in the local fights. Moore eventually bets a huge sum on his best bird, which George has trained, but he loses and cannot pay.

Under the terms of a settlement between Moore and Russell, George goes to England to train cocks for Russell and to train more trainers and is forced to leave behind Kizzy, his wife Tildy, and his sons, Tom and Lewis. Moore promises to set George free on the latter's return and to keep the family together in his absence. However, a now-broke Moore then sells all of his remaining slaves except Kizzy.

Later in life, Kizzy and Missy Anne Reynolds meet by chance one last time. Missy Anne denies that she "recollects" a "darkie by the name of Kizzy." Kizzy then spits into Missy Anne's cup of water without Missy Anne realizing it.

The Civil War

[edit]

George returns in 1861, shortly before the start of theCivil War. He proudly announces that Moore, after some reluctance on Moore's part and some persuasion on George's part, has kept his word by granting George his freedom. He learns that Kizzy has died two months before, and that Tildy, Tom and Lewis now belong to Sam Harvey. Tom has become ablacksmith on the Harvey plantation and has a wife, Irene, and two sons.

George is welcomed warmly and learns that his relatives have spoken well of him during his absence. He further learns that according to a law in North Carolina, if he stays 60 days in that state as a freed slave, he will lose his freedom, so he heads northward, seeking the next stage in his career as a cockfighter and awaiting the end of the war, theemancipation of the slaves, and another reunion of his family. Meanwhile, Tom meets harassment at the hands of two brothers, Evan and Jemmy Brent.

While the war continues to its inevitable end, a hungry and destitute young white couple from South Carolina, George and Martha Johnson, arrive and ask for help, and the slave family take them in. George Johnson is given a job as overseer of the plantation, but has no experience with slaves and balks at the expectation that he mistreat them. Martha soon gives birth, but the child isstillborn. The couple stays on with Tom and his wife, becoming a part of their community.

Eventually, a month before the surrender by theSouth, Jemmy deserts the Confederate Army, and he shows up at Tom's blacksmith shop. Tom reluctantly runs an errand for him but, on returning, he finds Jemmy trying to rape Irene, and in the resulting fight Tom drowns him in the quenching tub. Later Evan, now an officer in the Confederatecavalry, arrives at the shop, demands to know about Jemmy, gets no answer, and angrily tells Tom that he has not yet finished with him.

Postwar

[edit]

After the war, the former owner of the farm Tom works on, Sam Harvey, is forced to surrender all of his property to Senator Arthur Justin, a local politician intent on acquiring as much land as possible. Under the terms of the surrender, his former slaves are allowed to stay on as sharecroppers, with eventual rights to own a part of the land. However, because no written deed has been filed, the senator deems the agreement void and imposes heavy debts on the black farmers as a legal pretext to keep them from leaving the county. He later gives oversight of the farm to Evan Brent, who reinstates George Johnson as overseer, believing whites should not farm alongside blacks.

One night, several local white men, led by Evan andwearing white hoods (made from fabric sacks from Evan's store) begin to harass and terrorize Tom, his family, and other members of his community. Tom emerges as the leader among his group, while tensions arise between the white Johnsons and Tom's brother Lewis. As the local blacksmith, Tom devises a horseshoeing method to identify the horses involved in the raids by the hooded men. But when Tom reports his suspicions and his evidence to the sheriff, who sympathizes with Evan and knows every member of the white mob, the sheriff tips off Evan.

Evan's mob leads another raid against Tom, during which Tom is whipped. George Johnson intervenes and reluctantly volunteers to whip Tom, in order to save his friend's life. Lewis emotionally reconciles with the Johnsons as the family treats Tom's injuries, unsure of their future. Chicken George then unexpectedly returns, raising the spirits of his relatives and friends, and begins to plot their next step. He reports that he has bought some land in Tennessee.

Using some cunning and deception of their own, the black farmers make preparations for their move away. The group eventually lures Evan and his gang to the farm and overpowers them, jubilantly departing for Tennessee. Chicken George and his group arrive on his land inHenning,Lauderdale County, Tennessee, to start their new life. Once there, George and Tom retell part of the story of Kunta Kinte in Africa to his (George's) grandchildren in Tennessee.

Cast

[edit]

Number in parentheses indicates how many episodes in which the actor/character appears.

Main cast

Also appearing

Production

[edit]

The miniseries was directed by Marvin J. Chomsky, John Erman, David Greene, and Gilbert Moses. It was produced by Stan Margulies.David L. Wolper wasexecutive producer. The score was composed byGerald Fried, andQuincy Jones for only the first episode. Many familiar white TV actors, such asEd Asner (fromThe Mary Tyler Moore Show),Chuck Connors (The Rifleman),Lorne Greene (Bonanza and laterBattlestar Galactica),Robert Reed (The Brady Bunch), andRalph Waite (The Waltons) werecast against type as slave holders and traders. ABC television executives "got cold feet" after seeing the brutality depicted in the series and attempted to cut the network's predicted losses by airing the series over eight consecutive nights in January in one fell swoop.[7] TheMuseum of Broadcast Communications recounts the apprehensions thatRoots would flop, and how this made ABC prepare the format:[8]

Familiar television actors like Lorne Greene were chosen for the white, secondary roles, to reassure audiences. The white actors were featured disproportionately in network previews. For the first episode, the writers created a conscience-stricken slave captain (Ed Asner), a figure who did not appear in Haley's novel but was intended to make white audiences feel better about their historical role in the slave trade. Even the show's consecutive-night format allegedly resulted from network apprehensions. ABC programming chiefFred Silverman hoped that the unusual schedule would cut his network's imminent losses—and getRoots off the air beforesweeps week.

— Encyclopedia of Television, Museum of Broadcast Communications

Musical score and soundtrack

[edit]
Roots: The Saga of an American Family
Soundtrack album by
ReleasedFebruary 1977
Recorded1977
GenreFilm score
Length27:41
LabelA&M
SP-4626
ProducerQuincy Jones
Quincy Jones chronology
I Heard That!!
(1976)
Roots: The Saga of an American Family
(1977)
Sounds...and Stuff Like That!!
(1978)

The majority of the miniseries' score, including the main "Mural" theme heard during the opening credits, was by veteran composerGerald Fried.Quincy Jones contributed music for the first episode, however, and he and Fried each earned an Emmy for their work on that installment.

An album titledRoots: The Saga of an American Family, featuring music from and inspired by the program and re-arranged and conducted by Jones, became a hit forA&M in 1977. The original soundtrack was released the following year.[9][10][11]

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusicStarStarHalf star[12]

In explaining the impetus for Jones' version,AllMusic critic Richard S. Ginell noted that the composer "has been threatening to write a long tone poem sketching the history of black music for decades now, and he has yet to do it. This project, rushed out in the wake of the 1977 TV miniseriesRoots, is about as close as he has come. A brief (28 minutes) immaculately produced and segued suite,Roots quickly traces a timeline from Africa to the Civil War, incorporating ancient and modern African influences (with Letta Mbulu as the featured vocalist), a sea shanty, field hollers and fiddle tunes, snippets of dialogue fromRoots actor Lou Gossett, and some Hollywood-style movie cues. ... Though some prominent jazzers turn up in the orchestra, there is not a trace of jazz to be heard. This is a timely souvenir of a cultural phenomenon, but merely a curiosity for jazz fans".[12]

Track listing

[edit]

All compositions by Quincy Jones except where noted.

  1. "Motherland" − 0:29
  2. "Roots Mural Theme" (Gerald Fried) − 2:12
  3. "Main Title: Mama Aifambeni" (Quincy Jones, Caiphus Semenya) − 0:59
  4. "Behold the Only Thing Greater Than Yourself (Birth)" (Jones, Semenya) − 1:30
  5. "Oluwa (Many Rains Ago)" (Jones, Semenya) − 2:28
  6. "Boyhood to Manhood" (Jones, Zak Diouf, Bill Summers) − 0:55
  7. "The Toubob Is Here! (The Capture)" − 1:01
  8. "Middle Passage (Slaveship Crossing)" − 1:15
  9. "You in Americuh Now, African" − 0:33
  10. "Roots Mural Theme Intro (Slave Auction)" (Fried) − 0:16
  11. "Ole Fiddler" (Lou Gossett Jr.) − 1:12
  12. "Jumpin' de Broom (Marriage Ceremony)" (Jones, Bobby Bruce) − 0:42
  13. "What Can I Do? (Hush, Hush, Somebody's Calling My Name)" (Jones, James Cleveland) − 2:16
  14. "Roots Mural Theme Bridge (Plantation Life)" (Fried) − 1:00
  15. "Oh Lord, Come By Here" (Jones, Cleveland) − 3:36
  16. "Ole Fiddler/Free at Last? (The Civil War)" (Gosset/Jones) − 2:24
  17. "Many Rains Ago (Oluwa) [African Theme/English Version]" (Jones, Semenya) − 4:53

Personnel

[edit]

Charts and certifications

[edit]
Chart (1977)Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[13]68
RegionCertificationCertified units/sales
United States (RIAA)[14]Gold500,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Reception

[edit]

The series received positive reviews. Review aggregator website,Rotten Tomatoes later rated it 76% "fresh" based on 32 reviews, with the critic's consensus stating "Roots may shave off the nuances of Alex Haley's landmark book for the sake of slicker storytelling, but excellent performances and the intrinsic power of this generational tale make for revelatory television."[15]Variety reviewed it positively, summarizing, "The production and performances are strong, with newcomer LeVar Burton effective as the African youngster trapped into slavery. Edward Asner, as he did inRich Man, Poor Man a year ago, dominates the screen in his opening scenes."[16] In 2023,Variety rankedRoots as the No. 10 greatest TV show of all time.[17]

Historical accuracy

[edit]
Further information:Roots: The Saga of an American Family § Historical accuracy

Broadcast history

[edit]

Episode lists

[edit]

Roots originally aired onABC for eight consecutive nights from January 23 to 30, 1977. In theUnited Kingdom,BBC One aired the series in six parts, starting with parts 1 to 3 over the weekend of April 8 to 11, 1977. The concluding three parts were broadcast on Sunday nights, from April 15 to May 1.[citation needed] The six-part version screened by the BBC was the version released on home video until the 2016 Blu-ray release.

Original run #Re-edited version #Approximate time periodFeatured Kintedescendant(s)
Kunta KinteKizzyChicken GeorgeTom Harvey
Part I (96m)1750–1767Yes
Part II (96m)1767–1768Yes
Part III (50m)Part III (90m)1776Yes
Part IV (50m)1780–1790YesYes
Part V (50m)Part IV (90m)1806YesYes
Part VI (99m)1824YesYes
Part V (90m)1841–1847YesYesYes
Part VII (50m)1861–1865YesYes
Part VIII (95m)Part VI (90m)1865–1870YesYes
No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal runtimeOriginal release date
1"Part I"David GreeneWilliam Blinn andErnest Kinoy2 hJanuary 23, 1977 (1977-01-23)
2"Part II"David Greene (First Hour)
John Erman (Second Hour)
Ernest Kinoy andWilliam Blinn2 hJanuary 24, 1977 (1977-01-24)
3"Part III"Marvin J. ChomskyJames Lee andWilliam Blinn1 hJanuary 25, 1977 (1977-01-25)
4"Part IV"Marvin J. ChomskyJames Lee andWilliam Blinn1 hJanuary 26, 1977 (1977-01-26)
5"Part V"Marvin J. ChomskyJames Lee1 hJanuary 27, 1977 (1977-01-27)
6"Part VI"Marvin J. Chomsky (First Hour)
Gilbert Moses (Second Hour)
M. Charles Cohen (First Hour)
James Lee andWilliam Blinn (Second Hour)
2 hJanuary 28, 1977 (1977-01-28)
7"Part VII"Gilbert MosesM. Charles Cohen1 hJanuary 29, 1977 (1977-01-29)
8"Part VIII"Marvin J. ChomskyM. Charles Cohen2 hJanuary 30, 1977 (1977-01-30)

U.S. television ratings

[edit]

The miniseries was watched by an estimated 130 million[18][19][20] and 140 million[21][22] viewers total (more than half of the U.S. 1977 population of 221 million—the largest viewership ever attracted by any type of television series in US history as tallied byNielsen Media Research) and averaged a 44.9 rating[21] and 66% to 80% viewer share[21] of the audience. The final episode was watched by 100 million viewers and an average of 80 million viewers watched each of the last seven episodes.[8] Eighty-five percent of all television homes saw all or part of the miniseries.[8] All episodes rank within thetop-100-rated TV shows of all time.[23][24]

EpisodeNielsen RatingsDate
All-time rankingHouseholds
(millions)
RatingShare
1Roots Part I#8228.8440.561%January 23, 1977
2Roots Part II#3231.4044.162%January 24, 1977
3Roots Part III#2731.9044.868%January 25, 1977
4Roots Part IV#3531.1943.866%January 26, 1977
5Roots Part V#2132.5445.771%January 27, 1977
6Roots Part VI#1832.6845.966%January 28, 1977
7Roots Part VII#5030.1242.365%January 29, 1977
8Roots Part VIII#336.3851.171%January 30, 1977

On February 16–18, 2013, in honor ofBlack History Month and the 36th anniversary ofRoots, cable networkBET aired bothRoots and its sequel miniseries,Roots: The Next Generations. Celebrating the 35th anniversary ofRoots, BET premiered the miniseries on a three-day-weekend showing in December 2012, which resulted in its being seen by a total of 10.8 million viewers, according toNielsen ratings, and became the number-oneRoots telecast in cable-television history. As for the BET network, its 35th-anniversary airing ofRoots became its best "non-tentpole" weekend in the network's history. On Sunday, October 18, 2015,TV One rebroadcastRoots in high definition.

Home media

[edit]

Warner Home Video, which released a three-disc 25th-anniversary DVD edition of the series in 2002,[25] released a four-disc (three double-sided, one single-sided) 30th-anniversary set on May 22, 2007.[26][27] Bonus features include a newaudio commentary by LeVar Burton, Cicely Tyson and Ed Asner, among other key cast members, "Remembering Roots" behind-the-scenes documentary, "Crossing Over: How Roots Captivated an Entire Nation" featurette,[28] new interviews with key cast members and the DVD-ROM "Roots Family Tree" feature.[29]

In 2016, Warner released a 40th anniversaryBlu-ray, restoring the eight-episode format, completely remastered from the original elements.[30]

The miniseries has also been released in thedigital format for streaming, although in the edited six-episode format.

Roots is not available onWarner Bros. Discovery's streaming service,Max.

Awards and nominations

[edit]

Accolades

[edit]
YearAwardCategoryNominee(s)ResultRef.
1977Golden Globe AwardsBest Series – DramaRootsWon
Best Actress – Drama SeriesLeslie UggamsNominated
Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Limited SeriesRootsWon[31]
Outstanding Directing for a Drama SeriesDavid Greene(for "Part I")Won
Marvin J. Chomsky(for "Part III")Nominated
John Erman(for "Part II")Nominated
Gilbert Moses(for "Part VI")Nominated
Outstanding Writing for a Drama SeriesErnest Kinoy andWilliam Blinn(for "Part II")Won
M. Charles Cohen(for "Part VIII")Nominated
James Lee(for "Part V")Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actor for a Single Appearance in a Drama or Comedy SeriesLouis Gossett Jr.(for "Part IV")Won
John Amos(for "Part V")Nominated
LeVar Burton(for "Part I")Nominated
Ben Vereen(for "Part VI")Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actress for a Single Appearance in a Drama or Comedy SeriesMadge Sinclair(for "Part IV")Nominated
Leslie Uggams(for "Part VI")Nominated
Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama SeriesEd Asner(for "Part I")Won
Moses Gunn(for "Part I")Nominated
Robert Reed(for "Part V")Nominated
Ralph Waite(for "Part I")Nominated
Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy or Drama SeriesOlivia Cole(for "Part VIII")Won
Sandy Duncan(for "Part V")Nominated
Cicely Tyson(for "Part I")Nominated
Outstanding Art Direction or Scenic Design for a Drama SeriesSolomon Brewer and Joseph R. JenningsNominated
Charles C. Bennett and Jan ScottNominated
Outstanding Cinematography for a SeriesStevan Larner(for "Part II")Nominated
Joseph M. Wilcots(for "Part VII")Nominated
Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama or Comedy SeriesJack Martell(for "Part I")Nominated
Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore)Quincy Jones andGerald Fried(for "Part I")Won
Gerald Fried(for "Part VIII")Nominated
Outstanding Film Editing for a Drama SeriesNeil Travis(for "Part I")Won
James T. Heckert(for "Part II")Nominated
Peter Kirby(for "Part III")Nominated
Neil Travis and James T. Heckert(for "Part VIII")Nominated
Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound EditingLarry Carow, George Fredrick, Colin Mouat, Larry Neiman, Dave Pettijohn, Paul Bruce Richardson, Don Warner(for "Part II")Won
Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound MixingRichard Portman, David M. Ronne, Don MacDougall, Curly Thirlwell(for "Part I")Nominated
Willie D. Burton, George Porter, Eddie Nelson, Robert L. Harman(for "Part IV")Nominated
Hoppy Mehterian, George Porter, Eddie Nelson, Arnold Braun(for "Part VII")Nominated
George Porter, Eddie Nelson, Robert L. Harman, Arnold Braun(for "Part VIII")Nominated

Remake

[edit]
Main article:Roots (2016 miniseries)

TheHistory channel produced aremake of the miniseries after acquiring rights fromDavid L. Wolper's son, Mark Wolper, and Haley's estate. The new eight-hour miniseries, with Mark Wolper as executive producer, drew on Haley's novel and the original miniseries albeit from a contemporary perspective.[32] It was additionally simulcast onLifetime andA&E.Will Packer,Marc Toberoff,Lawrence Konner andMark Rosenthal also serve as executive producers, with LeVar Burton and Korin Huggins as co-executive producers.[33]

The four-night event series premiered onMemorial Day, May 30, 2016. The ensemble cast includesForest Whitaker as Fiddler,Anna Paquin as Nancy Holt,Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Tom Lea,Anika Noni Rose as Kizzy,Tip "T.I." Harris as Cyrus,Emayatzy Corinealdi as Bell,Matthew Goode as Dr. William Waller,Mekhi Phifer as Jerusalem,James Purefoy as John Waller, introducesRegé-Jean Page as Chicken George andMalachi Kirby asKunta Kinte, withLaurence Fishburne asAlex Haley.[34]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"New Roots series expected to yield big bucks for ABC".Ottawa Citizen. February 20, 1979. p. 54. RetrievedFebruary 28, 2010.
  2. ^Courtis, Brian (February 19, 1979)."Roots...Second Time Around".The Age. p. 2. RetrievedFebruary 25, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  3. ^"Top 100 Rated TV Shows of All Time, TV By the Numbers". TV by the Numbers. Archived fromthe original on September 19, 2012. RetrievedNovember 17, 2012.
  4. ^Hyatt, Wesley (2012).Television's Top 100. US: McFarland. p. 167.ISBN 978-0-7864-4891-3. Archived fromthe original on March 26, 2011. RetrievedDecember 19, 2018.
  5. ^Thomas, Griselda (2014)."The Influence of Malcolm X and Islam on Black Identity".Muslims and American Popular Culture.ABC-CLIO. pp. 48–49.ISBN 9780313379635.
  6. ^Hasan, Asma Gull (2002)."Islam and Slavery in Early American History: TheRoots Story".American Muslims: The New Generation Second Edition.A&C Black. p. 14.ISBN 9780826414168.
  7. ^Bernstein, Jonathan (May 31, 2016)."Roots, episode 1, review: 'Brit actor Malachi Kirby is exceptional in this powerful remake'".The Telegraph.Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
  8. ^abcHorace Newcomb (ed.)."Museum of Broadcast Communications". Museum.tv. Archived fromthe original on December 11, 2012. RetrievedNovember 17, 2012.
  9. ^Eyries, P., Edwards, D. & Callahan, M.A&M Album Discography, Part 6: SP 4600-4699 (1976-1977), accessed February 2, 2018
  10. ^Burlingame, Jon;"Gerald Fried, Emmy Winner for ‘Roots’ and Composer for ‘Star Trek,’ ‘Gilligan’s Island,’ Dies at 95"; accessed March 29, 2023
  11. ^Discogs;Gerald Fried – Roots (The Official Original Sound Track Album Of David L. Wolper's Television Production Of Alex Haley's); accessed March 29, 2023
  12. ^abGinell, Richard S.. Roots: The Saga of an American Family – Review atAllMusic. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  13. ^Kent, David (1993).Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 161.ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  14. ^"American album certifications – Quincy Jones – ... Roots".Recording Industry Association of America.
  15. ^"Roots - Rotten Tomatoes".Rotten Tomatoes. RetrievedApril 6, 2023.
  16. ^"Roots". January 22, 1977.
  17. ^"The 100 Greatest TV Shows of All Time". Variety. December 20, 2023.
  18. ^Rich, Frank (February 18, 1979)."Television: A Super Sequel to Haley's Comet".Time. Archived fromthe original on September 5, 2007. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2010.
  19. ^"ABC Soard in Ratings With 'Roots' Sequel".Schenectady Gazette. February 24, 1979. p. 12. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2010.
  20. ^"110 million see 'Roots' video special".The Tuscaloosa News. March 1, 1979. p. 8. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2010.
  21. ^abc"'Roots' Ratings Dip".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. February 28, 1979. p. 29. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  22. ^Hanauer, Joan (February 28, 1979)."ABC Takes "Roots" Again".The Bryan Times. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2010.
  23. ^Gorman, Bill (May 21, 2009)."Top 100 Rated TV Shows of All Time". Archived fromthe original on September 19, 2012. RetrievedFebruary 17, 2010.
  24. ^"Nielsen Ratings: Top Programs of 1990-91"(PDF).University of Oregon. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on March 5, 2016. RetrievedJune 21, 2015.
  25. ^""ROOTS 25TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION" DVD FROM WARNER HOME VIDEO".Warner Bros. Burbank, CA:Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. November 7, 2001. RetrievedApril 9, 2018.
  26. ^Walker, David (June 2, 2007)."Roots - 30th Anniversary Edition".DVD Talk.Warner Bros. RetrievedMarch 9, 2018.
  27. ^Tucker, Ken (2007)."A new generation returns to Roots, Alex Haley's history-making slavery saga".Entertainment Weekly. RetrievedApril 9, 2018.
  28. ^Fields, Curt (October 5, 2007)."30 Years Later, 'Roots' Remains a Stirring Story".Washington Post. RetrievedApril 8, 2018.
  29. ^"For the First Time, Remastered HD 'Roots: The Complete Original Series' Coming to Blu-Ray + Digital HD".Shadow and Act. April 20, 2017. RetrievedApril 9, 2018.
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  31. ^Emmys.com list of 1977 Nominees & Winners
  32. ^Andreeva, Nellie (November 5, 2013)."History To Remake Iconic 'Roots' Miniseries".Deadline. PMC. RetrievedNovember 6, 2013.
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