Ronald Ulysses Swanson is a fictional character portrayed byNick Offerman in the political satire sitcomParks and Recreation. The character was created byMichael Schur andGreg Daniels with inspiration from a real-lifeLibertarian elected official. Offerman provided creative input, and aspects of his own personality were folded into the character. Despite the creators' intentions, NBC was initially reluctant to cast Offerman in the role, but the network finally agreed, five months later.
Swanson is the director of the Parks and Recreation Department ofPawnee, Indiana, and the immediate superior of the deputy directorLeslie Knope (Amy Poehler). He has adeadpan personality and actively works to make the government less effective. He despises interacting with the public and claims to not be interested in the lives of those around him, but he is shown to care for his colleagues and has particularly strong respect for Knope. He secretly performs as asaxophonist named Duke Silver and fronts a band called the Duke Silver Trio.
Offerman's portrayal of Swanson has received widespread critical acclaim. The character developed acult following and is widely considered thebreakout character of the series. He was described by some critics as one of the best characters in a comedy television series in decades, and his platonic relationship with Knope has been compared to that ofMary Richards andLou Grant inThe Mary Tyler Moore Show. For his performance as Swanson, Offerman won theTCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy.
Ron Swanson was created byParks and Recreation creatorsGreg Daniels andMichael Schur. While researching for the show in Burbank, Schur met a Libertarian elected official who favored as little government interference as possible, becoming an inspiration for some of Swanson's traits.[3][4] Swanson is also partially inspired by political appointees of former presidentGeorge W. Bush who were perceived to be opposed to the branch of government they were overseeing.[4]
Nick Offerman had some input into the character's creation,[5] and many aspects of the character were based on the actor's, such as the character's deadpan personality, which Offerman cultivated when he was alector.[6] Other aspects included his woodworking abilities[3][4] and experience instage combat andkabuki. Like Swanson, Offerman played the saxophone, but the writers were not aware of the fact when developing the character.[5] According to Offerman, NBC was initially reluctant to cast him as the character, despite Schur and Daniels' intentions. After the creators refused to find other actors for the role, the network finally acquiesced five months later.[7] Ron became more heavily involved inParks and Recreation's storylines during the second season, and Offerman largely credited Schur with the development of the character.[6]
Ron's second ex-wife, Tammy, was played by Offerman's wife, actress and comedianMegan Mullally.[4][6][8] Ron's hatred towards Tammy was established early in the creation of the character, and it was Schur who conceived the idea of casting Mullally, to which Offerman responded positively.[6]
In the first six seasons ofParks and Recreation, Swanson served as the director of the Pawnee City Department of Parks and Recreation, a role he had for six years when the series began.[9] In the first eleven episodes of theseventh season, in which the show is fast-forwarded to 2017, it is revealed that he had quit his job two years prior and started his own company called the Very Good Building Company. Inthe last two episodes of the seventh season, which partly takes place in the future, Swanson had resigned from the company, and Knope in turn made him the superintendent of Pawnee National Park.
Swanson is known for his deadpan personality[6] and adherence to many stereotypically masculine traits, like supposedly only having cried two times.[3][12][13] Being an extremely private person, he goes so far as to redact his birthday from government documents to keep others from holding parties for him.[14][15] He enjoys outdoor activities such as hunting, fishing, camping, and woodworking,[3][16][17] as well as eating breakfast foods and red meat.[18] He is also able to drink heavily without getting hungover and can chug an entire bottle of alcoholic beverages in one go.[17][19] Swanson lacks awareness about popular culture; in "Andy and April's Fancy Party", he only recognizesJulia Roberts as the "toothy gal fromMystic Pizza."[3][2]
As director of the Parks and Recreation Department, Swanson puts almost no effort into his job[20][21][22] and purposely hires people who are bad at their jobs, likeApril Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza) andAndy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), so they will slow down the government.[23][24][25] He believes that parks should beprivatized and run entirely by corporations for profit, and thus originally did not intend to help the deputy directorLeslie Knope (Amy Poehler) withthe park project. He is a strong advocate forsmall government and believes that the government model should be abolished.[26][27][28] He also despises talking to members of the public,[29][30][31] choosing to mount ashotgun on his desk to scare people away.[32]
He occasionally demonstrates himself as a good manager; although he has claimed to not be interested in the lives of those around him, he cares for them more than he does himself. In "The Bubble", afterChris Traeger (Rob Lowe) enacts numerous changes to the parks department that Swanson thought did not play to his staff's strengths, he makes a deal for Traeger to undo the changes after he has spent one more week interacting with the public.[33] Swanson develops anavuncular relationship with Andy Dwyer,[34][35][36] and pays for Dwyer's college course when he cannot afford it in "Smallest Park".[37] Despite sharing opposite views, Swanson gets along well with Knope, and the two share a strong mutual respect.[38][39][40] Swanson has stood up for Knope on multiple occasions,[41] such as in "Freddy Spaghetti", where upon learning about the auditors' plan to fire Knope, he refuses and offers her his job instead.[42][43]
Before the start ofParks and Recreation, Ron had two ex-wives, both of whom were named Tammy. Ron despises and fears both of his ex-wives, and they are among the few people who can break his usually unwaveringstoicism.[44][45] Nevertheless, Ron shares an extremely passionate sexual connection with his second ex-wife (Megan Mullally).[8][46][47] In "How a Bill Becomes a Law", Swanson meetsDiane Lewis (Lucy Lawless), the vice principal of a middle school.[48] In the season six series premiere "London", it is revealed that Lewis is pregnant, and the pair gets married.[49] Lewis subsequently gave birth to a baby boy named John, as revealed in "The Wall".[50]
Swanson secretly performs at out-of-town bars as a saxophonist named Duke Silver, which he keeps secret from his colleagues in Pawnee. He fronts a band called the Duke Silver Trio and has released such albums asMemories of Now,Smooth as Silver, andHi Ho, Duke.[51][52] His music is especially popular with older women, who find Duke Silver attractive.[51] Eventually, in the two-part season six finale "Moving Up", he publicly reveals his secret identity at the Unity Concert.[53]
The character of Ron Swanson received universal acclaim; he developed acult following and is widely considered the show'sbreakout character.[6][54][55] Joel Keller ofTV Squad called Swanson "one of the more inspired sitcom characters of the last decade",[56] and Geoff Berkshire ofVariety said that the character would "go down in TV history as one of the all-time comedy greats".[57] Gail Pennington of theSt. Louis Post-Dispatch called Nick Offerman "the funniest guy on TV".[58] During the second season,Alan Sepinwall called Swanson "easily the show's best creation so far",[59] and during the third season he wrote, "Swanson being both awesome and hilarious is something Nick Offerman and these writers can do in their sleep by now."[12] Sal Basile ofUGO Networks wrote, "How anyone can make Ron Swanson ofParks and Recreation likable is beyond us, but Offerman does it effortlessly. Before we knew it we couldn't wait to see Swanson's reactions to the slightest of problems."[60] While initially critical of the character at the start of the show,[61] by the second season, Matt Fowler ofIGN thought that the character had improved and became "an absolute stand-out in the series."[62]
Offerman was particularly praised for his subtle minimalism and facial expressions, particularly the use of his eyebrows.[63][64][65] Jonah Weiner ofSlate said Swanson "has regularly stolen his scenes" and that Offerman has "a gift for understated physical comedy",[45] and Steve Heisler ofThe A.V. Club said Offerman was not only funny but capable of expressing a surprising range of emotions.[8] The second-season episode "Ron and Tammy", which predominantly featured Ron and his second ex-wife, is widely considered one of the bestParks and Recreation episodes.[66][67] A quote from Swanson from "The Stakeout": "I was born ready. I'm Ron fucking Swanson," led fans and reviewers to call him "Ron Fucking Swanson."[21][68][69][70] Several reviewers have praised the platonic relationship between Swanson and Knope, which has been compared to that ofMary Richards andLou Grant inThe Mary Tyler Moore Show.[71][72] Josh Jackson ofPaste ranked him No. 2 in his list of the 20 Best Characters of 2011, saying: "In four seasons, Ron has become the standout in a cast of incredible characters, and already seems poised to join the elite list of TV’s greatest comedic characters."[73]
Fans created websites based on him, like "Cats That Look Like Ron Swanson",[74] and after Swanson misunderstood a turkey burger to be "a fried turkey leg inside a grilled hamburger", the food websiteEater created and posted a recipe for it.[75][76] An image of a fake Ron Swanson-themedBen & Jerry's ice cream was circulated online, to which the company responded positively.[77][78]
For his performance as Swanson, Nick Offerman received two nominations for aTCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy in 2010 and 2011, winning the latter withTy Burrell ofModern Family.[79][80] Offerman was also nominated for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy atEntertainment Weekly'sEWwy Awards in 2010.[81] Despite critical success, Offerman never received anEmmy Award nomination for his role. Several reviewers expressed particular surprise that he did not receive a nomination for the63rd Primetime Emmy Awards in 2011, which many considered the biggest snub of the season.[82][83][84][85] Amy Poehler in particular was outraged by Offerman's snub and said it was "a hot load of bullshit that [Offerman] didn't get nominated."[86] Multiple other actors, includingMichelle Forbes and Ty Burrell, stated that they believed Offerman should have been nominated, and Burrell added that Offerman deserved the nomination more than he did.[87][88]
