There are severalromanisation schemes for theMalayalam script, includingITRANS andISO 15919.
Typesetting Malayalam on computers became an issue with their spread in the late 20th century. The lack of diacritics on keyboards led to the adoption ofASCII only romanisation schemes. ASCII only schemes remain popular in email correspondence and input methods because of their ease of entry. These schemes are also called Manglish. The disadvantage of ASCII schemes is that letter case is meaningful, so that transliterated names may not be capitalised.
TheMozhi system of transliteration[1] is an unofficial system used to transliterateMalayalam, it can also be used forTamil. This system does not need the use of diacritics.Even though it has more elaborate scheme, Mozhi[2] is as follows:
aa i ii u uu R RRe E ai o O au Ll Lll am aHk kh g gh ngch chh j jh njT Th D Dh Nth thh d dh np ph b bh my r l vS sh s hL zh rr t
ITRANS is an ASCII scheme which does not use diacritics for transliteration to Latin script.
The "National Library at Kolkata romanisation" is one of the most widely usedtransliteration schemes in dictionaries and grammars ofIndo-Aryan languages andDravidian languages including Malayalam. This transliteration scheme is also known as '(American) Library of Congress' scheme and is nearly identical to one of the possibleISO 15919 variants. The scheme is an extension of theIAST scheme that is used for transliteration ofSanskrit.
ISO 15919 "Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters" is one of aseries of international standards forromanisation. It was published in 2001 and usesdiacritics to map the much larger set of consonants and vowels inBrahmic scripts to theLatin script.
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