 Title XI of the 1925 Roman Ritual which contains the rites of exorcism | |
| Original title | Rituale Romanum |
|---|---|
| Language | Latin |
| Published | 1614 byPope Paul V |
| Text | Roman Ritual atWikisource |
TheRoman Ritual (Latin:Rituale Romanum), also known as theRitual[1] is one of the officialliturgical books of theRoman Rite of theLatin Church of theCatholic Church. It contains all of the services that apriest ordeacon may perform; and are not contained in theMissale Romanum,Pontificale Romanum, orCaeremoniale Episcoporum, but for convenience does include some rituals that one of these books contains.
Since 1969, theRoman Ritual has been divided into different volumes by subject, for standard use in theLatin Church, yet priests and communities that celebrate pre-Second Vatican Council rituals still use the edition of 1952.
When ritual manual books first were written, theSacramentary in theWest and theEuchologion in theEast, they contained all of the bishops' and priests' parts for all rituals, not only forMass andDivine Liturgy, respectively, but for all of the otherSacraments,blessings, other rituals, and allsacramentals.[2]
The contents of theRoman Ritual andPontificale Romanum were in the Sacramentaries. In theEastern Churches this state of things still largely continues. In the West a further development led to the distinction of books, not according to the persons who use them, but according to the rituals for which they are used. TheMissal, containing the wholeMass, succeeded by theSacramentary. Some early missals included other rituals for the convenience of celebrants, but on the whole this later arrangement involved the need of other books to supply the non-Eucharistic rituals of theSacramentary. These books, when they appeared, were the predecessors of thePontificale Romanum andRoman Ritual. The bishop's functions, includingOrdination andConfirmation, filled thePontificale Romanum. The priest's functions, includingBaptism,Penance,Matrimony, andExtreme Unction, were contained in a variety of little handbooks that eventually theRoman Ritual replaced.[2]
ThePontificale Romanum emerged first. The book under this name, also known as the Pontifical of Egbert, occurs already in the eighth century. From the ninth there was a multitude of pontificals. For priests' functions there was no uniform book until 1614. Some of these functions were contained in the pontificals; often the principal ones were added to missals andbooks of hours. Then special books were arranged, but there was no uniformity in arrangement or name. Through theMiddle Ages a great number of handbooks for priests having the care of souls were written. Every local rite and almost every diocese had them; indeed many were compilations for the convenience of one specific priest or church. Such books had many titles:Manuale,Liber Agendarum,Agenda,Sacramentale, orRituale. Specimens of such medieval predecessors of theRitual are theManuale Curatorum of Roeskilde in Denmark (first printed in 1513; edited by J. Freisen, Paderborn, 1898), and theLiber Agendarum of Schleswig (printed in 1416; Paderborn, 1898). The book of Roeskilde contains the rituals for benediction of salt and water, Baptism, Matrimony, benediction of a house, visitation of the sick with Viaticum and Extreme Unction, prayers for the dead, funerals, prayers for pilgrims, benediction of fire on Holy Saturday, and other benedictions. The book of Schleswig has much of the Holy Week rituals, and those for All Souls, Candlemas, and Ash Wednesday. In both many rituals differ from the Roman forms.[2]
In the sixteenth century, while the otherliturgical books were being revised and issued as uniform standards, there was naturally a desire to substitute an official book for the varied collections. But the matter did not receive the attention of theHoly See for some time. First, various books were issued inRome with the idea of securing uniformity, but without official sanction.Albert Castellani in 1537 published aSacerdotale of this kind; in 1579 in Venice another version appeared thatGrancesco Samarino, Canon of theLateran Archbasilica arranged and which was re-edited in 1583 by Angelo Rocca. In 1586Giulio Antonio Santorio, Cardinal ofSt. Severina, printed a handbook of rituals for the use of priests, which, according toPope Paul V, "he had composed after long study and with much industry and labor" (Apostolicae Sedis). This book is the foundation of the currentRitual. On 17 June 1614,Paul V authorized the first edition of the officialRituale Romanum by theConstitutionApostolicae Sedis. In this, he pointed out thatClement VIII had already issued a uniform text of thePontificale Romanum and theCaeremoniale Episcoporum. "It remained", the Pope continued, "that the sacred and authentic rites of the Church, to be observed in the administration of sacraments and other ecclesiastical functions by those who have the care of souls, should also be included in one book and published by authority of theApostolic See; so that they should carry out their office according to a public and fixed standard, instead of following so great a multitude of Rituals".[2]
But, unlike the other books of theRoman Rite, theRitual has never been imposed as the only standard.Pope Paul V did not abrogate all other collections of the same kind or command only the use of his book. He stated: "Wherefore we exhort in the Lord" that it should be used. The result was that the old local rituals were never altogether abrogated. After the appearance of the Roman edition these others were gradually conformed to it. They continued to be used, but had many of their prayers and ceremonies modified to agree with the Roman edition. This applies especially to the rites ofBaptism,Holy Communion, the form ofabsolution, andExtreme Unction. The ceremonies also contained in theMissal (benediction ofholy water, the processions ofCandlemas andPalm Sunday, etc.), and the prayers in theBreviary (e. g. theOffice of the Dead) are necessarily identical with those ofPaul V'sRitual; these have the absolute authority of theMissal andBreviary. On the other hand, many nations preserved local customs for the celebration of the Sacrament ofMatrimony, visitation of the sick, special benedictions, processions, and sacramentals not found in the Roman edition and still printed in various diocesan rituals. It is then by no means the case that every priest of theRoman Rite used theRitual. Very many dioceses or provinces still had their local handbooks under the name ofRituale,Ordo Administrandi Sacramenta, etc., though all of these conformed to the Roman texts in the principal elements. Most contained practically all the rituals of the Roman edition, along with local additions or supplements.[2]
Pope Benedict XIV in 1752 revised theRoman Ritual, together with thePontificale Romanum andCærimoniale Episcoporum. His new editions of these three books were published by thebriefQuam ardenti of 25 March 1752, which quotedPope Paul V's constitution at length and was printed, as far as it concerns this book, in the beginning of theRitual. He added toPaul V's text two forms for giving thePapal blessing (V, 6 and VIII, 31). Meanwhile, a great number of additional blessings were added in an appendix. This appendix grew nearly as long as the original book. Under the titleBenedictionale Romanum it is often issued separately.Pope Leo XIII approbated aneditio typica published byPustet in Ratisbon in 1884.[2] In 1925, the Holy See under the authority ofPope Pius XI issued anothertypical edition of theRitual, which, as the decree of theSacred Congregation of Rites of 10 June 1925 explained, had been adapted to the norms and guidelines of theCodex Juris Canonici of 1917, and the revised rubrics of theMissal andBreviary.
The latesttypical edition of theRitual was published in 1952.[3]
With the advent of theSecond Vatican Council theRitual was divided into differentfascicles and revised, with each fascicle being published as a single volume from 1969 onward. They are prefaced with theological introductions and their translation intovernacular languages is overseen by theEpiscopal Conferences. The current authoritative Latin editions are:
The second section of theRitual, theBenedictionale, was also extensively revised and published in 1987 asDe Benedictionibus.
The Rite of Exorcism also underwent a series of revisions and was finallypromulgated in 1999 asDe exorcismis et supplicationibus quibusdam (Concerning Exorcisms and Certain Supplications).
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TheRituale Romanum is divided into ten "titles" (tituli). All, except the first, are subdivided into chapters. The first being called “Ultimum, Gh.” In each title (except I and X), the first chapter gives the general rules for the sacrament or function, while the others give the exact ceremonies and prayers for various cases of administration.[2]
TheAmbrosian Rite has its own ritual (Rituale Ambrosianum, published by Giacomo Agnelli at the Archiepiscopal Press,Milan).[2]
In theByzantine Rite, the contents of the ritual are contained in theEuchologion.[2]
TheArmenians have a ritual book (Mashdotz) similar to theRoman Ritual.[2]
Other churches not in communion with theHoly See have not yet arranged the various parts of this book[which?] in one collection. Nearly all theEastern Catholic Churches, however, now have ritual books formed on the Roman model.[2]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Ritual".Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.| Sacraments | |||||||||||
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