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Archdiocese of Tuam Archidioecesis Tuamensis Ard-Deoise Thuama | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Territory | Parts of countiesMayo,Galway andRoscommon |
| Ecclesiastical province | Province of Tuam |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 2,192 sq mi (5,680 km2) |
Population
|
|
| Information | |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Sui iuris church | Latin Church |
| Rite | Roman Rite |
| Established | Archdiocese since1152 |
| Cathedral | Cathedral of the Assumption, Tuam |
| Patron saint | St Jarlath |
| Secular priests | 103 (diocesan) 6 (Religious Orders) |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Leo XIV |
| Metropolitan Archbishop | Francis Duffy, Archbishop of Tuam |
| Vicar General | Dermot Moloney |
| Bishops emeritus | Michael Neary |
| Map | |
 | |
| Website | |
| tuamarchdiocese.org | |
TheArchdiocese of Tuam (/ˈtjuːəm/TEW-əm;Irish:Ard-Deoise Thuama) is aLatin Church ecclesiastical territory orarchdiocese of theCatholic Church located in westernIreland. The archdiocese is led by theArchbishop of Tuam, who serves aspastor of themother church, theCathedral of the Assumption andMetropolitan of theMetropolitan Province of Tuam. According to tradition, the "Diocese of Tuam" was established in the 6th century bySt. Jarlath. The ecclesiastical province, roughly co-extensive with the secularprovince ofConnacht, was created in 1152 by theSynod of Kells.
The incumbentOrdinary isFrancis Duffy.
TheProvince of Tuam, is one offour ecclesiastical provinces that together form theRoman Catholic Church in Ireland; the other provinces areArmagh,Dublin andCashel. The geographical remit of the province is confined to theRepublic of Ireland alone. Thesuffragansees of the Province are:
The Archdiocese extend fromAchill Island in the West to Moore parish on theRiver Shannon, a distance of 193 km (120 mi), and it the largest in the country. Geographically split north–south by the two lakes,Loughs Mask andCorrib, Tuam has pastoral charge of the largestGaeltacht area in Ireland and of six island parishes. It also contains the major pilgrimage centres ofKnock Shrine andCroagh.
The Kilmeen portion of Leitrim parish is surrounded by theClonfert diocese. Moore parish is surrounded by the dioceses ofClonfert,Ardagh and Clonmacnoise andElphin and includes an exclave ofClonfert. Both these parishes have been part of Tuam since medieval times. Shrule parish, now part ofGalway diocese, is nestled in the Tuam geographical area in the east of Lough Corrib. Originally, it belonged to the medieval Diocese of Cong. But in southConnemara, 'extraterritorial' enclaves alternate between Tuam and Galway in a patchwork pattern. This situation may be explained by a number of factors: Galway's late emergence as a diocese in 1831; the unusual topography of islands, inlets and lakes; and the late population settlements on Connemara. Also, there was the influence on Annaghdown diocese, stretching across Lough Corrib. A partial rectification took place in 1890 when Galway exchanged Killannin parish for parts ofCarraroe. This disturbance only formed a partial solution.
The present Archdiocese contains parts of countiesMayo,Galway andRoscommon, includingAchill Island, theAran Islands and the towns ofAthenry,Ballinrobe,Castlebar,Clifden,Claremorris,Tuam andWestport.
The 56parishes of Tuam archdiocese are organized into eightdeaneries:
| Parishes in the archdiocese of Tuam | |
|---|---|
| Deanery | Parish |
| Athenry[1] | An Cnoc Indreabhán [Inverin] |
| Annaghdown, Corandulla | |
| Árainn [Aran] | |
| Athenry | |
| Caherlistrane, Kilcoona | |
| Cummer & Kilmoylan | |
| Headford / Claran | |
| Lackagh | |
| Ballinrobe[2] | Ballinrobe |
| Clonbur and Cornamona | |
| Cong – Cross – The Neale | |
| Kilmaine | |
| Leenane, Finney | |
| Partry (Ballyovey) | |
| Robeen | |
| Roundfort (Kilcommon) & Robeen | |
| Castlebar[3] | Balla and Belcarra |
| Burriscarra-Ballintubber | |
| Castlebar | |
| Keelogues, Ballyvary | |
| Mayo Abbey | |
| Parke, Crimlin (Turlough) | |
| Claremorris[4] | Aghamore |
| Ballindine (Kilvine) | |
| Ballyhaunis (Annagh) | |
| Bekan | |
| Claremorris | |
| Crossboyne | |
| Knock | |
| Clifden[5] | An Cheathrú Rua [Carraroe] |
| Carna | |
| Clifden | |
| Inishbofin Island | |
| Letterfrack – Ballinakill | |
| Roundstone | |
| Dunmore[6] | Ballinlough (Kiltullagh) |
| Dunmore | |
| Glenamaddy | |
| Kilconly-Kilbannon | |
| Kilkerrin – Clonberne | |
| Milltown | |
| Williamstown (Templetogher) | |
| Tuam[7] | Abbeyknockmoy |
| Killererin | |
| Menlough-Skehana | |
| Moore – Clonfad | |
| Mountbellew – Moylough | |
| Tuam | |
| Westport[8] | Achill |
| Aughagower – Cushlough | |
| Clare Island & Inishturk | |
| Islandeady-Glenisland | |
| Kilmeena | |
| Louisburgh (Kilgeever) | |
| Newport | |
| Westport (Aughaval) | |
TheSee is maintained in theRoman Catholic Church, but was abandoned in theChurch of Ireland. Following an Act of Parliament of 1833, the See of the established church was merged with that of theDiocese of Killala and Achonry.
The pre-Reformation diocese at various moments absorbed other local episcopal sees deriving from Celtic monastic jurisdictions. Thediocese of Annaghdown was created c. 1179. Although not listed in Rathbreasail or Kells, Annaghdown diocese survived nonetheless for many centuries through monastic outreach fromAnnaghdown Abbey. Several 'bishops of Annaghdown', from 1189 to 1485, were systematically elected by its 'Cathedral Chapter' and, despite many counterclaims from Tuam, some were approved by Rome. In 1485, when the Wardenship of Galway was created, Annaghdown was formally united with Tuam byPapal decree, and some of its parishes,Claregalway,Moycullen andShrule, were formally attached to the new wardenship.
Thediocese of Mayo, though recognised officially in the Synod of Kells, was suppressed in 1202. However, bishops of Mayo were continued to be appointed as late as the 16th century. One of its bishops,Patrick O'Hely, who died in 1589, is numbered among the Irish martyr saints. The diocese was formally joined to Tuam by Papal decree in 1631.
Even after the Synod of Kells, a multiplicity of abbeys had pastoral care for the people in their surroundings. With the despoliation of the monasteries and the scarcity of priests during penal days, old churches were abandoned. When they were replaced, it was with miserable thatched shelters. House 'stations' were a necessary substitute for normal public worship.
Ireland's political scene and ecclesiastical was changed permanently by the coming of theNormans and the influence of the English Crown. With theEnglish Reformation, church property was forfeited by the state and transferred to the official state religion – theChurch of Ireland. Although only a winning over a minority of the people, despite the many political and economic advantages offered by conversion to the state religion, all subjects of the Crown were obliged, in their taxes to support the official state church. Additionally, thePenal Laws sought to curb or altogether extinguish the practice of the Roman Catholic religion amongst the majority population of the Archdiocese.
In 1825, Archbishop Kelly testified before aHouse of Commons Committee of enquiry that out of 107 places of worship in the diocese, only eighteen had slated roofs. The others, he said, were thatched and wretched, insufficient to contain the congregations, and in many instances the public prayers were celebrated in the open air. The chapels were also used as Sunday schools, and a great many were used on weekdays as the local school.
As persecution abated, and as priests became more plentiful, a new confidence grew and the small thatched buildings were superseded by more solid, ample structures. Only two of the existing churches in the diocese predate 1800 - the abbeys ofBallyhaunis andBallintubber. But from 1820 onwards, a phenomenal rate of construction began. Twenty of the 135 existing churches were constructed in the Famine years, 1840–1850. The pattern of church replacement or reconstruction continued to modern times. Modern church architecture is rare in Tuam diocese, as most churches predate modern times. The four special chapels constructed at Knock Shrine, including the Basilica, since 1972 are, however, of special importance.
In 1800 there were no more than one hundred priests in the archdiocese. The number grew steadily to 170 about 1968; despite the fact that the population dropped to less than 30% of what it was before the Famine. In 1986, the figure attending Mass in the archdiocese was approximately 75% of the whole Catholic population, or 89% of those obliged to attend Mass. This has decreased by approximately 10% in recent years. A major survey of the diocese carried out in 1996 found that the pattern of the population decline is still continuing; nowadays, however, that decline continues through out-migration to the eastern part of Ireland, but with the same deleterious effects on the west.
As of 2016, there were 103 priests in the archdiocese, with 69 over the age of 60 and 20 over the age of 80.[9]
In the 19th century, Tuam had a late start in primary education as Archbishop McHale had a great antipathy to theNational School Education Acts. In nine rural areas were proselytism was a problem, he had theThird order of St.Francis of Assisi provide schools, but, on the whole, primary education was patchy. There was still much reliance on pay-schools and the efforts of local people, or on landlords, benign or otherwise. Religious-run schools were confined largely to the towns. In the 20th century, however, Tuam diocese, under Archbishop Walsh, was to the fore in the provision of secondary schools, especially in the twenty-year period before 1967, when the State made building grants and free post-primary education available. Two extra diocesan colleges were established as well as nine co-educational schools in small towns throughout the diocese, the latter managed by religious, usually in conjunction with priests of the diocese. As a result, a whole generation of pupils had the advantage of secondary education and avoided emigration as a result.
Knock Shrine is the largest pilgrimage centre in Ireland, attracting pilgrims from all over the world with almost one million pilgrims per annuum.
Documentary evidence associatingCroagh Patrick, or 'The reek', as it is affectionately known, with St Patrick's forty days of fasting there, goes back at least to the 7th-century account of Bishop Tirecha'n. The traditional pilgrimage is mentioned in several documents from 1300 and it is certain that the pilgrimage extends back at least one thousand years.
Ballintubber Abbey,County Mayo, founded in 1216, is unique in that it is the oldest medieval parish church in Ireland still in use.
In 1989, Tochar Phadraig, the 22-mile walking pilgrimage along the traditional pilgrim route used by St Patrick from Ballintubber toCroagh Patrick, was restored.[10]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Tuam".Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
53°30′54″N8°50′51″W / 53.5149°N 8.8476°W /53.5149; -8.8476
