 Romani in Kosovo according to the estimation of the UN-mission in 2005 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Pristina,Gjakova,Ferizaj,Vushtrri,Kosovo Polje,Mitrovica andPeja | |
| Languages | |
| Balkan Romani,Albanian,Serbian | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity,Islam |
Romani people in Kosovo (Albanian:Romët në Kosovë) are part of the widerRomani people community, the biggest minority group in Europe. Kosovo Roma speak theBalkan Romani language in most cases, but also the languages that surround them, such asSerbian andAlbanian. In 2011 there were 36,694 Romani, Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians living in Kosovo. However, the minorities are unrelated to each other and were only put together based on appearance.
Many Romani were targeted by theKosovo Liberation Army along withSerbs during theKosovo War as they were considered to be allied withSerbs andSerbian national interests. Romani in Kosovo are much depleted from their former numbers, and have been in both stationary and nomadic residence there since the 15th century. The Kosovo Liberation Army were reported to have expelled 50,000 Romani from Kosovo, forcing them to take refuge incentral Serbia,[1] but many of them have since returned to Kosovo.[2]
As in other parts of the Balkans, the denomination of Romani has always been subject to outside pressure. In the official census, the label Romani is used officially by the state.
Serbian Romani:
| Polylingual:
| Albanian Romani:
| Other:
|
Four seats in theAssembly of Kosovo are reserved for parties representing the Romani, Ashkali and Balkan Egyptian communities.[3]
Formal education is of a poor standard, especially among women, due both to native beliefs that formal education is unnecessary, and to discrimination in education in the formal schools who are ill-equipped for the needs of Romani children.Serbianising andAlbanizing tendencies have also led to the Romani sliding from the educational mainstream. Third-level education is not attained by the majority of Roma.
Following the cessation of theKosovo war in June 1999 and the subsequent return of ethnic Albanians from abroad, approximately four fifths of Kosovo's pre-1999 RAE population had been expelled from their homes.[4] Many Kosovo Albanians regarded the Roma as having collaborated with the Yugoslav Army. Roma were claimed to have assisted the Serbian police in plundering Albanian homes and shops to supply the military action, and in burying the Albanian dead. According to Roma accounts, the Yugoslav authorities coerced them into providing assistance.[5] Many Roma were also recruited into the Yugoslav Army to "help terrorise Albanians" and Roma homes were marked with an "R" on their doors to distinguish them from Albanian houses when the Serbian paramilitaries arrived to plunder.[6]
Albanians regarded these acts as further evidence that Roma had allied themselves with the enemies of the Albanian nation, and thus many Roma were targeted by the returning Albanians.[5][7] The departure of the Yugoslav army and police was followed by a series of "retaliatory attacks". By June 1999, the Romani mahala of Mitrovica was burned down and the inhabitants fled. Around 3,500 Roma took shelter in a school inKosovo Polje following threats and the Roma community ofGjakova were warned to leave their homes. The Romani quarter ofBrekoc in Gjakova andArbanë inPrizren were also burned down.[8] German KFOR troops also discovered 15 severely beaten Roma, accused of taking part in looting and collaborating with the Serbs, in a police office in Prizren that was being used by theKLA as a prison.[5][9] 5,000 displaced Roma gathered in a KFOR built camp inObiliq where they were subject to insults and attacks by Albanians.[5]
Romani in Kosovo today live in constant fear of further ethnic unrest. Romani displaced in North Kosovo are today housed in lead-infested camps inNorth Mitrovica.[10] There is ongoing campaign for rehousing and proper health provisions for the families affected, and a fatality estimate ranges from 27 to 81.
Today, persecution of members of these Roma communities continues, manifested in their systematic exclusion from access to fundamental human rights. Racial discrimination against RAE communities in Kosovo is pervasive, depriving tens of thousands of their dignity. Anti-Gypsy sentiment among the ethnic Albanian majority is widespread. Today, RAE and others considered Gypsies in Kosovo live in a state of pervasive fear, fostered by routine intimidation, verbal harassment, and periodic racist assaults.[5]
— German Law Journal analysis on the status of the Roma
ReturningIDPs were housed by UNMIK in North Mitrovica in a lead mine site, and 27 died oflead poisoning.
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