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2Blades is an agriculturalphytopathology non-profit^[1][2] which performs research to improve durablegenetic resistance in crops,^[3][4][5] and funds other researchers to do the same. 2Blades was co-founded by Dr. Roger Freedman and Dr. Diana Horvath^[6] in 2004.^[7]

2Blades is partly funded by theGatsby Charitable Foundation^[3][8] does its research atThe Sainsbury Laboratory,^[9][10] among other locations^[which?].^[10] One co-founder, Chairman Roger Freedman also works for Gatsby, which was founded byLord David Sainsbury.^[11] Freedman had pitched an idea to Sainsbury'sventure capital company to begin investing inplant genetic engineering technologies, and although the board did so, they found someone else to lead it.^[12] Freedman had wanted to run it, but was told that was not for him by Sainsbury.^[12] Indeed, soon thereafter Sainsbury set up another early investment company specifically for Freedman and a colleague, and a separate non-profit for Freedman togrant money, both for plant science.^[12] The non-profit was 2Blades.^[12]

2Blades routinely works in partnership with othercrop disease organizations likeCIMMYT^[4] andBGRI.^[13] The foundation also conducts research in partnerships with the industry, including withBayer CropScience^[14][15][16] andMonsanto.^[17] The organisation's End the Blight campaign has been joined by CIP (theInternational Potato Center)^[18] and Chairman of Joseph P. Kennedy EnterprisesChristopher Kennedy. This campaign is advancing research and deliveringcultivars specifically forPhytophthora infestans in Africa. Mr Kennedy is chairman of 2Blades African Potato Initiative which is funding the delivery of aVictoria-based cultivar toEast African markets.^[19]

Crops andpathogens of research interest to the foundation includeP. infestans onpotato,^[20]rye,^[21]Phakopsora pachyrhizi onsoybean,^[14][17]Puccinia graminis f. sp.tritici onwheat,^[22] andFusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense onMusa spp.^[23]

• Freedman, Roger Prester (23 October 1969).Some features of the structure and function of the genetic elements of bacteriophages (PhD). University of CambridgeLaboratory of Molecular Biology. p. 165. (ISNI0000000134837464). BLDSC number: D1141/71. Jisctextill. BLEThOS IDuk.bl.ethos.455951
• Horvath, Diana (1991).Investigation of the MerR and PcoR metalloregulatory proteins: Molecular mechanisms of mercury and copper signal transduction and transcriptional activation (Thesis).Northwestern University.
• Schornack, Sebastian; Moscou, Matthew J.; Ward, Eric R.;Horvath, Diana M. (2013-08-04). "Engineering Plant Disease Resistance Based on TAL Effectors".Annual Review of Phytopathology.51 (1).Annual Reviews:383–406.doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102255.ISSN 0066-4286.PMID 23725472.
• Dangl, Jeffery L.;Horvath, Diana M.; Staskawicz, Brian J. (2013-08-15)."Pivoting the Plant Immune System from Dissection to Deployment".Science.341 (6147).American Association for the Advancement of Science:746–751.Bibcode:2013Sci...341..746D.doi:10.1126/science.1236011.ISSN 0036-8075.PMC 3869199.PMID 23950531.S2CID 206548210.

• "Corrections and Clarifications".Science.341 (6151).American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1175. 2013-09-12.doi:10.1126/science.341.6151.1175-a.ISSN 0036-8075.

• Luo, Ming; Xie, Liqiong; Chakraborty, Soma; Wang, Aihua; Matny, Oadi; Jugovich, Michelle; Kolmer, James A.; Richardson, Terese; Bhatt, Dhara; Hoque, Mohammad; Patpour, Mehran; Sørensen, Chris; Ortiz, Diana; Dodds, Peter; Steuernagel, Burkhard; Wulff, Brande B. H.; Upadhyaya, Narayana M.; Mago, Rohit; Periyannan, Sambasivam; Lagudah, Evans;Freedman, Roger; Lynne Reuber, T.; Steffenson, Brian J.; Ayliffe, Michael (2021-01-04)."A five-transgene cassette confers broad-spectrum resistance to a fungal rust pathogen in wheat"(PDF).Nature Biotechnology.39 (5).Nature Research:561–566.doi:10.1038/s41587-020-00770-x.ISSN 1087-0156.PMID 33398152.S2CID 230508442. PDORCID0000-0003-0620-5923GSN3w9QUUAAAAJRIDD-1181-2009. RFISNI0000000134837464.

• "A five-transgene cassette confers broad-spectrum resistance to a fungal rust pathogen in wheat".Nature Portfolio Bioengineering Community. 2020-12-09. Retrieved2021-07-02. PDORCID0000-0003-0620-5923GSN3w9QUUAAAAJRIDD-1181-2009. RFISNI0000000134837464.
• Oadi N. Matny, Mehran Patpour, Ming Luo, Liqiong Xie, Soma Chakraborty, Aihua Wang, James A. Kolmer, Terese Richardson, Dhara Bhatt, Mohammad Hoque, Chris Sorenson, Burkhard Steuernagel, Brande B. H. Wulff, Narayana Upadhyaya, Rohit Mago, Sam Periyannan, Evans Lagudah,Roger Freedman (ISNI0000000134837464), Lynne Reuber, Brian J. Steffenson, and Michael Ayliffe, A Wheat Multi-Transgene Cassette Provides Stem and Leaf Rust Resistance in the Field. In Plant and Animal Genome XXVIII Conference (January 11-15, 2020). PAG.

• Official website:"2Blades Foundation Home".2Blades Foundation. 2021-02-08. Retrieved2021-06-05.

• Phytopathology
• Wheat diseases
• Agronomy
• Plant breeding
• Genetic engineering and agriculture
• Genetic engineering in the United Kingdom
• Science and technology in Norfolk

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