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| Tournament information | |
|---|---|
| Sport | Robot competition |
| Location | Shenzhen,Guangdong,China |
| Established | 2015 |
| Administrator | RoboMaster Organizing Committee |
| Host(s) | DJI |
| Venue(s) | Shenzhen Bay Sports Center |
| Participants | University students |
| Website | robomaster.com |
RoboMaster (Chinese:机甲大师;pinyin:Jījiǎ Dàshī) is an annual intercollegiaterobot competition held inShenzhen,Guangdong, China. First started in 2015, it is the brainchild of DJI's founder and CEOFrank Wang,[1] and jointly sponsored by theCommunist Youth League Central Committee, the All-China Students' Federation (ACSF) and the Shenzhen City Government.[2] It is the firstshooting sport-style robotics competition in China.
RoboMaster is one of the four major robotics competitions under the China University Robot Competition (Chinese:全国大学生机器人大赛) banner, along withRobocon, ROBOTAC and the Robot Start-ups Competition. It currently includes four sub-competitions — the RoboMaster Robotics Competition, the RoboMaster Technical Challenge, theICRA RoboMaster AI Challenge, and the new RoboMaster Youth Tournament.
The competition's idea began in 2013 as a small-scale internal competition held inside DJI's headquarter office with a makeshift racecourse, a chance for engineers to blow off steam while still working on technology core to the company business.[3] It later integrated with asummer camp for university students, with only 24 participants, who were tasked to achieve autonomous movingtarget shooting usingcomputer vision. In 2014, this summer camp grew to 100 students, who were challenged to improve and upgrade prior technical designs via a series of 4-on-4robot shooting matches. This was the foundation of the later RoboMaster competition.
In 2015,Robomasters was first launched as a robotics competition. This competition introduced a confrontational 5-on-5MOBA-stylerobot combat to the world for the first time, and over 3,000 university students all overMainland China participated. In 2016, in order to improve the technical quality and competition experience, the organizing committee developed a new-generation robot referee system, and required each teams to have 6 units featuring 1 Hero, 3 Standard, 1 Base and 1 Aerial robots in their lineup in the 2nd Robomasters competition. This is also the first year Robomasters included teams from outside Mainland China, with universities fromHong Kong,Macao andTaiwan participating.
On September 29, 2017, the competition was officially renamed toRoboMaster, upgraded to 7 robots per team, and developed into a competition that demands the comprehensive skills involving all science and engineering disciplines. In addition, RoboMaster also added the Technical Challenge series, and co-hosted with theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) the first IRCA AI Challenge inSingapore.
In 2018, the 4th RoboMaster Robotics Competition added extra technical requirements for features such as the loading and launching mechanism requirements for Sentry and Aerial robots, and focused heavily on training practical engineering personnels, attracting nearly 200 global teams. In the same year, DJI held the 2nd ICRA AI Challenge in Australia, focusing on robotics academic research.[2]
In 2019, the RoboMaster competition sports a total prize pool of 3,750,000RMB (US$600,000),[2] with 500,000 RMB (US$75,000) for the winning team. In addition to the prize money, winners can achieve celebrity status among the 6 million fans who watch livestream online. According to DJI's CEO Frank Wang, RoboMaster is his passion project for engineers "to have a stage, a competition, to become loved by lots of people, to show their wisdom, show their precision", and the tournament was designed to "make superstars out ofnerdy college students", and in doing so, boost interest in the field of robotic engineering. By sponsoring a popular competition, DJI can also set itself up to be the default industrial platform, as almost every major robotics program at Chinese universities now use DJI's infrastructure.[3][4]
The 2020 competition was cancelled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, while competitions were also impacted by the pandemic, some did occur across China, in addition to the first North American RoboMaster University League competition held at theTexas A&M University campus inCollege Station, Texas.[5] The North American competition included 1v1 and 3v3 events. A union team of RoboX fromPennsylvania State University and Telpochcalli ofTecnológico de Monterrey was named champions of the 2021 1v1 North American competition, and ARUW from theUniversity of Washington was champion of the 2021 3v3 North American competition.[6][7]
TheRoboMaster Robotics Competition (Chinese:机甲大师对抗赛, "RoboMaster confrontational competition"), also called theRoboMaster FPS Competition in English, is RoboMaster's main eventrobot combat tournament, reported to be "the world's biggest, most complex and completely over-the-top student robotics competition" byThe Verge,[8] and has attracted the interest of hundreds of colleges/universities, nearly 1,000 tech companies/organizations and tens of thousands of robotics enthusiasts around the world. Unlike the Westerngladiator-stylesingle/battle royalmelee seen inRobot Wars orBattleBots, the RoboMaster battles focus primarily on ranged attacks,[4] featuring two opposing teams (red vs. blue) ofrover-like roboticUGVs (initially 5 units, increased to 7 units including aUAV in later years) engaged inco-op skirmish battles similar to a multiplayerfirst-person shooter (FPS) video game. The competition is held in an innovativee-sports match presentation aimed to create spectacles for the crowd and make the confrontation more intuitive and intense.[9]
The competition isweb-streamedlive on its official website, and on various video streaming platforms such asYouku Sports,Tencent Video/QQLive andBilibili, as well as onTwitch for international audiences. In 2019,augmented reality features were added to provide live streaming audience with additional information such as floatinghealth bars for each robot,real-timemini-map and energy/ammo status for drones.
The RoboMaster matches focus on the ability to apply and practise comprehensive knowledges in science and engineering disciplines, and require the participating members to fully integraterobotics disciplines such asmachine vision,embedded system,mechanical engineering,inertial navigation andhuman–computer interaction, etc. The participating teams are required to independently design and build robots with different tactical roles, eachremotely controlled by a team member. Automatedtarget acquisition (i.e. "aimbot") are not only allowed but ratherencouraged, because the teams that can programme better and faster targeting software are simply proving themselves to be superior engineers and thus should rightfully have a technical advantage over their opponents. Onlyelectric andpneumatic power sources (<20 MPa) are allowed for the robots, andinternal combustion,explosives andhazardous chemicals are banned. Robot weight, dimensions,power output andmuzzle velocities are strictly regulated to prevent competitors gaining unfair advantages by merely having access to buy better components.
Mecanum wheels is a ubiquitous feature found on all ground robots, primarily due to thegameplay need for agility andtacticalflexibility. Other than the Engineer robot, every competing robot is equipped with aprojectile launcher that uses two motor-driven wheels to propel 17 mm (0.67 in) or 42 mm (1.7 in) plastic balls like asquash ball machine. Each robot is also equipped with an armor system with frequency-sensitivepressure sensor plates (provided by DJI) installed on itschassis, which detectprojectile impacts.Real-time impact data arewirelesslystreamed to a centralized referee system, which will registerhealth point (HP) deduction suffered by the hit robot. A robot will become offline and deactivated ("destroyed") if its HPs are completely depleted, but can be "revived" if a friendly Engineer retrieves it back to the regeneration area at its own Base. All the robots can only carry a limited volume of projectiles within their onboardhoppers, and need to periodically go back to the Base's supply point for reloading. The heavier 42 mm projectiles will register 10 times more damage than the standard 17 mm ones, but can only be collected at an elevated "resource island" in the center of the arena (accessible only by the Engineer). To discourageweapon spamming, each projectile launched by a robot is regarded to slightly "heat up" its gun, and prolonged shooting will "overheat" and cause health damage to itself. If a robot occupies a designated defensive position on the field known as "Outpost" (Chinese:前哨站), it will receive a cover bonus that halves the damage suffered and a "cooling" bonus that triples its recovery rate from weapon "heating". During the match, the robots that survive longer and score more effective hits can also accumulateexperience points and achieveleveling-ups to further increase its combat power. The robots can also complete on-field tasks — typically by shooting a spinningelectronic targets known as thePower Rune (Chinese:能量机关) — and activate various minute-longpower-ups to give its own team tactical advantages.
Accidental collision of the sensor plate with other objects will result in a slight HP deduction, butramming is considered an illegal attack. Deliberate entanglement, restraining or obstruction of an opponent robot's movements and reloading procedures is also consideredfoul play, and perpetrator will be penalized. Depends on the severity of the offense, the penalty can vary from direct verbal warning by referees in the control room, the team's control interface being blacked out for 3 seconds, HP deduction,dismissal of the perpetrator, or evenforfeiting the game.
The RoboMaster robots come in the following tactical types:
Each team's Base building (designated #8) istetrahedron-shaped with six sensor plates — three on the top, three at the sides. It starts off with three protective shields completely concealing the side sensors, making it impervious to alldirect fire attacks from ground level, and can only suffer HP damage if the top sensors are hit from above (by a dronestrafing run, or a high-archinglobbing attack). The Base building is also protected by a regenerable "virtual shield", which offers 50 HPs of additional protection against short bursts of light projectile attack (until "overwhelmed" by prolonged attack, or hit by a heavy projectile) and recovers fully if receiving no attack for 10 seconds, but loses 50% defensive capability (25 HPs) once any friendly robot is lost on the field. If the Sentry robot is destroyed, the protective shields covering the side sensors are fully lowered and the "virtual shield" also disappears, and the Base becomes completely vulnerable to all projectile damage. The Base is deemed "destroyed" when its HP is reduced to zero.
When a team manages to destroy the enemy base, theycapture the flag and achieves asudden death victory. If neither team manages to destroy the enemy Base at the end of the round, the team with the highest remaining Base HP wins. If both Base HPs are the same, then the team that inflicted on the opponents higher overall HP damages wins. If the Base HPs and inflicted damages are the same, then the team with the higher overall remaining HPs wins. If everything is the same, then the match is considered a draw. In the elimination stage, where there must be a clear winner for match, anovertimetiebreaker round will be played if needed.
The competition takes place in two stages — the preliminaryregional stage (Chinese:分区赛) and thefinal stage (Chinese:总决赛).
In the regional stage, the tournament uses around-robin format like asoccer league, held at the campus of a nominated university in each group region. Each match consists of two 7-minute skirmish games with3 points rewarded for winning both games, 1 point for winning just one game, or 0 points for failing to win either game (draws and losses are both regarded as "failing to win"). The university teams fromMainland China are categorized into three regional groups — "North", "Central" and "South", and the top 8 teams from each group (can change depending on the actual number of teams participating in the group that year) will automatically qualify for the next stage. The next 4 teams from each Mainland group will have to compete in a 12-team "revival stage" (Chinese:复活赛) to produce four extrawildcard qualifiers. Teams outside Mainland China (Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, United States, Canada, etc.) are categorized as one "International" group, and will also go round-robin to produce the 4 qualifying teams. The regional stage will produce a total of 32 playoff teams to advance to the final stage.
The final stage is held annually in theShenzhen Bay Sports Centre as five rounds ofsingle-elimination tournament, where abest-of-three (for the first 3 rounds, 28 matches in total) or abest-of-five format (for semifinals,third place playoff andchampionship match, 4 matches in total) applies.[10]
TheRoboMaster Technical Challenge (Chinese:机甲大师单项赛, "RoboMaster single-event competition") is derived from and is held concurrently with the RoboMaster Robotics Competition, but focuses on academic research in specific fields of robotics, and aims to encourage in-depth exploration of technology, cultivate cutting-edge robotics and motivate participants tosubspecialize. It tests the efficiency, quality and time consumption by the robots to complete single specified tasks required from the actual robot combat matches. Teams can choose to participate in one or more challenges such as "Hero ranged shooting", "Engineer scaling island for ammo", "Infantry speed shooting" and "Infantry confrontation".[11]
TheICRA RoboMaster AI Challenge (Chinese:人工智能挑战赛) is organized by RoboMaster Organizing Committee in conjunction with theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).[12] The competition adopts the form of “autonomous robot shooting confrontation”, in a venue that full of functionalbooby traps. The participating teams need to use the official robot platform to conduct motion planning and control, by letting the robots independently sensing the environmental information and making decisions regarding the situations on the field, launchprojectiles at their opponents. At the end of the game, the team with the highest remaininghit points win.
The competition is held in a different country every year to further expand its influence in the field of international robotics, attracting a large number of top universities and research institutions from around the world to participate. The annual robotics challenge was previously held inSingapore (2017),Brisbane (2018),Montreal (2019).
Following the successful 5-year run of the RoboMaster Robotics Competition, theRoboMaster Youth Tournament (Chinese:机甲大师青少年挑战赛, "RoboMaster youth challenge competition"), a brand-new competition targeted at underage participants was launched in early 2020. A simplified form of the main Robotics Competition, the Youth Tournament involves teams ofprimary/secondary school students divided into two categories: Junior (age 9–15) and Senior (age 15–19). The early concept for the 2020 season include two commercialRoboMaster S1 educational robots (designed as "Standard"), oneRoboMaster EP robot (designated as "Engineer") and one Ryze Tello EDU mini-drone (designated as "Aerial"). The opposing teams will engage in 4-on-4 tactical shooting battles with their self-developed/modified robots, as well as completing multiple on-field tasks such as projectile reloading by the Engineer, automated target recognition, line-tracking and power rune activation by the Standards, and breaching base armors by the Aerial. If the bases of both teams are still surviving after the end of the match, the team with the highest remaining base HP will be the winner.
The Youth Tournament focuses on building the theoretical engineering knowledge and AI application skills amongSTEM-talented youths, and helping them progress from grasping robotic basics and simple programming to mastering AI and robot control theory. Its competitive format is a test of the participants’ adaptability, troubleshooting and problem-solving skills, as well as the participants’ teamwork and sense of responsibility.[13]
TheDJI RoboMaster S1 is an "intelligent educational robot"[14] unveiled by DJI on June 11, 2019, as the first product from the RoboMaster series of consumerground drone,[15] aimed at introducing robotics to young children. Heavily promoted during the 2019 RoboMaster Robotics Competition, it has become an unofficial mascot of the competition.
The S1 (meaning "Step 1") is achibi tank-likerover remotely controlled viaWi-Fi andapp onMicrosoft Windows,Apple iOS andGoogle Android mobile devices, with features such asspring-dampenedbeam axlefront suspension, four omnidirectional 12-rollerMecanum wheels that allow agilestrafing, a1080pFVP camera mounted within a 2-axisgimbalturret "head", and the ability to "fight" other S1 units via either aninfraredbeamilluminator (which "tags" other objects like inlaser tag) or acoaxialgel blaster gun (which shootshydrogel beads with greenLED illumination fortracer effects). Designed to be amass-produced version of the Infantry robots used in the official competition, the S1 has a total of sixsensor panels — four infrared/sound hybrid sensor on four sides of thechassis, and two infrared-only sensor on the lateral sides of the turret), which registerhit points for match scoring.
The RoboMaster S1 has a top sped of 3.5m/s (12.6km/h) forward, 2.5 m/s (7.2km/h) backwards and 2.8 m/s (10km/h) sideways. The turret rotation speed maxes out at 600°/s and the robot weighs 3.3kgs.
Out of the box, the user has to assemble the S1 from loose parts (guided by a detailed instruction manual) and program itsAI functionality to complete custom tasks. BothScratch andPython are employed by DJI along with software modules to help theend users learningcoding.[16]
TheDJI RoboMaster EP is the second educational robot from the RoboMaster line, officially released on March 9, 2020, although it was first anonymously teased in a RoboMaster S1 commercial onYouTube dated on November 25, 2019.[17]
The EP shares similarchassis andMecanum wheel designs with the S1, is compatible with multi-party hardware, supports multiplesoftware platforms and has anopenSDK. The new hardwares include high-performanceservos,robotic arms,grippers, infrared depths sensors, sensor transfer, modules and power transfer modules, as well as more than 50 programmable modules. The steering gear of the RoboMaster EP can be customized through a programming interface. The EP supports more than 20 third-party sensors and open-source hardware such asMicro Bit,Arduino andRaspberry Pi.[18]
In 2017, DJI produced a six-episodereality television web series called超能理工派 (pinyin:Chāonéng Lǐgōng Pài, lit. "SuperpowerSTEM Party") in collaboration withHunan TV. The show aired oniQiyi,Youku andBilibili at 20:30UTC+8 every Friday from March 23 to April 27.
The show was shot from August 13–26 inDapeng New District, and features a science contest between a "Champions" team (consisting of members from the RoboMaster 2017 winnerSouth China University of Technology) and an "Avengers" team (consists of RoboMaster 2017 finalists from other universities), with each episode featuring 5 rounds of technical challenges. In each round of contest, the competitors are required todecrypt messages to acquire and complete tasks, and the winners will obtainperks for the subsequent robot battle. In the first 3 rounds, the loser from the battle will have a team member eliminated, who would be substituted by a random newcomer assigned by the showrunners.
Robomasters: The Animated Series is a six-episode Chinese/Japanese co-productionanime miniseries directed by Yasutaka Yamamoto (My Monster Secret,Hero Bank),Masayuki Sakoi (Ep 3) and Katsuyuki Kodera (Ep 5), produced by DJI and features animation by DandeLion Animation Studio LLC (Pingu in the City,The Girl in Twilight) andGONZO as well asscore byYoshihiro Ike.[19] It aired onWOWOW from October 13 to November 17, 2017.
The plot follows Fang Dandan, ageeky collegefreshman who is determined to make histwin-tiltrotor drone KAKA the greatest robot in the world. However, on the first day he accidentally hit a girl in the head with afrisbee when testing autonomousfetch. Impressed by KAKA's design, the girl invites him to join her club — theClear Water Bay Studio, an understaffed breakaway robotics group headed by the uptight mechatronics genius Zheng Zhun, who wanted to beat out his oldvarsity team for the Robomasters competition. Despite Dandan's repulsion towards Robomasters due to bad childhood memories, he finds it hard to resist the temptation...
The anime's theme song is "super nova", performed byKen'ichirō Ōhashi, better known by the stage name KENN.
TheRoboMaster Documentary (Chinese:《机甲大师纪录片》) is an annual documentary series, with each episode focusing on a prominent university team, and interviewing the crews about these young engineers' aspiration, introspection and personal struggle leading up to the competition that year. The first season consists of 26 episodes and debuted on April 13, 2018, exclusively onTencent Video, with 2 new episodes released weekly. The second season consists of 23 episodes and debuted on April 17, 2019.