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Robert S. Langer

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American scientist and academic
For the Australian cricketer, seeRob Langer.

Robert Samuel Langer, Jr.
Langer in 2023
Born (1948-08-29)August 29, 1948 (age 77)
Albany, New York, United States
Other namesBob Langer[2]
Alma materCornell University (BSc)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (ScD)
Known forControlled drug delivery andtissue engineering
AwardsGairdner Foundation International Award(1996)
Charles Stark Draper Prize(2002)
John Fritz Medal(2003)
Harvey Prize(2003)
Heinz Award(2004)
Albany Medical Center Prize(2005)
National Medal of Science(2006)
Millennium Technology Prize(2008)
Prince of Asturias Award(2008)
National Medal of Technology and Innovation(2011)
Perkin Medal(2012)
Wilhelm Exner Medal(2012)
Priestley Medal(2012)
Wolf Prize in Chemistry(2013)
IRI Medal(2013)
Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences(2014)
Kyoto Prize(2014)
Biotechnology Heritage Award(2014)
FREng[1](2010)
Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering(2015)
Kabiller Prize in Nanoscience and Nanomedicine(2017)
Medal of Science (Portugal)(2020)
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards(2021)
Balzan Prize(2022)
Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research(2023)
Kavli Prize(2024)
Double Helix Medal(2025)
Lipid Science Prize(2025)
Scientific career
FieldsChemical Engineering
Biotechnology
Pharmaceuticals
Business
InstitutionsMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Doctoral advisorClark K. Colton
Other academic advisorsJudah Folkman
Doctoral studentsW. Mark Saltzman,Erin Lavik,Steven R. Little,Elazer R. Edelman,David J. Mooney,Samir Mitragotri,Mark Prausnitz,Ali Khademhosseini
Other notable studentsKristi Anseth,David Edwards (engineer),Jennifer Elisseeff,Omid Cameron Farokhzad,Linda Griffith,Guadalupe Hayes-Mota,Jeffrey Karp,Cato Laurencin,Christine E. Schmidt,Robert J. Linhardt,Antonios Mikos,Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic,David Berry,Isaac Berzin,Kathryn Uhrich,Joseph Kost,Akhilesh K. Gaharwar,Molly Stevens,Princess Imoukhuede,Guillermo Ameer,Canan Dağdeviren,Laura Niklason,María José Alonso,Kaitlyn Sadtler,Shiva Ayyadurai,Mariah Hahn,Rong Tong
External videos
video icon Scientists You Must Know: Robert Langer,You want to put yourself in the position where you'll make the discoveries for tomorrow,Science History Institute
video iconHundreds of millions of people a year across the world benefit from the technologies that rest on the work of Robert Langer.,Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering 2015

Robert Samuel Langer Jr.FREng[1] (born August 29, 1948) is an American biotechnologist, businessman,chemical engineer, chemist, and inventor. He is one of the nineInstitute Professors at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology.[3]

He was formerly the Germeshausen Professor of Chemical andBiomedical Engineering and maintains activity in the Department ofChemical Engineering and the Department ofBiological Engineering at MIT. He is also a faculty member of theHarvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology and theKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.

Langer holds over 1,400 granted or pending patents.[4] He is one of the world's most highly cited researchers and hish-index is now (according toGoogle Scholar, 2025-06-17) 331 with currently over 450,000 citations.[5] He is a widely recognized and cited researcher inbiotechnology, especially in the fields ofdrug delivery systems andtissue engineering.[4][6][7]

He is the most cited engineer in history[8] and one of the 10 most cited individuals in any field,[9] having authored over 1,600 scientific papers. Langer is also a prolific businessman, having been behind the participation in the founding of over 40 biotechnology companies including the well-known American pharmaceutical company,Moderna.

Langer's research laboratory at MIT is the largestbiomedical engineering lab in the world; maintaining over $10 million in annual grants and over 100 researchers.[10][11] He has been awarded numerous leading prizes in recognition of his work.

Background and personal life

[edit]

Langer was born August 29, 1948, inAlbany, New York.[12]

He is an alumnus ofThe Milne School and received hisbachelor's degree fromCornell University in chemical engineering.[12] He earned hisSc.D. in chemical engineering fromMassachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974.[13] His dissertation was entitled "Enzymatic regeneration of ATP" and completed under the direction of Clark K. Colton.[14] From 1974–1977 he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at theChildren's Hospital Boston and atHarvard Medical School underJudah Folkman.[15][13]

Contributions to medicine and biotechnology

[edit]

Langer is widely regarded for his contributions to medicine andbiotechnology.[16] He is considered a pioneer of many new technologies, including controlled release systems and transdermal delivery systems, which allow the administration of drugs or extraction of analytes from the body through the skin without needles or other invasive methods.[17][18][19]

Langer worked withJudah Folkman atBoston Children's Hospital to isolate the firstangiogenesis inhibitor, amacromolecule to block the spread of blood vessels in tumors.[16][20] Macromolecules tend to be broken down by digestion and blocked by body tissues if they are injected or inhaled, so finding a delivery system for them is difficult. Langer's idea was to encapsulate the angiogenesis inhibitor in a noninflammatory syntheticpolymer system that could be implanted in the tumor and control the release of the inhibitor. He eventually invented polymer systems that would work. This discovery is considered to lay the foundation for much of today's drug delivery technology.[16][21]

Langer also worked withHenry Brem of theJohns Hopkins University Medical School on a drug-delivery system for the treatment of brain cancer, to deliver chemotherapy directly to a tumor site. The wafer implants that he and his teams have designed have become increasingly more sophisticated, and can now deliver multiple drugs, and respond to stimuli.[22] In 2019, he and his team developed and patented a technique whereby microneedle tattoo patches could be used to label people with invisible ink to store medical information subcutaneously. This was presented as a boon to "developing nations" where lack of infrastructure means an absence of medical records.[23][24] The technology uses a "quantum dot dye that is delivered, along with avaccine, by amicroneedle patch."[23]

Langer is regarded as the founder of tissue engineering inregenerative medicine.[25] He and the researchers in his lab have made advances in tissue engineering, such as the creation of engineeredblood vessels and vascularized engineeredmuscletissue.[26][27] Bioengineered synthetic polymers provide a scaffolding on which new skin, muscle, bone, and entire organs can be grown. With such a substrate in place, victims of serious accidents or birth defects could more easily grow missing tissue.[22][28] Such polymers can be biocompatible and biodegradable.[29]

Langer is involved in several projects related todiabetes.[30] Alongside Daniel G. Anderson, he has contributed bioengineering work to a project involving teams from MIT, Harvard University and other institutions, to produce an implantable device to treattype 1 diabetes by shieldinginsulin-producingbeta cells from immune system attacks.[31][32] He is also part of a team at MIT that have developed a drug capsule that could be used to deliver oral doses ofinsulin to people with type 1 diabetes.[33]

Awards and honors

[edit]

At 43 years old, Langer was the youngest person in history to be elected to all three American science academies: theNational Academy of Sciences, theNational Academy of Engineering and theNational Academy of Medicine. He was also elected as a charter member ofNational Academy of Inventors.[34] He was elected as an InternationalFellow[1] of theRoyal Academy of Engineering[1] in 2010.

Langer has received more than 220 major awards. He is one of three living individuals to have received both the U.S. National Medal of Science and the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.[35]


He has received numerous other awards, including the 10th AnnualHeinz Award in the category of Technology, the Economy and Employment (2003),[41][79] In 2013 he was awarded theIRI Medal alongside long-time friendGeorge M. Whitesides for outstanding accomplishments in technological innovation that have contributed broadly to the development of industry and the benefit of society.[80][81] He also received theRusnano prize that year.[82]

Langer has honorary degrees from 44 universities from around the world including Harvard, Yale, Columbia and Oxford Universities.[83]

In November 2024, Chiba Institute of Technology awarded an honorary doctorate to Langer.[84][85]

Business ventures

[edit]

Langer has been involved in the founding of many companies,[86] more than twenty in partnership with the venture capital firmPolaris Partners.[2] Success of these companies and Langer's contribution has been detailed by Harvard Business Review:[87]

  • Acusphere
  • AIR[2] (acquired by Alkermes and subsequently acquired by Acorda)
  • Arsenal Medical
  • Arsia (acquired by Eagle Pharmaceuticals)
  • BIND Therapeutics (acquired by Pfizer)
  • Tarveda Therapeutics (formerly Blend Therapeutics)
  • Sontra Medical (acquired by Echo Therapeutics)
  • Enzytech (acquired by Alkermes)
  • Tissium (formerly Gecko Biomedical)[88]
  • InVivo Therapeutics
  • Kala
  • Landsdowne Labs
  • Lindus Health[89]
  • Living Proof[90] (acquired by Unilever)
  • Lyra Therapeutics[2]
  • Lyndra Therapeutics
  • Microchips Biotech (acquired by Dare)
  • Moderna
  • Momenta (acquired byJohnson and Johnson)
  • Olivo Labs (acquired by Shisheido)
  • Pervasis (acquired byShire Pharmaceuticals)[91]
  • Pulmatrix
  • PureTech
  • Selecta Biosciences (merged to formCartesian Therapeutics)
  • Semprus Biosciences (acquired byTeleflex)[92]
  • Seventh Sense
  • SQZ Biotech[93]
  • Soufflé Therapeutics Inc.
  • Taris (acquired byJohnson and Johnson)
  • Transform (acquired byJohnson and Johnson)[94]
  • T2Biosystems
  • Frequency Therapeutics (merged to formKorro Bio)
  • Sigilon Therapeutics (acquired byEli Lilly)
  • Seer Bio

Langer is a member of the Advisory Board ofPatient Innovation, a nonprofit, international, multilingual, free venue for patients and caregivers of any disease to share their innovations.[95] He is also a member of the Xconomists, an ad hoc team of editorial advisors for the tech news and media company,Xconomy.[96]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdef"List of Fellows". Archived fromthe original on June 8, 2016. RetrievedOctober 28, 2014.
  2. ^abcdMcguire, Terry (July 1, 2019)."The Many Shades Of VC/Repeat Entrepreneur Relationships".Life Science Leader. Pennsylvania, United States: VertMarkets.
  3. ^Seligson, Hannah (November 24, 2012)."Hatching Ideas, and Companies, by the Dozens at M.I.T."New York Times. RetrievedNovember 26, 2012.A chemical engineer by training, Dr. Langer has helped start 25 companies and has 811 patents, issued or pending, to his name. ...
  4. ^abRobert S. Langer publications indexed byGoogle ScholarEdit this at Wikidata
  5. ^"Robert Langer".scholar.google.com. RetrievedSeptember 16, 2023.
  6. ^"1040 Highly Cited Researchers (h>100) according to their Google Scholar Citations public profiles". RetrievedMay 25, 2016.
  7. ^abShukman, David (February 3, 2015)."Drug-delivery pioneer wins £1m engineering prize".BBC News Science & Environment. RetrievedFebruary 3, 2015.
  8. ^Gura, T. (2014)."The art of entrepreneurship".Science.346 (6213): 1146.Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1146G.doi:10.1126/science.346.6213.1146.PMID 25430772.
  9. ^"Robert Langer".AD Scientific Index 2024.
  10. ^O'Neill, Kathryn M. (July 20, 2006)."Colleagues honor Langer for 30 years of innovation".MIT News. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2014.
  11. ^Dutton, Gail (October 30, 2023)."How Church and Langer Make the Impossible Possible".GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News. RetrievedSeptember 15, 2024.
  12. ^ab"Robert S. Langer life story".www.kavliprize.org. RetrievedJuly 25, 2024.
  13. ^ab"Professor Robert S. Langer – Langer Lab". RetrievedJuly 25, 2024.
  14. ^Langer, Robert S. (1974).Enzymatic regeneration of ATP (Thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.hdl:1721.1/109632.
  15. ^"Robert S. Langer, Sc.D."Academy of Achievement.
  16. ^abcPearson, Helen (March 4, 2009)."Profile: Being Bob Langer".Nature.458 (7234):22–24.doi:10.1038/458022a.PMID 19262647.
  17. ^Mitragotri, S; Blankschtein, D; Langer, R (1995). "Ultrasound-mediated transdermal protein delivery".Science.269 (5225):850–3.Bibcode:1995Sci...269..850M.doi:10.1126/science.7638603.PMID 7638603.S2CID 26069484.
  18. ^Kost, J; Mitragotri, S; Gabbay, RA; Pishko, M; Langer, R (2000). "Transdermal monitoring of glucose and other analytes using ultrasound".Nature Medicine.6 (3):347–50.doi:10.1038/73213.PMID 10700240.S2CID 31949252.
  19. ^Langer, Robert; Folkman, Judah (October 1976). "Polymers for the sustained release of proteins and other macromolecules".Nature.263 (5580):797–800.Bibcode:1976Natur.263..797L.doi:10.1038/263797a0.PMID 995197.S2CID 4210402.
  20. ^Cooke, Robert; Koop, C Everett (2001). Dr. Folkman's War: Angiogenesis and the Struggle to Defeat Cancer. New York: Random House.ISBN 978-0-375-50244-6.
  21. ^National Academy of Science report Beyond Discovery: Polymer and People 1999
  22. ^ab"Robert S. Langer".Science History Institute. June 2016. RetrievedMarch 20, 2018.
  23. ^abTrafton, Anne (December 18, 2019)."Storing medical information below the skin's surface". MIT News.
  24. ^Jaklenec, Ana; McHugh, Kevin J.; Langer, Robert S."Microneedle tattoo patches and use thereof". No. US20190015650A1. US Patent and Trademark Office.
  25. ^Schilling, David Russell (February 15, 2013)."Langer Profile. Engineering Synthetic Skin".Industry Tap into News. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2014.
  26. ^Niklason, LE; Gao, J; Abbott, WM; Hirschi, KK; Houser, S; Marini, R; Langer, R (1999). "Functional arteries grown in vitro".Science.284 (5413):489–93.Bibcode:1999Sci...284..489N.doi:10.1126/science.284.5413.489.PMID 10205057.
  27. ^Levenberg, S; Rouwkema, J; MacDonald, M; Garfein, ES; Kohane, DS; Darland, DC; Marini, R; Van Blitterswijk, CA; et al. (2005)."Engineering vascularized skeletal muscle tissue"(PDF).Nature Biotechnology.23 (7):879–84.doi:10.1038/nbt1109.PMID 15965465.S2CID 28136064.
  28. ^Vacanti, Joseph P; Langer, Robert (July 1999)."Tissue engineering: the design and fabrication of living replacement devices for surgical reconstruction and transplantation".The Lancet.354:S32 –S34.doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)90247-7.PMID 10437854.S2CID 33614316. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2014.
  29. ^Freed, Lisa E.; Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana; Biron, Robert J.; Eagles, Dana B.; Lesnoy, Daniel C.; Barlow, Sandra K.; Langer, Robert (July 1994). "Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering".Bio/Technology.12 (7):689–693.doi:10.1038/nbt0794-689.PMID 7764913.S2CID 22968473.
  30. ^Schaffer, Amanda."Engineering Drug Delivery and Tissue Growth".MIT Technology Review. RetrievedMarch 21, 2019.
  31. ^"Potential diabetes treatment advances".Harvard Gazette. January 25, 2016. RetrievedMarch 21, 2019.
  32. ^Anderson, Daniel G.; Langer, Robert; Melton, Douglas A.; Weir, Gordon C.; Greiner, Dale L.; Oberholzer, Jose; Hollister-Lock, Jennifer; Bochenek, Matthew A.; McGarrigle, James J. (January 25, 2016)."Long-term glycemic control using polymer-encapsulated human stem cell–derived beta cells in immune-competent mice".Nature Medicine.22 (3):306–311.doi:10.1038/nm.4030.ISSN 1546-170X.PMC 4825868.PMID 26808346.
  33. ^"New pill can deliver insulin".MIT News. February 7, 2019. RetrievedMarch 21, 2019.
  34. ^Lowry, Judy (January 8, 2013)."National Academy of Inventors congratulates NAI Fellows Robert Langer and Leroy Hood, and NAI Member James Wynne on receiving U.S. National Medals".USF Research News. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2014.
  35. ^ab"Biotechnology Heritage Award".Science History Institute. May 31, 2016. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2018.
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  37. ^"Half Million Dollar Lemelson-MIT Prize Winner Announced". Lemelson-MIT. April 15, 1998. Archived fromthe original on March 6, 2003. RetrievedFebruary 5, 2014.
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  39. ^"Robert S. Langer Receives 2002 Charles Stark Draper Prize from National Academy of Engineering".Journal of Investigative Medicine.50 (3):159–160. 2002.doi:10.2310/6650.2002.33415.S2CID 219540335.
  40. ^"Robert S. Langer, Sc.D. Biography and Interview".www.achievement.org.American Academy of Achievement.
  41. ^ab"MIT's Langer wins two prestigious prizes".MIT News. December 2, 2003. Archived fromthe original on February 22, 2014. RetrievedFebruary 5, 2014.
  42. ^Prize, Dan David."Laureates 2005: Robert Langer". Dan David Prize. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2014.
  43. ^McGarry, Greg (April 29, 2005)."MIT Researcher and Albany Native Who Pioneered New Methods for Drug Delivery Named Recipient of America's Top Prize in Medicine". Albany Medical Center. RetrievedFebruary 5, 2014.
  44. ^National Medal of Science 2006
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  71. ^"2019 Honorees".The Hope Funds for Cancer Research. May 19, 2019. RetrievedJuly 19, 2019.
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  74. ^"Maurice-Marie JANOT Award – APGI".www.apgi.org/. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2020.
  75. ^BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards 2021
  76. ^"I vincitori dei Premi Balzan 2022". September 12, 2022.
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  85. ^"Honorary Doctorate from Chiba Institute of Technology". RetrievedSeptember 22, 2025.
  86. ^Huang, Gregory T. (April 19, 2011)."The Bob Langer and Polaris Family Tree: From Acusphere to Momenta to Visterra".Xconomy. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2014.
  87. ^Prokesch, Steven T. (March–April 2017)."The Edison of Medicine".Harvard Business Review. RetrievedMarch 27, 2017.
  88. ^Farrell, Michael B. (December 10, 2013)."MIT's Robert Langer has another startup".The Boston Globe. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2014.
  89. ^Malloy, Shawn. (January 25, 2023)."Robert S. Langer, Co-Founder of Moderna, Joins Lindus Health's Advisory Board".PR Newswire. RetrievedJanuary 25, 2023.
  90. ^Jones, Vanessa E. (April 2, 2009)."Call him the frizz fighter".The Boston Globe. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2014.
  91. ^"Shire picks up Pervasis in potential $200M deal". April 12, 2012. RetrievedJune 10, 2014.
  92. ^Gormley, Brian (June 26, 2012)."Semprus BioSciences Acquired by Teleflex for Up To $80M in Cash, Milestones".Wall Street Journal. Archived fromthe original on July 14, 2014. RetrievedJune 10, 2014.
  93. ^"SQZ Biotech – Board of Directors". Archived fromthe original on March 9, 2014. RetrievedMarch 8, 2014.
  94. ^"Johnson & Johnson Completes Acquisition of TransForm Pharmaceuticals, Inc". Archived fromthe original on May 5, 2011. RetrievedJune 10, 2014.
  95. ^"Who we are | Patient Innovation". March 26, 2014.
  96. ^"About Our Mission, Team, and Editorial Ethics".Xconomy. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2018.

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