Bob La Follette | |
|---|---|
 Portrait byFabian Bachrachc. 1940s | |
| United States Senator fromWisconsin | |
| In office September 30, 1925 – January 3, 1947 | |
| Preceded by | Robert M. La Follette |
| Succeeded by | Joseph McCarthy |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Robert Marion La Follete Jr. (1895-02-06)February 6, 1895 Madison, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Died | February 24, 1953(1953-02-24) (aged 58) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Resting place | Forest Hill Cemetery |
| Political party | Republican (before 1934, 1946–1953) Progressive (1934–1946) National Progressives (1938–1946) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2, includingBronson |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives |
|
| Education | University of Wisconsin, Madison (attended) |
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. (February 6, 1895 – February 24, 1953) was an American politician who served asUnited States senator fromWisconsin from 1925 to 1947. A member of theLa Follette family, he was often referred to by the nickname "Young Bob" to distinguish him from his father,Robert M. "Fighting Bob" La Follette, who had served as a U.S. senator and governor of Wisconsin. Robert Jr., along with his brotherPhilip La Follette, carried on their father's legacy of progressive politics and founded theWisconsin Progressive Party. Robert Jr. was the last major Progressive Party politician in the U.S. Senate, ending in 1946 when the party disbanded. La Follette was defeated in the1946 Republican Senate primary byJoseph McCarthy.[1][2]
His son,Bronson La Follette was also a prominent politician in Wisconsin, serving as the 36th & 39thattorney general of Wisconsin.
Robert La Follette Jr. was born inMadison, Wisconsin, toRobert M. "Fighting Bob" La Follette and his wifeBelle Case La Follette. He had three siblings, includingPhilip La Follette andFola La Follette.
Robert Jr. attended theUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison from 1913 to 1917 but he did not graduate because of a severestreptococcus infection.[3] He received thehonorary degree ofLL.D. from the University of Wisconsin in 1938. The same illness kept him out of the military duringWorld War I.[4]
La Follette served as his father's privatesecretary between 1919 and 1925.[5]
On September 29, 1925, La Follette was elected as aRepublican to theUnited States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father. "Young Bob", as he was called, was a champion oforganized labor. He gained national prominence between 1936 and 1940 as chairman of a special Senate investigating committee, commonly called theLa Follette Civil Liberties Committee, that exposed the surveillance, physical intimidation, and other techniques used by large employers to prevent workers from organizing.[6]
He was chairman of the Committee on Manufactures in the71st and72nd Congresses. He supported PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt and mostNew Deal legislation until he broke over the passage of the 1938 naval expansion bill.[7]
He was re-elected as a Republican in 1928, and as a Progressive in 1934 and 1940.[8]
With his brother Philip, he formed theWisconsin Progressive Party in 1934, and for a time the party was dominant in Wisconsin. He was reelected with the Progressive Party in 1934 and 1940. One of the Senate's leading isolationists, La Follette helped found theAmerica First Committee in 1940.[9]
In April 1943 a confidential analysis by English researcherIsaiah Berlin for the BritishForeign Office stated that La Follette was the:
son of the celebrated Governor and brother of ex-Governor Philip La Follette of that State. Intimately tied with the very peculiar "progressive" Wisconsin political organization, who started as an Isolationist New Dealer and by degrees has turned into a confused anti-administration Nationalist. He is a very eccentric and unpredictable political figure who continues to be radical in internal issues and obscurantist in foreign affairs. He is said to be prepared to approve of Britain after she had expiated her past errors by more suffering than she had already endured. He is entirely independent of business interests and pressure groups, and his strength comes from the traditional place occupied by his family in Wisconsin. On the whole an ally of the Isolationists.[10]
When the Wisconsin Progressive Party dissolved, La Follette returned to the Republican Party in 1946. He helped to draft and win passage of theLegislative Reorganization Act of 1946 that modernized the legislative process in Congress.[11]
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La Follette was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination as a Republican in 1946. He ran an isolationist campaign against theUnited Nations and was critical of Soviet dictatorJoseph Stalin; he ended up narrowly losing toJoseph McCarthy in the Republican primary, by 207,935 votes to 202,557.[12] While La Follette initially started with a large lead in the polls, that lead gradually dwindled, and on the primary election day, the results of the final county to report polls tipped the scales in McCarthy's favor. La Follette sent a one-word telegram saying "Congratulations" to McCarthy.[13]
La Follette made several decisions that hurt his primary campaign. Disbanding theProgressive Party and seeking election on the Republican ticket that same year cost him the support of many progressive supporters that belonged to the former, while the more conservative Republicans were also suspicious of La Follette, for he had previously run against them. Being initially confident of victory, he further hurt his chances by staying on in Washington to draft and win passage of theLegislative Reorganization Act of 1946 rather than returning to Wisconsin to campaign for re-election.[14]
La Follette faced an aggressive campaign by McCarthy and failed to refute the latter's charges, several of which were false. McCarthy attacked La Follette for not enlisting during the war, although La Follette had been 46 whenPearl Harbor was bombed and would have been too old to be accepted. McCarthy played up his own wartime service, using his wartime nickname "Tail-Gunner Joe", and the slogan "Congress needs a tail-gunner". McCarthy also claimed that while he had been away fighting for his country, La Follette had made huge profits from investments; the suggestion that La Follette had been guilty ofwar profiteering was deeply damaging. (In fact, McCarthy had invested in the stock market himself during the war, netting a profit of $42,000 in 1943. La Follette's investments consisted of partial interest in a radio station, which earned him a profit of $47,000 over two years.[15])
Arnold Beichman later stated that McCarthy "was elected to his first term in the Senate with support from the Communist-controlledUnited Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers,CIO", which preferred McCarthy to the anti-communist Robert M. La Follette.[16] This allegation, however, has never been proved.[citation needed]
After his defeat by McCarthy, La Follette was aforeign aid advisor to theTruman administration.[17]
In aCollier's Weekly article of February 8, 1947, La Follette reported infiltration of Communists onto Congressional committee staffs. He wrote, "I know from firsthand experience that Communist sympathizers have infiltrated into committee staffs on Capitol Hill in Washington." He cited his own former subcommittee, as well as the Kilgore Subcommittee on War Mobilization and the Murray Social Committee on Small Business. He named some half-dozen CIO affiliates as being openly pro-Communist:United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers (UE),International Fur & Leather Workers Union (IFLWU),United Public Workers of America (UPWA),Transport Workers Union,Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers (MMSW), the Farm Equipment and Metal Workers, theUnited Furniture Workers of America (UFW), and theAmerican Communications Association. He also stated that the difficult people to deal with were not "avowed Communists" but "fellow travelers" because "There is no litmus-paper test for these people." The only people he named were union leaders:Abram Flaxer of the UPWA,Reid Robinson of the MMSW,Ben Gold of the Furriers,Michael Quill of the TWU, andJoseph Ryan of the IL.[18]
In August 1947, Washington-based columnistMarquis Childs reported that La Follette was "comfortably established in his own offices in Washington as an economic consultant to several large corporations."[19]
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In 1930, La Follette married Rachel Wilson Young. They had two children, Joseph Oden La Follette andBronson Cutting La Follette.[20][21][22]
On February 24, 1953, La Follette was found dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound just days after his 58th birthday inWashington, D.C.[23] His aide Wilbur Voight stated he "apparently had been despondent over a lingering heart condition".[24]
La Follette was interred atForest Hill Cemetery inMadison, Wisconsin,[25] and was survived by his sons,Bronson La Follette, who served asWisconsin's attorney general from 1965 to 1969 and from 1975 to 1987, and Joseph Oden La Follette, who spent his career working at IBM.[26]
On September 9, 1953, John Lautner testified before McCarthy'sPermanent Subcommittee on Investigations, revealing the existence of the Communists who had served on La Follette's subcommittee staff. Some historians believe that La Follette killed himself out of fear of being exposed by McCarthy; others believe he succumbed to anxiety and depression that had plagued him for much of his life.[27]
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| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Republican nominee forU.S. Senator fromWisconsin (Class 1) 1925,1928 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. Senate | ||
| Preceded by | U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Wisconsin 1925–1947 Served alongside:Irvine Lenroot,John J. Blaine,F. Ryan Duffy,Alexander Wiley | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chair of theSenate Manufactures Committee 1929–1933 | Succeeded by |
| New office | Chair of theJoint Reorganization Committee 1945–1947 | Position abolished |
| Class 1 |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Class 3 | ||
