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Robert Ressler | |
|---|---|
 Ressler in 1986 | |
| Born | Robert Kenneth Ressler[1] February 15, 1937 (1937-02-15) Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | May 5, 2013 (2013-05-06) (aged 76) |
| Alma mater | Michigan State University |
| Occupation(s) | FBI agent, author |
| Known for | Criminal profiling |
| Military career | |
| Branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1957–1962 |
| Rank | Major |
Robert Kenneth Ressler (February 15, 1937 – May 5, 2013) was an AmericanFBI agent and author. He played a significant role in thepsychological profiling of violent offenders in the 1970s and is often credited with coining the term "serial killer",[2] though the term is a direct translation of the German termSerienmörder coined in 1930 by Berlin investigatorErnst Gennat. After retiring from the FBI, he authored a number of books on serial murders, and often gave lectures on criminology.
Robert Ressler grew up on North Marmora Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, and graduated fromSchurz High School,[3] Class of 1955. He was the son of Joseph, who worked in security and maintenance at theChicago Tribune, and Gertrude Ressler. At an early age Robert became interested in killers, as he followed theTribune's articles on "The Lipstick Killer". Ressler claims that he was more fascinated than afraid of this notorious killer, as other killers fascinated him in his later years with theFBI.[4] His fascination would be bolstered decades later byJohn Wayne Gacy, who had grown up in the same neighborhood as Ressler, and was in theBoy Scouts with him.[5] Ressler attended two years at a community college before joining theU.S. Army and was stationed inOkinawa. After two years in the army Ressler decided to enroll in the School of Criminology and Police Administration atMichigan State University. He graduated with a bachelor's degree and started graduate work but only finished one semester before going back into the army as an officer, having also completed an ROTC program at Michigan State.[4]
Ressler served in theU.S. Army from 1957 to 1962 as a provost marshal of a platoon ofMPs in Aschaffenburg, as he states in his autobiographyWhoever Fights Monsters. He was in charge of solving cases such as homicides, robberies, and arson. After four years in Germany, Ressler decided to leave the position and was reassigned as the Commander of aCriminal Investigation Division (CID) atFort Sheridan. He then went back to Michigan State to finish his master's in police administration, paid for by the army, in exchange for two more years of service after graduation. After he received his degree, he served a year inThailand and a year in Fort Sheridan, where he ended his career with the army as amajor, and moved on to theFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).[4]
Ressler joined the FBI in 1970 and was recruited into theBehavioral Science Unit, which deals with drawing up psychological profiles of violent offenders, such as rapists and serial killers, who select victims at random.[citation needed]
Between 1976 and 1979, Ressler and criminal profiler coordinator of the Behavioral Science UnitJohn Douglas together organized the interviews of thirty-six incarcerated serial killers[6] in order to find parallels between such criminals' backgrounds and motives. In addition, Ressler and retired Detective Pierce Brooks of the LAPD were instrumental in setting upVi-CAP (Violent Criminal Apprehension Program). This consists of a centralizedcomputer database of information on unsolved homicides. Information is gathered from local police forces and cross-referenced with other unsolved killings across the United States. Working on the basis that most serial killers claim similar victims with a standard method (modus operandi), it hopes to spot early on when a killer is carrying out crimes in different jurisdictions. This was primarily a response to the appearance of nomadic killers who committed crimes in different areas. So long as the killer kept on the move, the police forces in each state would be unaware that there were multiple victims and would just be investigating a single homicide each, unaware that other police forces had similar crimes. Vi-CAP would help individual police forces determine if they were hunting for the same perpetrator so that they could share and correlate information with one another, increasing their chances of identifying a suspect.[citation needed]
He worked on many cases of serial homicide such asJeffrey Dahmer,Ted Bundy,Richard Chase andJohn Joubert, andMontie Rissell.[citation needed]
Ressler retired from the FBI in 1990 and authored a number of books about serial murder. He actively gave lectures to students and police forces on the subject of criminology and, in 1993, was brought in, in London, to assist in the investigation into the murders committed byColin Ireland. In 1995, Ressler metSouth African profilerMicki Pistorius at a conference in Scotland and she invited him to review her investigation of the "ABC Murders", so-called because of their location in theJohannesburg suburbs ofAtteridgeville,Boksburg, and Cleveland. A man named David Selepe had died in police custody while being investigated as a suspect for the Cleveland murders, prior to the discovery of the Atteridgeville and Boksburg crimes, and the authorities feared that they had killed an innocent man while the real culprit was still at large. Ressler believed that Selepe was indeed responsible for the Cleveland murders, either alone or with an accomplice, and that the Atteridgeville and Boksburg murders had been committed by the same offender, but that this killer was not involved in the Cleveland murders. He also pointed out that the Atteridgeville-Boksburg murderer was gaining confidence with each killing and would contact the media. As predicted, serial killerMoses Sithole called the South African newspaperThe Star to claim responsibility for the Atteridgeville and Boksburg murders, some time after Ressler left the case.[7][8]
Ressler's visit toCiudad Juárez in Mexico to investigate thestill-active feminicides occurring there served as inspiration for the character Albert Kessler inRoberto Bolaño's novel2666.[9]
Ressler died at his home in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on Sunday May 5, 2013, fromParkinson's disease, aged 76.[10]
A screenplay adapted from his colleagueJohn E. Douglas' bookMindhunter: Inside the FBI's Elite Serial Crime Unit was picked up byNetflix.[11]Mindhunter starsHolt McCallany, who plays the character Special Agent Bill Tench, a lead character based on Ressler.[12][13] In 2021, Ressler was portrayed by Jake Hays inTed Bundy: American Boogeyman. In 2024, Ressler was portrayed by Sean Cameron Michael in the South African true-crime seriesCatch Me a Killer.
