(from top: left to right) Rizal Provincial Capitol, Masungi Georeserve, Hinulugang Taktak, Pililla Wind Farm, Angono Petroglyphs and Sierra Madre Mountains in Tanay.
Rizal, officially theProvince of Rizal (Filipino:Lalawigan ng Rizal), is aprovince in thePhilippines located in theCalabarzon region inLuzon. Its capital is the city ofAntipolo. It is about 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) east ofManila. The province is named afterJosé Rizal, one of the main national heroes of the Philippines. It is bordered byMetro Manila to the west,Bulacan to the north,Quezon to the east andLaguna to the southeast. The province also lies on the northern shores ofLaguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. Rizal is a mountainous province perched on the western slopes of the southern portion of theSierra Madre mountain range.
Antipolo serves as the provincial capital since 2020, having been an administrative center since 2009 with the capitol located in the city. Previously,Pasig served as the capital, a designation it retained even after becoming part of theNational Capital Region in 1975.[4][5]
The province is a part ofGreater Manila Area. It is the 5th largest province in the Philippines in terms of population.
Tagalog settlement arrived sometime in the pre-Spanish period. The provincial territory began with the organization of theTondo andLaguna provinces during the Spanish administration. Some of the towns likePasig,Parañaque,Taytay andCainta were already thriving.
From the reports of theEncomiendas in 1582–1583, the Encomiendas ofMoron (Morong) was under the jurisdiction ofLa Laguna and, the Encomiendas ofPassi (Pasig),Taitay (Taytay) andTagui (Taguig) belonged to the Province of Tondo. It was recorded that in 1591, the Encomiendas of Moron and Taitay were under the jurisdiction of theFranciscan Order in the Province of La Laguna; and the Encomiendas ofNabotas (Navotas),Tambobo (Malabon), Tondo, Parañaque (thenLa Huerta, Parañaque),Longalo (Don Galo, Parañaque), Tagui and Pasig were under the jurisdiction of theAugustinians in the Province of Tondo.
By virtue of Circular No. 83, dated September 2, 1859, the Province of Tondo became theProvince of Manila. All its towns were placed under the administration, fiscal supervision and control of the Governor of the new province.
The town of Mariquina (Marikina) became the capital of the Province of Manila during the tenure of the revolutionary government of Gen.Emilio Aguinaldo.[8] The Politico-Military District of Morong had for its capital the town of Antipolo from 1898 to 1899 and the town of Tanay from 1899 to 1900.
On February 6, theFirst Philippine Commission sought to establishcivil government in the country through a provincial organization act after the Filipino-Spanish and Filipino-American conflicts.
Therefore, on June 5, 1901, a historic meeting was held at thePasig Catholic Church for the organization of a civil government in the Province of Manila and District of Morong, with 221 delegates in attendance.[9] The first Philippine Commission, headed byWilliam Howard Taft and composed of CommissionersLuke E. Wright,Henry C. Ide,Bernard Moses andDean C. Worcester, discussed with the Assembly the issue of whether or not to write the Province of Manila with the District of Morong, was not self-sufficient to operate as a separate province.
Although the delegates from Morong, Hilarion Raymundo, and José Tupas, objected to the proposal,Juan Sumulong of Antipolo strongly advocated the move. After much acrimonious debate and upon the suggestion ofTrinidad H. Pardo de Tavera the body agreed on the creation of a new province independent of the Province of Manila. The new province was aptly named afterJosé Rizal, the country's national hero.
The ruins of the first provincial capitol in barangay Santa Rosa,Pasig, which was the seat of government for the province until 1950.[10]
On June 11, 1901, the province of Rizal was officially and legally created by virtue of Act No. 137 by the First Philippine Commission which during the time was acting as the unicameral legislative body in the island of Luzon.[11]
The number of municipalities changed with the municipal boundaries through time, mostly occurring within the provincial boundary.[14][15][16][17] On October 12, 1903, the former municipalities of Bosoboso, Malibay,Novaliches and Quisao were absorbed by Antipolo, Pasay, Caloocan and Pililla, respectively, by virtue of Act No. 942.[12] On November 25, 1903, Muntinlupa was ceded to the Province ofLa Laguna and became part of the municipality ofBiñan,[18] but was later returned to Rizal on March 22, 1905, and became part of Taguig until December 17, 1917.[19][20]
Political map of Rizal before the creation of Quezon City
On October 12, 1939,Quezon City was established,[21] which included parts of Caloocan, and later on, Novaliches and parts of Marikina, Pasig and San Juan.
The second provincial capitol alongShaw Boulevard,Pasig was the seat of government for the province from 1950 to 2009.[27] It was demolished in 2010 and the site was rebuilt asCapitol Commons.
On June 17, 2008, GovernorCasimiro Ynares III announced the transfer of the provincial capitol fromPasig toAntipolo. The new₱270-million capitol building, constructed by Ortigas & Co., owner thereof, was completed by December of that year. Built on a 5-hectare (12-acre) lot near theYnares Center,[29] it was successfully inaugurated on March 4, 2009, bringing back the Capitol Building inside the provincial territory from which it was absent for 34 years (when Pasig was incorporated intoMetro Manila).
On June 19, 2020, PresidentRodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11475 into law, which officially transferred the capital of the Rizal province fromPasig toAntipolo. The law was published on June 22, 2020, and took effect on July 7, 2020. The publication of the law coincided with the 159th birth anniversary of Dr.Jose Rizal.
Rizal covers a total area of 1,182.65 square kilometers (456.62 sq mi)[30] occupying the northern-central section of theCalabarzon inLuzon. The province is bordered on the north byBulacan, east byQuezon, southeast byLaguna, south byLaguna de Bay, and west byMetro Manila.
Located 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of Manila, commuters take approximately an hour to reach the provincial seat which is inAntipolo. Generally hilly and mountainous in terrain, most of the province's southern towns lie in the shores ofLaguna de Bay, the country's largest inland body of water.[1]
Talim Island, the largest island situated withinLaguna de Bay, is under the jurisdiction of the province and shared by the municipalities of Binangonan and Cardona.
The population of Rizal in the 2020 census was 3,330,143 people,[39] with a density of 2,800 inhabitants per square kilometer or 7,300 inhabitants per square mile.
Due to its location being in the heart of the Katagalugan, almost all of the residents of Rizal mainly speakTagalog.English andFilipino are used as second languages respectively; Filipino is a version of Tagalog which is spoken by residents of Rizal in code switching & when speaking toTagalog speakers of other dialects. Being bordered byMetro Manila (whose majority of its cities were once part of Rizal), a large number of people from farther provinces have migrated to the province, resulting in minor but significant usage of theBicolano,Cebuano, variousCordilleran languages,Cuyunon,Ilocano,Hiligaynon,Kapampangan,Karay-a,Pangasinan andWaray, as well as variousLumad (indigenous languages in Mindanao) languages,Iranun,Maranao,Maguindanaon andTausug languages.
Iglesia Ni Cristo is a religious minority in Rizal, it has numerous chapels scattered around its municipalities. Subdivided in 2 Ecclesiastical Districts, its members comprises the 5% of the province's population.
Before the 1990s, the primary source of economy in Rizal province were the huge piggery estates owned by Manila-based families.[citation needed] In recent years, the province became one of the most progressive provinces in the country, owing to its proximity toMetro Manila, the economic center of thePhilippines.Antipolo,Taytay andCainta serve as the economic centers of the province, whileAngono,Rodriguez,Morong,San Mateo,Tanay,Binangonan andTeresa are taking successful steps to urbanize areas within their jurisdiction.[citation needed] Other areas of the province are having difficulty to start the urbanization process, mainly because of the lack of main roads to connect these to economic centers.[citation needed]
In a study recently[when?] conducted by the National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB),[citation needed] Rizal province came out to be the Philippines' least poor province with a poverty incidence rate of 3.4%, even lower than that of the National Capital Region or Metro Manila.[citation needed]. On April 23, 2013, the National Statistics Coordination Board (NCSB) reported that Rizal, from being the least poor province in poverty incidence moved down to the 3rd Place, with Cavite taking over as the least province by 4.1% (compared to Rizal's 7.6%) and Laguna for 2nd with 6.3%.[49]
Antipolo, the province's capital city, is the center of trade and exchange, tourism, government, and economy.[citation needed] It is also a center of education and sports because of the availability of various educational and physical training facilities.[citation needed] Acclaimed of its scenic attractions, the city also produces agricultural products such as cashew nuts and rice cakes.[citation needed] Taytay, the province's center of garment and textile manufacturing, is also the town where the country's largest mall operator runs a store near the town center.[citation needed] Meanwhile, Cainta serves as the center of business-process outsourcing (BPO) businesses in the province, aside from being known for the presence of several shopping centers and delicacies such as bibingka or rice cakes.[citation needed]
Higantes Festival — celebrated every November 23 in honor of their patron saintSt. Clement. Higantes are made of bamboo and colorful cloth and its faces of paper mache.
Bahay na Bato — believed to be as old as more than a hundred years
Pililla Rizal Wind Farms — built by AltEnergy to give electricity to the whole Barangay Halayhayin andMetro Manila as well. This also serves as a tourist attraction, and is located on the mountains nearLaguna de Bay.Tiger Sanctuary also known as "pililla zoo"
San Ildefonso Parish Church — built between 1773-1783; the second oldest church in the province
Regina Rica — a 71-foot (22 m) statue of the Queen of the Holy Rosary
Ten Cents to Heaven — holds the record of longestzip line (230 meters or 750 feet) in Rizal
Daraitan River — one of the country's cleanest rivers
PHILCOMSAT — the owner of a parcel of land situated in Barrio Pinugay, Barangay Tandang Kutyo, Tanay where its Philippine Space Communications Center (PSCC) is located. The PSCC, which principally consists of herein respondent’s satellite earth station, serves as the communications gateway of the Philippines to more than two-thirds of the world. Incidentally, the property had been planted with fruit trees, rice and corn by farmers occupying the surrounding areas of the PSCC.
Taytay Tiangge — There are around 10 garments center operating in Club Manila East Compound. Each garment center has hundreds to thousands of stalls selling different clothes by family owned garment factories.
Tres Escalon Waterfalls andMaharlika Falls — two known natural waterfalls in the mountainous portion of Taytay
Christ the King Parish — well-known to be the "Church in the Sky" because of its location
^Kaminski, Theresa (2016).Angels of the Underground. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 244–246, 332,351–353, 375.ISBN9780199928248.
^Panlilio, Yay (1950).The Crucible: An Autobiography by Colonel Yay, Filipina American Guerrilla. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp. 42, 187.ISBN9780813546827.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^Presidential Decree No. 824 (7 November 1975),Creating the Metropolitan Manila and the Metropolitan Manila Commission and for Other Purposes, retrieved17 April 2016,Section 2. Territorial Jurisdiction. The Commission shall have jurisdiction over the cities of Manila, Quezon, Pasay and Caloocan and the municipalities of Makati, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Las Piñas, Malabon, Navotas, Pasig, Pateros, Parañaque, Marikina, Muntinlupa, and Taguig in the province of Rizal; and the municipality of Valenzuela, in the province of Bulacan, all of which together shall henceforth be known as Metropolitan Manila.
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Geographic data related toRizal (province) atOpenStreetMap
Province ofRizal
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