| Rivington Unitarian Chapel | |
|---|---|
 Unitarian Chapel, Rivington | |
  Rivington Unitarian Chapel Position of the chapel in the Borough of Chorley | |
 Rivington Unitarian Chapel | |
| 53°37′32″N2°33′55″W / 53.6255°N 2.5652°W /53.6255; -2.5652 | |
| Location | Rivington,Lancashire |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Unitarian |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Founded | 1703 (1703) |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade II*listed building |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | localgritstone |
Rivington Unitarian Chapel is an active place ofUnitarian worship inRivington,Lancashire, England. It was founded in 1703, although its congregation dates to 1667.[1] It is designated as a Grade II*listed building[2][3] with some restoration in 1990,[1] and hs ongoing preservation.
ThePresbyterians had state backing and held power during theCommonwealth, support for thePuritans was strong, a local martyr beingGeorge Marsh. The power of the Church of England was re-asserted through theClarendon Code after theEnglish Restoration in 1660 by persecutingNonconformists to force them to conform to use of theBook of Common Prayer in services, requiring prayers for the King, resulting in theGreat Ejection on "Bartholemew Sunday" in 1662 when 2500 Ministers left their Churches.[4]
Samuel Newton ofRivington Church was one of the Ministers ejected in 1662, many of his congregation followed him and formed the first nonconformist congregation at Rivington. Laws followed including theConventicle Act 1664 that prohibited unauthorised religious meetings of more than five people and theFive Mile Act 1665 to suppress nonconformist clergy.[5] William Anderton was an early benefactor to the chapel leaving funds in 1670 in his will for Ministers John Walker and Samuel Newton. Newton gained a licence as a Presbyterian Teacher in 1672[6] and returned to preach at Rivington Church in 1674, his name appears on the list of ministers. In the same year Mr Hill of Rivington, a Presbyterian teacher was also granted license to preach in any place allowed.[a][7] Newton made his will 6 March and died 11 March 1682, he described his occupation asClerk, he and his family, to whom he left considerable property inBlackburn andPadiham, resided at New Hall, he was interred in the Chancel of Rivington Church.[8] Newton was succeeded by the Rev. John Walker who died in 1702. The first Minister of the chapel was the Rev. Ralph Ainsworth 1704 to 1716.[9]
Thomas Anderton of School Brow farm left £100 to aid the nonconformists in 1683, in 1686 Rev. John Breres was conducting services at their meeting places. By 1697 George Brownlow and George Shaw added to the Chapel funds. Records of meeting places in 1702 shortly prior to the building of the chapel are inQuarter Sessions 'Record of Dissenting Meeting Houses', properties named were a house belonging to Arthur Davies, Sheepcoate and Pilkington House.[9]
TheWilloughbys of Parham, of Shaw Place,Heath Charnock were prominentPresbyterians.[10] andHugh Willoughby was one of the first trustees and benefactors of the chapel,[11] which was built in 1703 on land named Goosehey[12] given for a peppercorn rent on a 2000-year lease by John Andrews ofRivington Manor, with the stipulation it should only be used for religious services of Protestants dissenting from the Church of England. The chapel was built of fourbays measuring 40 by 30 yards.[13] By 1704 a formal trust deed had been signed and by 1737 the chapel was well funded.[9][14][15] Rev. John Turner, minister here 1716 to 1717 had assisted the defeat of theJacobite rising at theBattle of Preston 1715.[16] Between 1717 and 1729 records presented to government show a congregation of 395.[17] At Rivington Chapel theUnitarian doctrine replacedPresbyterianism[18] in 1754 and around that time the chapel became licensed for weddings, the license was changed in 2021 to enable same sex marriages to take place here.[19][20]Rivington Church andRivington Grammar School remained under the influence of leading nonconformist figures including the LancashireLords Willoughby of Parham and the new nonconformist owners ofRivington Manor, the influence over theRivington Church lasted until 1763, despite numerous laws to suppress nonconformity.[21][14]
In 1760 four men, Hugh Makinson, Moses Cocker, Thomas Anderton and John Ashworth, rallied support to build the Presbyterian Lee Chapel inHorwich, in opposition of Unitarianism at Rivington. The chapel joined an existing congregation, which had first met in the house of Thomas Willoughby in Horwich from 1672 and this led to the building of a new chapel there in 1774. In this way the Horwich and Rivington chapels were "rent in twain", to quote the local historianThomas Hampson writing in 1893.[19]
Amanse, or minister's house, was built in 1787. ASunday school began in 1795 in the adjacent school house and a library was added by Rev James Taylor,[22] operating between 1821 and 1985. The congregation of the chapel stopped an invasion ofMethodists who tried to convert them by holding a loud service at the chapel gates in 1893 in an attempt to overpower the congregation of the chapel indoors. The Methodist preacher was overcome by the noise from the banging of a silver tea tray by the occupant of New Hall, who like other villagers was annoyed at the intrusion.[23]J. M. Andrews, the secondPrime Minister of Northern Ireland, was married to Jessie Ormrod at the chapel in 1902.[9]
The interior of the chapel had extensive repairs in 1952 and 1960. The chapel was the focus of a national pilgrimage of Unitarians in 1961.[1] The manse is now a private residence; money from the sale was used to create a garden of remembrance in 1970 with surrounding wall containing niches forcrematorium ashes. After the library closed in 1985, the building became a café, now known as Rivington Village Green Tea Room. The exterior had major work again more recently, especially to the roof area to preserve it in 2016 at a cost of £35,828, £5000 for land drain repair and for toilet drain repair £3,480 in 2022.[24]
The chapel is a plain structure, originally with aThatched roof which remained repaired as late as 1790.[25] The building is of localgritstone withquoins at the corners and now has a slate roof.[26] It has a small, hexagonalbellcote on the west gable, the bell is recorded as being purchased in 1876.[27] The side walls have two cross-windows with rectangular panes of glass and the gable walls have windows with small diamond-latticed panes of glass. On the south side are two doorways withchamfered surrounds; over one door is alintel dated 1703. At the north-west corner is a two-storey wing with a tall chimney stack, which was the school house.[3] The building is surrounded by adrystone wall and the chapel's original bell and itscast iron gates dating to 1816 survive.[26][9]
The ceiling issupported by oak beams. The chapel is plainly painted inside withlime wash with recorded use since 1808.[28] On the north wall between the windows is a raised five-sided panelledpulpit with carvedfrieze and mouldedcornice, one of few remaining in its original position, most having been moved in theVictorian era. A rail at the front of the pulpit is inscribed with the words 'Marriages may be solemnised in this chapel', this originates to eventual recognition in 1754 of marriages conducted in the chapel and is a reminder that the congregation was once oppressed. The chapel retains itsbox pews, which were originally individually owned or rented. The Willoughby pew by the south wall has a large ornatecanopy with paneledreredos and a moulded and carvedcornice in the classical style. There is achoir stall at the east end. Thechurch organ at the south-east corner was a gift in 1843 from Halliwell Road Unitarian Chapel inBolton, and has been restored, some of the original pews were removed to make way for the organ.[29] Inscribed in the wood of the pews at this side highlighted in gold leaf are the words 'Let the peeling organ blow'. The chapel has electric lighting added during renovations in 1952 and the originalcandle holders have been retained.[26][9]
The memorial to Rev. Samuel Newton is a broken piece of slate that was recovered from the chapel yard by workmen in 1844 and was reassembled and mounted in a frame above the entrance and reads "Rev Samuel Newton driven from Church on Bartholomew Sunday 1662". On the north wall is large 18th-century monument to the family of the11th to 15th Barons Willoughby of Parham.[3] Brass plates on two pew doors are inscribed "Robert Andrews, John William Crompton, Andrew Crompton" and "The Right Honorable Hugh Lord Willoughyby F.R.S of Parham obit 1765".[30] Other memorials are that of the Andrews ofRivington Hall inscribed with the words "In memory of their beloved Uncle, Robert Andrews, of Rivington Esquire, who died July 4th 1858 aged 73 years and of John Andrews, his brother who died December 22, 1865 in the 80th year of his age. The monument was erected by their surviving nieces." The memorial to the Cromptons who were the last hereditary owners of Rivington Hall before sale toLeverhulme reads "In memory of my beloved husband and devoted father and brother, Andrew Crompton of Rivington who died 4th February 1933 aged 64 years also his father John William Crompton of Rivington Esquire who died 23rd March 1905 age 70 years and his mother Margaret Evelyn who died 11 February 1910 age 65 years and his wife Teresa Richardson who died 15th September 1858 age 81." There is a memorial to a former minister that reads "In affectionate memory of Rev Samuel Thompson, the faithful minister of this chapel, from January 1st 1881 to July 1st 1909, he being dead yet speaketh". other memorials are to the families of Lowe, Smithells and Brindle. The Norris memorial was created from a brass plaque that was unearthed during maintenance work in the 1990s in the oldest part of the chapel yard.
The original chapel yard had no path and was covered by grass. Until the early 20th century the chapel was heavily covered inIvy and the gate was kept locked and entry was accompanied if no service was being conducted, during which the service was conducted with windows open in summer.[31] Gravestones are a variety of types, with the earlier ones being slabs raised by stone sides, many of the raised grave slabs had to be lowered to ground level due to the supports sinking by the mid 20th century. Some graves at ground level were surrounded by decorative wrought iron railings, the ironwork was removed inWorld War II by government for use in munitions production.[9] There are graves here with monuments to the Pilkingtons, Andrews, and Cromptons,Lords of theManor of Rivington;[32] the Shaws, whose ancestry can be traced to 1190;[11] the Ormrods; Samuel Oldknow "of Nottingham, late of Anderton", who died on 7 August 1759 and whose son,Samuel Oldknow, was a factory owner[3] and the firstMayor of Bolton, C. J. Darbyshire.[33] A plaque commemoratesWalt Whitman, celebrated on 31 May 1913 by the minister, Samuel Thompson and theEagle Street College.[34][35]
There are Four date stones in the graveyard at either side of the entrance one dated 1695, another stone inscribed with initials I over IR 1698 being the initials of James and Rebecca Isherwood, from Woods Farm otherwise known as Ainsworths Farm. Others are fromRivington Hall coach house 1713 with initials WBMI, is William and wife Martha Breres and John and 1732 A over AI are the initials of John Andrews and his wife Abigail.[36]
Historically Sunday service was 10am and dress code adopted by the congregation was formal, it is now smart casual. Until the 20th century young females would attend carryingposeys oflad's-love,Thyme,Pink's, androses, thePreacher arrived directly into Chapel, in plain clothing, no gown and prior to arrival of the organ in 1843 music was by way of aBassoon andvioloncello, hymn numbers were given to the congregation by writing them on a slate with chalk, there is now a hymn board.[31]
The chapel remains an active place of worship: services are held at 2:15 pm on the first and third Sunday of each month, andthe bell is rung to call worshippers to the service and a candle lit at the commencement.[9]
The Chapel participates in the annual Rivington Spring Festival in May, holds a Strawberry Tea in June, Late Summer Fair in September, day trips, open days and an annual meal.[24] In addition to weddings, blessings, baptisms (naming ceremony), and funerals.
The congregation is a member of the Manchester District Association of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches,[37] part of theumbrella organisation for British Unitarians, theGeneral Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches.
The chapel's motto is:
"Here is quietness for the healing of our spirits;
Here is history for the background of our lives;
Here let no one be a stranger."[1]
{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)Buildings and structures in theBorough of Chorley | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade I |  | ||||
| Grade II* |
| ||||
| Grade II |
| ||||
| Scheduled monuments | |||||
| Unlisted |
| ||||
| Derelict or demolished | |||||
| Listed in | |||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
