| River Nith | |
|---|---|
 The estuary of the River Nith, opening intoSolway Firth south of Dumfries | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | Scotland |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Enoch Hill |
| • coordinates | 55°19′41″N4°17′02″W / 55.328°N 4.284°W /55.328; -4.284 |
| Mouth | |
• location | Solway Firth |
| Length | 70 mi (110 km) |
| Basin size | 1,230 km2 (470 sq mi)[1] |
TheRiver Nith (Scottish Gaelic:Abhainn Nid;Common Brittonic:Nowios) is a river in south-west Scotland. The Nith rises in theCarsphairn hills ofEast Ayrshire, between Prickeny Hill and Enoch Hill, 4.4 miles (7.1 km) east ofDalmellington.[2] For the majority of its 70 miles (110 km) course[3] it flows in a south-easterly direction throughDumfries and Galloway and then into theSolway Firth at Airds Point.[2]
The territory through which the river flows is calledNithsdale (historically known as "Stranit" fromScottish Gaelic:Strath Nid, "valley of the Nith").
For estuaries the principle followed is that the river should be visible at all times. The measurement therefore follows the centre of the river at low tide and the mouth of the river is assumed to be at the coastal high tide mark. In Scotland this does not generally make a significant difference, except for rivers draining into shallow sloping sands of the Irish Sea and Solway Firth, notably the Nith. At low tide, the sea recedes to such an extent that the length of the Nith is extended by 13 km to 113.8 km (70.7 miles), making it Scotland's seventh longest river.[4]
The estuary of the River Nith is an internationally important winter feeding site forwaders,geese and otherwildfowl,[5] and is for this reason protected at an international level as part of the Upper Solway Flats and MarshesRamsar site andSpecial Protection Area.[6][7] The SPA supports virtually the entireSvalbard population ofbarnacle geese during winter.[8]
The area also forms part of the Solway FirthSpecial Area of Conservation, which is protected due to the presence of several priority habitats, and as well as populations ofsea lamprey andriver lamprey.[9] At a national level, the area is aSite of Special Scientific Interest and is within theCaerlaverock National Nature Reserve.[10]
The Nith EstuaryNational Scenic Area recognises the scenic value of the area.[11] It is one of 40 such areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection from inappropriate development by restricting certain forms of development.[12] The Nith Estuary NSA covers 14,337 ha in total, consisting of 14,310 ha of land andintertidal sand and mudflats, as well as a further 28 ha that is below low water.[13] Management of the NSA is the responsibility ofDumfries and Galloway Council, who have produced a management strategy for the area.[14]
Upstream to downstream:
| National | |
|---|---|
| Geographic | |
