Ritchie Valens | |
|---|---|
 Valens in 1958 | |
| Born | Richard Steven Valenzuela (1941-05-13)May 13, 1941 |
| Died | February 3, 1959(1959-02-03) (aged 17) Grant Township, Iowa, U.S. |
| Cause of death | Blunt trauma as a result of aplane accident |
| Resting place | San Fernando Mission Cemetery |
| Other names | Ritchie Valens, Arvee Allens[1][2] |
| Occupations |
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| Years active | 1957–1959 |
| Musical career | |
| Genres | |
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Musical artist | |
| Website | www |
| Signature | |
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Richard Steven Valenzuela (May 13, 1941 – February 3, 1959),[3] better known by his stage nameRitchie Valens, was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. Arock and roll pioneer and a forefather of theChicano rock movement, Valens died ina plane crash just eight months after his breakthrough.[4]
Valens had several hits, most notably "La Bamba", which he had adapted from a Mexican folk song. Valens transformed the song into one with a rock rhythm and beat, and it became a hit in 1958,[5][6] making Valens a pioneer of theSpanish-speaking rock and roll movement. He also had an American number-two hit with "Donna".
On February 3, 1959, on what has become known as "The Day the Music Died", Valens died in a plane crash inIowa, an accident that also claimed the lives of fellow musiciansBuddy Holly andJ. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, as well as pilot Roger Peterson. Valens was 17 years old at the time of his death. Hiseponymous debut album was released nine days later and his second albumRitchie was released later that year in October. He was posthumously inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame, theRockabilly Hall of Fame, theNative American Music Awards Hall of Fame, theCalifornia Hall of Fame, and has a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame.
Valens was born as Richard Steven Valenzuela on May 13, 1941, inPacoima,[3] a neighborhood in theSan Fernando Valley region ofLos Angeles. His parents were from the town ofVícam,Sonora, and were both ofYaqui indigenous ancestry, having immigrated to the United States in search of a better life. Although Valenzuela is not a Yaqui surname, many indigenous families adopted it during thePorfiriato dictatorship to avoid forcible removal from their lands, similar to the case ofFernando Valenzuela, who was ofMayo ancestry.[7]
Valenzuela was brought up hearing traditional Mexicanmariachi music, as well asflamenco guitar,[8]R&B, andjump blues. He expressed an interest in making music of his own by the age of five. Valenzuela was encouraged by his father to take up guitar and trumpet, and later taught himself the drums. Though Valenzuela was left-handed, he was so eager to learn the guitar that he mastered the traditional right-handed version of the instrument.
Valenzuela was a 15-year-old student at Pacoima Junior High School at the time of the1957 Pacoima mid-air collision. He was not at school that day since he was attending his grandfather's funeral.[9][10] Recurring nightmares of the disaster led to Valens'sfear of flying.[11]
By the time Valenzuela was attending Pacoima Junior High School (nowPacoima Middle School), he would bring his guitar to school and sing and play songs to his friends on the bleachers.[12] When Valenzuela was 16 years old, he was invited to join a local band, The Silhouettes (not to be confused withthe group of the same name famous for its hit song"Get a Job"). Valenzuela began as a guitarist, and when the main vocalist left the group, he took over the position. On June 19, 1957, Valenzuela made his performing debut with The Silhouettes.
Valenzuela also attendedSan Fernando High School.[13]
A self-taught musician, Valenzuela was an accomplished singer and guitarist. At his appearances, Valenzuela often improvised new lyrics and added new riffs to popular songs while he was playing.
Bob Keane, the owner and president of small record labelDel-Fi Records inHollywood, was given a tip in May 1958 by San Fernando High School student Doug Macchia about a young performer from Pacoima by the name of Richard Valenzuela. Kids knew the performer as "theLittle Richard ofSan Fernando". Swayed by the Little Richard comparison, Keane went to see Valenzuela play a Saturday-morning matinée at a movie theater in San Fernando. Impressed by the performance, he invited Valenzuela to audition at his home in theSilver Lake area of Los Angeles, where he had a small recording studio in his basement. His recording equipment comprised an early stereo recorder (a two-trackAmpex 601-2 portable) and a pair ofNeumann U-47 condenser microphones.After this first audition, Keane signed Valenzuela to Del-Fi on May 14, 1958. At this point, the musician took the name "Ritchie" because, as Keane said, "There were a bunch of 'Richards' around at that time, and I wanted it to be different." Similarly, Keane recommended shortening his surname to "Valens" from Valenzuela to widen his appeal beyond any obvious ethnic group.[14] Valens was ready to enter the studio with a full band backing him. The musicians includedRené Hall,Carol Kaye, andEarl Palmer. The first songs recorded atGold Star Studios, at a single studio session one afternoon in May 1958, were"Come On, Let's Go", an original, credited to Valens/Kuhn (Keane's real name), and "Framed", aLeiber and Stoller tune. Pressed and released within days of the recording session, the record was a success. Valens' next record, a double A-side, had the song "Donna" (written about a real girlfriend Donna Ludwig[15]) coupled with "La Bamba". It sold over one million copies, and was awarded agold disc by theRecording Industry Association of America.[16]
By the autumn of 1958, the demands of Valens's career forced him to drop out of high school. Keane booked appearances at venues across the United States and performances on television programs.
On October 6, 1958, Valens made his first appearance onDick Clark'sAmerican Bandstand singing "Come On, Let's Go". Soon after, Valens traveled toHonolulu, Hawaii, to perform under the banner of the "11th Show of Stars".[17] On December 10, 1958, after his trip to Honolulu, Valens made an appearance back at Pacoima Junior High School (nowPacoima Middle School). This concert was posthumously released asRitchie Valens in Concert at Pacoima Jr. High; it was Valens' only live performance ever recorded. In mid-December 1958, Valens left forNew York City. Keane had managed to book him as a late addition to "Alan Freed's Christmas Jubilee Show" where Valens performed withThe Everly Brothers,Bo Diddley,Chuck Berry,Jackie Wilson,Eddie Cochran and others.[18] On December 27, Valens performed "Donna" onThe Dick Clark Show.[citation needed] He played a few more shows in New York, including his only performance at the famousApollo Theater.[17] On January 17, 1959, he appeared atWest Covina High School withSam Cooke for a student organized fundraiser called "The Teen Canteen Foundation".[17]
Valens was in a relationship with Donna Ludwig, his high school sweetheart, from 1957 until his death. Ludwig's racist parents disapproved of her dating a Hispanic boy. Valens's song "Donna" was written for her. Their relationship became strained due to Valens' increasing popularity and touring. After his death,Elvis Presley had one of his bodyguards arrange a date with Ludwig so that he could know all about Valens.[19] In 1987, she attended the premiere ofLa Bamba, a biopic featuring the life and career of Valens.
Valens was one of the five acts billed for the Winter Dance Party tour, performing withBuddy Holly,"The Big Bopper" J. P. Richardson,Dion and the Belmonts, andFrankie Sardo beginning on January 23, 1959, inMilwaukee, Wisconsin. The tour was plagued by subzero temperatures and numerous logistical problems. The unheated tour buses twice broke down in freezing weather, with Valens and Richardson experiencingflu-like symptoms throughout the tour. After the bus stalled inDuluth, Minnesota on January 31, conditions were so bad that Holly's drummer,Carl Bunch, was hospitalized for severefrostbite sustained on the bus.[20][21] To fill in for Bunch, Holly, Valens, and Carlo Mastrangelo of The Belmonts all took turns drumming for one another.[22]
After the February 2, 1959, performance inClear Lake, Iowa (which ended around midnight), Holly, Richardson, and Valens flew out of theMason City airport in a small plane that Holly had chartered.[20] Valens was on the plane since he won acoin toss with Holly's backup guitaristTommy Allsup.[23] Bob Hale, a disc jockey with Mason City'sKRIB-AM, wasemceeing the concert that night and flipped the coin in the ballroom's side-stage room shortly before the musicians departed for the airport. Valens is apocryphally said to have remarked, "That's the first time I've ever won anything in my life." Holly's bassist,Waylon Jennings, voluntarily gave up his seat on the plane toJ.P. Richardson, who was ill with the flu.[24]
At around 12:55 a.m. on February 3, 1959, the four-passengerBeechcraft Bonanza, (N3794N), departed forFargo, North Dakota, and crashed a few minutes after takeoff. The cause was apparently loss of control by the pilot Roger Peterson, who was not qualified for the deteriorating weather.[25] The crash killed all four men instantly upon impact. As with Holly, Richardson and Peterson, Valens suffered massive fatal head injuries along withblunt-force trauma to the chest.[26][27] At the age of 17, Valens was the youngest to die in the crash.
The tragedy inspired singerDon McLean to write his 1971 hit "American Pie", immortalizing February 3 as "The Day the Music Died". Valens was buried atSan Fernando Mission Cemetery inMission Hills, Los Angeles, California.
Valens was a pioneer ofChicano rock andLatin rock, inspiring many musicians of Mexican heritage. He influenced the likes ofLos Lobos,Los Lonely Boys, andCarlos Santana, as Valens had become nationally successful at a time when very few Latinos were inAmerican rock andpop music. He is considered the first Latino to successfully cross over into mainstream rock.
"La Bamba" proved to be his most influential recording, not only by becoming a pop chart hit sung entirely in Spanish, but also because of its successful blending of traditional Latin American music with rock. Valens was the first to capitalize on this formula, which was later adopted by such varied artists as Carlos Santana,Selena,Caifanes,Café Tacuba,Circo,El Gran Silencio,Aterciopelados,Gustavo Santaolalla, and many others in theLatin alternative scene. The Valenzuela family spoke only English at home, and he knew very little Spanish.[disputed –discuss] Valenslearned the lyrics phonetically to record "La Bamba" in Spanish. In 2019, the Valens version of "La Bamba" was selected by the U.S.Library of Congress for preservation in theNational Recording Registry as "culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant".[28][29]
Valens was nominated for aGrammy Award forSong of the Year in 1988 for La Bamba.
In 2015,Billboard magazine listed Valens on its list of the 30 most influential Latino artists in history, citing "the influence of the Rock and Roll Hall of Famer lives on in today's Latin alternative artists" and also citing "the pioneering Latino artists's enduring crossover hit "La Bamba" proved early on that Mexican-rooted music and Spanish lyrics appealed to the mainstream".
"Come On, Let's Go" has been recorded by Los Lobos, theRamones and thePaley Brothers (the Ramones on guitar, bass, and drums and the Paley Brothers on vocals),Tommy Steele, theHuntingtons,Girl in a Coma, and theMcCoys. Johnny Rebb and his Rebels recorded the song for Leedon/Canetoad Records in Australia. "Donna" has been recorded by artists as diverse asMxPx,Marty Wilde, theYoungbloods,Clem Snide,Cappadonna, andMisfits.
Robert Quine has cited Valens's guitar playing as an early influence on his style. Valens also inspiredJimi Hendrix,Chan Romero,Carlos Santana,the Beatles,Chris Montez,Keith O'Conner Murphy,the Beach Boys andLed Zeppelin, among others.[citation needed]
Valens's mother, Concha, who died in 1987, is buried alongside him.[30]
In 1989, Ken Paquette, aWisconsin fan of the 1950s era, erected a stainless-steel monument depicting a guitar and a set of three records bearing the names of each of the three performers killed in the accident. It is located on private farmland, about 1.25 miles (2.01 km) west of the intersection of 315th Street and Gull Avenue, about 8 miles (13 km) north of Clear Lake. He also created a similar stainless-steel monument to the three musicians that was installed near theRiverside Ballroom inGreen Bay, Wisconsin. That memorial was unveiled on July 17, 2003.[33]
Paxton Park in Pacoima was renamed Ritchie Valens Recreation Center in memory of Valens in the 1990s. There is also a pool nearby named the Ritchie Valens Pool. At the recreation center, there is also askatepark named Ritchie Valens Skate Plaza. A city council member representing Pacoima proposed the renaming to honor Valens so residents would "remember his humble background and emulate his accomplishments."[34]
Musician Tommy Allsup started a club, "Tommy's Heads Up Saloon", inDallas in 1979. The club was named for the fateful coin toss between Valens and himtwenty years prior.[35]
"Boogie with Stu" fromLed Zeppelin'sPhysical Graffiti album was inspired by Valens' song "Ooh, My Head". It did not credit Valens orBob Keane, instead crediting Valens' mother. Eventually, a lawsuit was filed by Keane, and half of the award went to Valens' mother, although she was not part of the suit.[36]
On May 11, 1990, a star bearing Valens' name was unveiled on theHollywood Walk of Fame. The star cost $3,500, which was paid for with money raised in his name by family and friends. His star permanently resides at 6733 Hollywood Boulevard in front of Artisan's Patio mini mall.[37]
On February 2, 2009,Surf Ballroom held a 50th anniversary honoring the last concert of Buddy Holly, J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, and Valens. The event lasted one week and had performances that honored the memories of the three men. Family members and friends of the stars made appearances.[38]
Many murals have been painted around Pacoima in honor of the late Valens.In 1985, artist Manuel Velasquez (assisted by 25 students) created a 12 by 20 ft (4 by 6 m) mural, which was painted on the side of a classroom building at the former Pacoima Junior High (now Pacoima Middle School) depicting Valens's image, records labeled with some of his greatest hits, and the newspaper article about the plane crash that took his life.[39]Another mural went up in 2012 at the intersection of Van Nuys Boulevard and Amboy Avenue, which was painted by Hector Ponce. A second one was painted in 2012 by Levi Ponce and is located on Van Nuys Boulevard and Telfair Avenue. A monument has also been built as a tribute. It was put on display in 2013, and is located at Ritchie Valens Park at 10731 Laurel Canyon Boulevard.[40]
On May 13, 2016, what would have been Valens' 75th birthday, theLos Angeles City Council declared May 13 "Ritchie Valens Day".[8]
A section of theInterstate 5 Freeway in the northeastSan Fernando Valley has been named after Valens. The Ritchie Valens Memorial Highway is located between the 170 and 118 freeways.[41] On August 25, 2018, a celebration was held in his honor to commemorate his legacy. The unveiling ceremony was held at Ritchie Valens Park, located at 10731 Laurel Canyon Boulevard in Pacoima. Replicas of the freeway sign were revealed at the celebration. The event was open to the public and free to attend. A few relatives of Valens played live performances as a tribute to the late singer. Leaders from the community and state gathered for the festivities.[40]
In May 2022, theUnited States Post Office in Pacoima, California was renamed the Ritchie Valens Post Office in honor of Valens.[42]
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
|---|---|---|
| US | ||
| Ritchie Valens |
| 23 |
| Ritchie |
| — |
| Title | Album details |
|---|---|
| In Concert at Pacoima Jr. High |
|
| Title | Album details |
|---|---|
| Ritchie Valens Memorial Album / (His Greatest Hits) |
|
| His Greatest Hits Volume 2 |
|
| History of Ritchie Valens |
|
| The Best of Ritchie Valens |
|
| The Ritchie Valens Story |
|
| Rockin' All Night: The Very Best of Ritchie Valens |
|
| Come On, Let's Go! |
|
| Year | Titles (b/w indicates B-side track) Both sides from same album except where indicated | Record label | Peak chart positions | Album | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Billboard [43] | US Cashbox | AUS [44] | ||||
| 1958 | "Come On, Let's Go" b/w "Framed" | Del-Fi 4106 | 42 | 51 | 53 | Ritchie Valens |
| "Donna" / "La Bamba" | Del-Fi 4110 | 2 22 | 2 49 | 4 | ||
| 1959 | "Fast Freight" b/w "Big Baby Blues" Original pressings shown as "Arvee Allens"; later pressings shown as "Ritchie Valens" | Del-Fi 4111 | — | — | N/a | Ritchie |
| "That's My Little Suzie" b/w "In a Turkish Town" | Del-Fi 4114 | 55 | 43 | N/a | Ritchie Valens | |
| "Little Girl" b/w "We Belong Together" (fromRitchie Valens) | Del-Fi 4117 | 92 | 93 | N/a | Ritchie | |
| "Stay Beside Me" | Del-Fi 4128 | — | — | N/a | ||
| 1960 | "The Paddiwack Song" b/w "Cry, Cry, Cry" The above three singles were issued on gold Valens Memorial Series labels. Del-Fi 4117 was also issued with picture sleeve. | Del-Fi 4133 | — | — | N/a | |
| 1987 | "La Bamba '87" b/w "La Bamba" (original version fromRitchie Valens) | Del-Fi 1287 | — | — | 89 | Non-album track |
| 1998 | "Come On, Let's Go" b/w "La Bamba" | Del-Fi 51341 | — | — | — | Come On, Let's Go! |
One student developed an intense fear of flying after the accident--Ricardo Valenzuela, who later adopted the name Ritchie Valens.
