Risaralda (Spanish pronunciation:[risaˈɾalda]) is adepartment ofColombia. It is located in the western central of the country, in theAndean region, It is part of theCoffee axis withCaldas andQuindío. Its capital isPereira. Risaralda is very well known for the high quality of itscoffee, and a booming industry: automotive, clothes, food, trading of goods and services.
It was divided from the department of Caldas in 1966. The territory is very mountainous and has many kinds of climates in a very small area. Its proximity to harbours such asBuenaventura on thePacific Region and to the biggest cities in Colombia –Bogotá,Cali,Medellín – makes it a fast-growing economic centre.
Risaralda department with an area of 3,653 km2 (1,410 sq mi), is located in the central sector of the central Andean region west of the country between two major poles of economic development (department of Antioquia in northern and southernCauca Valley, extending between the central and western Cordillera), which slopes down toward theRío Cauca, also borders the departments of Caldas in the north-east, east Tolima, Quindio Chocó south and west.
The department's drainage system consists of two major basins, theCauca River and theSan Juan River. Physiographical formations are covered by the volcanic massifs of the central and western mountain ranges, flat and narrow valleys formed by the natural river basins of theOtún River, the Cauca River, Risaralda River, andLa Vieja River.
Its main stages are: Nevado de Santa Isabel (Pereira), Cerro de Tatamá (Sanctuary), Cerro de Caramanta (Mistrató), Alto de las Palomas (Pueblo Rico), Alto de Pelahuevos (APIA), Blade la Serna (Mistrató), San Juan Blade (APIA), Blade of the Content (APIA), Blade Tribune (Pereira), Alto del Nudo and Morro Azul (Pereira), Alto de la Campana (APIA) and the Crystalline High (Belen de Umbria.)
The soils of the department have their origin in igneous rocks and volcanic ash derived from sedimentary rocks and alluvial and colluvial materials. According to these materials, located in the county soil units: manila, Parnaz or 200, unit 10 or Chinchiná and Malabar, being the most extensive in the coffee or Chinchiná unit 10.
As for the classification agrological (crops) 6.4% of the departmental area (except the municipalities of Pueblo Rico, Belén de Umbria Mistrató and have not agrological study) corresponds to classes II, III, and IV, 77.2% to class V, VI, VII, and 16.4% to class VIII and in appearance agrological mainly found Mj units and Fn., which occupy 58.6% of the total area considered suitable for a variety of crops and forests.
In the department there are a variety of life zones, which are distributed as follows: BMH-PM (40.3%), BMH-MB (28.7%), BP-pm (9.4%) and the rest (21.5%) are bs -T-T bh, bh-T, bh-PM, bp-MB, BH-F, bp-M, among others.
Before the European conquest the territory was inhabited by theQuimbaya and Caramanta people. The first conquistadores arrived in the 1537 expedition headed bySebastián de Belalcázar.
Some Spanish towns were founded, but the decline of the indigenous population and low immigration of Europeans led to Risaralda sitting largely abandoned until the mid-nineteenth century, when coffee cultivation arrived.
During the colonial and early years of the Republic, the region was subject toPopayán Province. In 1821 it became part of theCauca Department. In 1857 it became part of theFederal State of Cauca. In 1905, Risaralda was attached to theCaldas Department. In 1966 it was created as a separate department with its capital inPereira.
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