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Arione of Rome (Italian:[riˈoːne];pl.:rioni of Rome) is a traditionaladministrative division of the city ofRome.Rione is anItalian term used since the 14th century to name a district of a town.[1] The term was born in Rome, originating from the administrative divisions of the city. The word comes from theLatin wordregio (pl.:regiones), 'region'; during theMiddle Ages the Latin word becamerejones, from whichrione comes. Currently, all therioni are located inMunicipio I of Rome.
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According to tradition,Servius Tullius, sixthking of Rome, first divided the city intoregiones, numbering four. During administrative reorganization after theRoman Republic collapsed, the first emperorAugustus created the14regiones of Rome that were to remain in effect throughout theImperial era, as attested by the 4th-centuryCataloghi regionari, that name them and provide data for each. All butTranstiberim (the modernTrastevere) were on the left bank of the RiverTiber. The regions were:
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After the fall of theWestern Roman Empire and the decline ofRome, the population decreased and the division intoregiones was lost. During the 12th century a division in 12 parts started being used, although not officially, but simply by the common use of the people. Even if the areas were different from the ancient ones, they still used the same name:regio in Latin andrione in the vulgar language.
The limits of therioni became more definitive and official in the 13th century: their number increased to 13 and it remained the same until the 16th century. In this period, anyway, the limits were quite uncertain. Therione was not a political entity, but only an administrative one. The chief of arione was theCaporione.
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During theRenaissance there was a deep reorganization and expansion of the city, so it became necessary to delimit therioni exactly.
In 1586Pope Sixtus V added to the 13rioni another one:Borgo, which before had been administered separately from the city. This situation, thanks to the low population increase, did not change until the 19th century.
In 1744Pope Benedict XIV, because of frequent misunderstanding, decided to replan the administrative division of Rome, giving the responsibility of it to Count Bernardini. The marble plates defining the borders of eachrione, many of which still exist, were installed in that year on the facades of houses lying at eachrione's border.
In 1798, during theRoman Republic, there was a rationalization of the administrative division of the city creating 12rioni (with the modernrione in parentheses):
Soon after this, during the domination ofNapoleon, Rome was split up in 8 parts, now calledGiustizie ('justices'):
So the smallerrioni were united to the large ones. At this time the French affixed in each street a plate with its name and the areas it belonged to.
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After Napoleon lost his power there were no significant changes in the organization of the city until Rome became the capital of the newborn Italy. The needs of the new capital caused a great urbanization and an increase of the population, both within theAurelian Walls and outside them. In 1874 therioni became 15, with the addition ofEsquilino, created by taking a portion fromMonti. At the beginning of the 20th century, somerioni started being split up and the first parts outside the Aurelian Walls started being considered part of the city.
In 1921 the number of therioni increased to 22.Prati was the lastrione to be established and the only one outside the walls of Urbanus VIII.
The latest reform, which is still mostly valid, was made in 1972: Rome was divided in 20circoscrizioni (later renamedmunicipi, one of which became later the independent municipality of Fiumicino) and 20rioni (which together form theCentro Storico) constituted the first one,Municipio I. The two remaining,Borgo andPrati, belonged toMunicipio XVII until 2013. Since then they belong with the rest of therioni as part of Municipio I.
The complete list of the modernrioni, in order of number, is the following:
Media related toCoats of Arms of districts of Rome at Wikimedia Commons
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Media related toDistricts of Rome at Wikimedia Commons
