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Rinconsauria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extinct clade of titanosaurian sauropods

Rinconsauria
Temporal range:Late Cretaceous,89–84 Ma
Life reconstruction ofRinconsaurus caudamirus
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Dinosauria
Clade:Saurischia
Clade:Sauropodomorpha
Clade:Sauropoda
Clade:Macronaria
Clade:Titanosauria
Clade:Eutitanosauria
Clade:Colossosauria
Clade:Rinconsauria
Calvo et al., 2007
Genera

SeeList of potentially included genera section for other members

Rinconsauria is anextinctclade oftitanosaurian sauropods known from the lateCretaceous period of Argentina. All members of this clade are fairly small compared to the largest titanosaurs, at less than around 11 metres (36 ft) long.[1] The membership of Rinconsauria is highly unstable; some phylogenetic analyses find the clade to be restricted to the two genera that define the clade,Rinconsaurus andMuyelensaurus, but over twenty other titanosaur genera have been included in the clade by various analyses.

Systematics

[edit]

Rinconsauria was coined by Calvo et al. (2007) to include their new titanosaurMuyelensaurus and the previously describedRinconsaurus.[2] Santucci and Arruda-Campos (2011) recovered Rinconsauria as part ofAeolosaurini, as did Franca et al. (2016) and Silva et al. (2019).[3][4][2] However, cladistic analyses by Gonzalez-Riga et al. (2019) and Mannion et al. (2019) foundAeolosaurus to be in a phylogenetically disparate position than Rinconsauria, with Rinconsauria as sister toLognkosauria in the clade Colossosauria.[5][6]

The membership of Rinconsauria has varied considerably between different phylogenetic analyses. As originally proposed by Calvo and colleagues, the clade included only two genera,Rinconsaurus andMuyelensaurus, which were defined to be members of the clade.[2] Not all phylogenetic analyses have recoveredMuyelensaurus andRinconsaurus as closely related among titanosaurs. In 2011, Santucci and Campos recoveredRinconsaurus as closely related toAeolosaurus whileMuyelensaurus was recovered as a more basal titanosaur, outside the clade uniting Aeolosaurini and Saltasauridae.[7] One analysis by Mannion and colleagues in 2019 recoveredRinconsaurus as a non-lithostrotian titanosaur andMuyelensaurus as a lithostrotian closely related toAntarctosaurus andMendozasaurus.[6] A phylogenetic analysis by Gallina and Otero in 2015 foundMuyelensaurus to be more closely related to a clade consisting ofFutalognkosaurus,Mendozasaurus,Bonitasaura,Laplatasaurus, andUberabatitan than toRinconsaurus.[8]

Rinconsauria may be closely related to Aeolosaurini,[9] and in fact several analyses have found Aeolosaurini to fall within Rinconsauria,[10][11] while others have found the two clades to be separate.[5][12][1]

List of potentially included genera

[edit]
  • Adamantisaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but previously considered a member of Titanosauriaincertae sedis[13]
  • Aeolosaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] and Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] but outside Rinconsauria in several analyses[2][12][14][15]
  • Argyrosaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
  • Arrudatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]
  • Baurutitan was recovered as a member of Rinconsauria in one analysis by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025,[15] but outside Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] and in another analysis by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]
  • Bonitasaura: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] while several analyses have found it to be outside Rinconsauria.[16][10][12][1]
  • Brasilotitan: recovered as member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi and colleagues in 2023.[12]
  • Bravasaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022.[10]
  • Chadititan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria in its original description by Agnolín and colleagues in 2025.[1]
  • Gondwanatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] but outside Rinconsauria by Calvo and colleagues in 2007[2] and Agnolín and colleagues in 2025.[1]
  • Maxakalisaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
  • Narambuenatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Pérez Moreno and colleagues in 2022,[17] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi and colleagues in 2023.[12]
  • Ninjatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Pérez Moreno and colleagues in 2022,[17] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi and colleagues in 2023.[12]
  • Normanniasaurus was recovered as a member of Rinconsauria in one analysis by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025,[15] and outside Rinconsauria, albeit closely related to it, in another analysis by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025,[15] and by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
  • Overosaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] and Agnolín and colleagues in 2025,[1] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi in colleagues in 2023[12] and Mocho and colleagues in 2024.[18]
  • Panamericansaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
  • Pitekunsaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Pérez Moreno and colleagues in 2022[17] and Agnolín and colleagues in 2025,[1] but outside Rinconsauria in several analyses.[19][14][18][15]
  • Punatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Hechenleitner and colleagues in 2020,[16] and Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Agnolín and colleagues in 2025.[1]
  • Rukwatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025,[15] but outside Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
  • Shingopana: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11] but outside Rinconsauria by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]
  • Trigonosaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022[10] and Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] but outside Rinconsauria by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]
  • Uberabatitan: Recovered as member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi and colleagues in 2023[12] and Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghAgnolín, Federico L.; Motta, Matías J.; Garcia Marsà, Jordi; Aranciaga-Rolando, Mauro A.; Álvarez-Herrera, Gerardo; Chimento, Nicolás R.; Rozadilla, Sebastian; Brissón-Egli, Federico; Cerroni, Mauricio A.; Panzeri, Karen M.; Bogan, Sergio; Casadio, Silvio; Sterli, Juliana; Miquel, Sergio E.; Martínez, Sergio; Pérez, Leandro M.; Pol, Diego; Novas, Fernando E. (2025)."New fossiliferous locality from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) from northern Patagonia, with the description of a new titanosaur".Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales.26 (2):217–259.doi:10.22179/REVMACN.26.885.ISSN 1853-0400. Archived fromthe original on 2025-03-31. Retrieved2025-03-06.
  2. ^abcdeCalvo, Jorge O; González-Riga, Bernardo J; Porfiri, Juan D (2007)."A new titanosaur sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina".Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.65 (4):485–504.
  3. ^Santucci, Rodrigo M.; De Arruda-Campos, Antonio C. (2011-10-31)."A new sauropod (Macronaria, Titanosauria) from the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and the phylogenetic relationships of Aeolosaurini".Zootaxa.3085 (1).doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3085.1.1.ISSN 1175-5334.
  4. ^França, Marco A.G.; Marsola, Júlio C. de A.; Riff, Douglas; Hsiou, Annie S.; Langer, Max C. (2016)."New lower jaw and teeth referred to Maxakalisaurus topai (Titanosauria: Aeolosaurini) and their implications for the phylogeny of titanosaurid sauropods".PeerJ.4 e2054.doi:10.7717/peerj.2054.ISSN 2167-8359.PMC 4906671.PMID 27330853.
  5. ^abGonzález Riga, Bernardo J.; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Otero, Alejandro; Ortiz David, Leonardo D.; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Ibiricu, Lucio M. (2019)."An overview of the appendicular skeletal anatomy of South American titanosaurian sauropods, with definition of a newly recognized clade".Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências.91 (suppl 2) e20180374.doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920180374.hdl:11336/106658.PMID 31340217.
  6. ^abMannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P.; Jin, X.; Zheng, W. (2019)."New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography".Royal Society Open Science.6 (8).Bibcode:2019RSOS....691057M.doi:10.1098/rsos.191057.PMC 6731702.PMID 31598266..
  7. ^Santucci, R.M.; De Arruda-Campos, A.C. (2011)."A new sauropod (Macronaria, Titanosauria) from the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and the phylogenetic relationships of Aeolosaurini".Zootaxa.3085 (1): 1.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3085.1.1.ISSN 1175-5334.
  8. ^Gallina, Pablo Ariel; Otero, Alejandro (2015-10-01)."Reassessment ofLaplatasaurus araukanicus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina"(PDF).Ameghiniana.52 (5): 487.Bibcode:2015Amegh..52..487G.doi:10.5710/amgh.08.06.2015.2911.ISSN 0002-7014.S2CID 131595654.
  9. ^Gallina, P.A.; González Riga, B.J.; Ortiz David, L.D. (2022). "Time for Giants: Titanosaurs from the Berriasian–Santonian Age". In Otero, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D. (eds.).South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Record, Diversity and Evolution. Springer. pp. 299–340.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3.ISBN 978-3-030-95958-6.ISSN 2197-9596.
  10. ^abcdefghijklNavarro, Bruno A.; Ghilardi, Aline M.; Aureliano, Tito; Díaz, Verónica Díez; Bandeira, Kamila L. N.; Cattaruzzi, André G. S.; Iori, Fabiano V.; Martine, Ariel M.; Carvalho, Alberto B.; Anelli, Luiz E.; Fernandes, Marcelo A.; Zaher, Hussam (2022-09-15)."A new nanoid titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil".Ameghiniana.59 (5):317–354.Bibcode:2022Amegh..59..477N.doi:10.5710/AMGH.25.08.2022.3477.ISSN 1851-8044.S2CID 251875979.
  11. ^abcdefghijklmGorscak, E.; Lamanna, M. C.; Schwarz, D.; Díez Díaz, V.; Salem, B. S.; Sallam, H. M.; Wiechmann, M. F. (2023)."A new titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Quseir Formation of the Kharga Oasis, Egypt".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.42 (6). e2199810.doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2199810.
  12. ^abcdefghFilippi, Leonardo S.; Juárez Valieri, Rubén D.; Gallina, Pablo A.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Gianechini, Federico A.; Garrido, Alberto C. (February 2024). "A rebbachisaurid-mimicking titanosaur and evidence of a Late Cretaceous faunal disturbance event in South-West Gondwana".Cretaceous Research.154 105754.Bibcode:2024CrRes.15405754F.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105754.ISSN 0195-6671.
  13. ^Santucci, R.M.; Filippi, L.S. (2022). "Last Titans: Titanosaurs From the Campanian–Maastrichtian Age". In Otero, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D. (eds.).South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Record, Diversity and Evolution. Springer. pp. 341–391.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3.ISBN 978-3-030-95958-6.ISSN 2197-9596.
  14. ^abPoropat, S. F.; Mannion, P. D.; Rigby, S. L.; Duncan, R. J.; Pentland, A. H.; Bevitt, J. J.; Sloan, T.; Elliott, D. A. (2023)."A nearly complete skull of the sauropod dinosaurDiamantinasaurus matildae from the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Australia and implications for the early evolution of titanosaurs".Royal Society Open Science.10 (4). 221618.Bibcode:2023RSOS...1021618P.doi:10.1098/rsos.221618.PMC 10090887.PMID 37063988.
  15. ^abcdefghijkDíez Díaz, V.; Mannion, P. D.; Csiki-Sava, Z.; Upchurch, P. (2025)."Revision of Romanian sauropod dinosaurs reveals high titanosaur diversity and body-size disparity on the latest Cretaceous Haţeg Island, with implications for titanosaurian biogeography".Journal of Systematic Palaeontology.23 (1). 2441516.Bibcode:2025JSPal..2341516D.doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2441516.
  16. ^abE. Martín Hechenleitner; Léa Leuzinger; Agustín G. Martinelli; Sebastián Rocher; Lucas E. Fiorelli; Jeremías R. A. Taborda; Leonardo Salgado (2020)."Two Late Cretaceous sauropods reveal titanosaurian dispersal across South America".Communications Biology.3 (1) 622.doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01338-w.PMC 7591563.PMID 33110212.
  17. ^abcPérez Moreno, Agustín; Otero, Alejandro; Carballido, José L.; Salgado, Leonardo; Calvo, Jorge O. (2022-10-07). "The appendicular skeleton of Rinconsaurus caudamirus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina".Cretaceous Research.142 105389.Bibcode:2023CrRes.14205389P.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105389.ISSN 0195-6671.S2CID 252799392.
  18. ^abMocho, P.; Escaso, F.; Marcos-Fernández, F.; Páramo, A.; Sanz, J. L.; Vidal, D.; Ortega, F. (2024)."A Spanish saltasauroid titanosaur reveals Europe as a melting pot of endemic and immigrant sauropods in the Late Cretaceous".Communications Biology.7 (1) 1016. 1016.doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06653-0.PMC 11375222.PMID 39232208.
  19. ^Coria, R. A.; Filippi, L. S.; Chiappe, L. M.; García, R.; Arcucci, A. B. (2013). "Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov. , a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina".Zootaxa.3683 (4):357–76.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.2.hdl:11336/21928.PMID 25250458.
Avemetatarsalia
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Saturnaliidae
Unaysauridae
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Riojasauridae
Massospondylidae
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Buriolestes schultzi

Pantydraco caducusMassospondylus carinatus

Jingshanosaurus xinwaensis
Lessemsauridae
Vulcanodontidae
Cetiosauridae
Mamenchisauridae
Turiasauria
Neosauropoda
Diplodocoidea
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Macronaria
  • (see below ↓ )
Dubious sauropods
Vulcanodon karibaensis

Barapasaurus tagoreiPatagosaurus fariasi

Turiasaurus riodevnesis
Rebbachisauridae
Khebbashia
Limaysaurinae
Rebbachisaurinae
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Pelorosaurus brevis

Sauroposeidon proteles

Wintonotitan wattsi
Lirainosaurinae
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Aeolosaurini
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Nemegtosauridae
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Opisthocoelicaudiinae
Saltasaurinae
Dubious titanosaurs
Andesaurus delgadoi

Ampelosaurus atacisFutalognkosaurus dukei

Saltasaurus loricatus
Topics in sauropodomorph research
Rinconsauria
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