Rinconsauria is anextinctclade oftitanosaurian sauropods known from the lateCretaceous period of Argentina. All members of this clade are fairly small compared to the largest titanosaurs, at less than around 11 metres (36 ft) long.[1] The membership of Rinconsauria is highly unstable; some phylogenetic analyses find the clade to be restricted to the two genera that define the clade,Rinconsaurus andMuyelensaurus, but over twenty other titanosaur genera have been included in the clade by various analyses.
Rinconsauria was coined by Calvo et al. (2007) to include their new titanosaurMuyelensaurus and the previously describedRinconsaurus.[2] Santucci and Arruda-Campos (2011) recovered Rinconsauria as part ofAeolosaurini, as did Franca et al. (2016) and Silva et al. (2019).[3][4][2] However, cladistic analyses by Gonzalez-Riga et al. (2019) and Mannion et al. (2019) foundAeolosaurus to be in a phylogenetically disparate position than Rinconsauria, with Rinconsauria as sister toLognkosauria in the clade Colossosauria.[5][6]
The membership of Rinconsauria has varied considerably between different phylogenetic analyses. As originally proposed by Calvo and colleagues, the clade included only two genera,Rinconsaurus andMuyelensaurus, which were defined to be members of the clade.[2] Not all phylogenetic analyses have recoveredMuyelensaurus andRinconsaurus as closely related among titanosaurs. In 2011, Santucci and Campos recoveredRinconsaurus as closely related toAeolosaurus whileMuyelensaurus was recovered as a more basal titanosaur, outside the clade uniting Aeolosaurini and Saltasauridae.[7] One analysis by Mannion and colleagues in 2019 recoveredRinconsaurus as a non-lithostrotian titanosaur andMuyelensaurus as a lithostrotian closely related toAntarctosaurus andMendozasaurus.[6] A phylogenetic analysis by Gallina and Otero in 2015 foundMuyelensaurus to be more closely related to a clade consisting ofFutalognkosaurus,Mendozasaurus,Bonitasaura,Laplatasaurus, andUberabatitan than toRinconsaurus.[8]
Rinconsauria may be closely related to Aeolosaurini,[9] and in fact several analyses have found Aeolosaurini to fall within Rinconsauria,[10][11] while others have found the two clades to be separate.[5][12][1]
Adamantisaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but previously considered a member of Titanosauriaincertae sedis[13]
Aeolosaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] and Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] but outside Rinconsauria in several analyses[2][12][14][15]
Argyrosaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
Arrudatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]
Baurutitan was recovered as a member of Rinconsauria in one analysis by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025,[15] but outside Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] and in another analysis by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]
Bonitasaura: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] while several analyses have found it to be outside Rinconsauria.[16][10][12][1]
Brasilotitan: recovered as member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi and colleagues in 2023.[12]
Bravasaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022.[10]
Chadititan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria in its original description by Agnolín and colleagues in 2025.[1]
Gondwanatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] but outside Rinconsauria by Calvo and colleagues in 2007[2] and Agnolín and colleagues in 2025.[1]
Maxakalisaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
Narambuenatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Pérez Moreno and colleagues in 2022,[17] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi and colleagues in 2023.[12]
Ninjatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Pérez Moreno and colleagues in 2022,[17] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi and colleagues in 2023.[12]
Normanniasaurus was recovered as a member of Rinconsauria in one analysis by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025,[15] and outside Rinconsauria, albeit closely related to it, in another analysis by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025,[15] and by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
Overosaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] and Agnolín and colleagues in 2025,[1] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi in colleagues in 2023[12] and Mocho and colleagues in 2024.[18]
Panamericansaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
Pitekunsaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Pérez Moreno and colleagues in 2022[17] and Agnolín and colleagues in 2025,[1] but outside Rinconsauria in several analyses.[19][14][18][15]
Punatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Hechenleitner and colleagues in 2020,[16] and Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Agnolín and colleagues in 2025.[1]
Rukwatitan: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025,[15] but outside Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11]
Shingopana: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Gorscak and colleagues in 2023.[11] but outside Rinconsauria by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]
Trigonosaurus: Recovered as a member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022[10] and Gorscak and colleagues in 2023,[11] but outside Rinconsauria by Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]
Uberabatitan: Recovered as member of Rinconsauria by Navarro and colleagues in 2022,[10] but outside Rinconsauria by Filippi and colleagues in 2023[12] and Díez Díaz and colleagues in 2025.[15]
^Gallina, P.A.; González Riga, B.J.; Ortiz David, L.D. (2022). "Time for Giants: Titanosaurs from the Berriasian–Santonian Age". In Otero, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D. (eds.).South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Record, Diversity and Evolution. Springer. pp. 299–340.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3.ISBN978-3-030-95958-6.ISSN2197-9596.
^abcdefghFilippi, Leonardo S.; Juárez Valieri, Rubén D.; Gallina, Pablo A.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Gianechini, Federico A.; Garrido, Alberto C. (February 2024). "A rebbachisaurid-mimicking titanosaur and evidence of a Late Cretaceous faunal disturbance event in South-West Gondwana".Cretaceous Research.154 105754.Bibcode:2024CrRes.15405754F.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105754.ISSN0195-6671.
^Santucci, R.M.; Filippi, L.S. (2022). "Last Titans: Titanosaurs From the Campanian–Maastrichtian Age". In Otero, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D. (eds.).South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Record, Diversity and Evolution. Springer. pp. 341–391.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3.ISBN978-3-030-95958-6.ISSN2197-9596.
^abcPérez Moreno, Agustín; Otero, Alejandro; Carballido, José L.; Salgado, Leonardo; Calvo, Jorge O. (2022-10-07). "The appendicular skeleton of Rinconsaurus caudamirus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina".Cretaceous Research.142 105389.Bibcode:2023CrRes.14205389P.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105389.ISSN0195-6671.S2CID252799392.
^Coria, R. A.; Filippi, L. S.; Chiappe, L. M.; García, R.; Arcucci, A. B. (2013). "Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov. , a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina".Zootaxa.3683 (4):357–76.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.2.hdl:11336/21928.PMID25250458.