Stallman launched the GNU Project in September 1983 to write aUnix-like computeroperating system composed entirely of free software.[3] With that he also launched the free software movement. He has been the GNU project's lead architect and organizer, and developed a number of pieces of widely used GNU software including among others, the GNU Compiler Collection,[4]GNU Debugger,[5] and GNU Emacs text editor.[6]
Stallman pioneered the concept ofcopyleft, which uses the principles of copyright law to preserve the right to use, modify, and distribute free software. He is the main author offree software licenses which describe those terms, most notably the GNU General Public License (GPL), the most widely used free software license.[7]
In September 2019, Stallman resigned as president of the FSF and left hisvisiting scientist role atMIT after making controversial comments about theJeffrey Epstein sex trafficking scandal.[8] Stallman remained head of the GNU Project, and in 2021 returned to the FSF board of directors and others.
Stallman was born March 16, 1953[9] inNew York City, to a family ofJewish heritage.[10] He had a troublesome relationship with his parents and did not feel he had a proper home.[10] He was interested in computers at a young age; when he was a pre-teen at a summer camp, he read manuals for theIBM 7094.[11] From 1967 to 1969, Stallman attended aColumbia University Saturday program for high school students.[11] He was also a volunteer laboratory assistant in thebiology department atRockefeller University. Although he was interested in mathematics andphysics, his supervising professor at Rockefeller thought he showed promise as a biologist.[12]
His first experience with actual computers was at theIBM New York Scientific Center when he was in high school. He was hired for the summer in 1970 after his senior year of high school, to write a numerical analysis program inFortran.[11] He completed the task after a couple of weeks ("I swore that I would never use FORTRAN again because I despised it as a language compared with other languages") and spent the rest of the summer writing a text editor inAPL[13] and apreprocessor for thePL/Iprogramming language on theIBM System/360.[14]
As a first-year student atHarvard University in fall 1970, Stallman was known for his strong performance inMath 55.[15] He was happy, "For the first time in my life, I felt I had found a home at Harvard."[11]
In 1971, near the end of his first year at Harvard, he became a programmer at theMIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,[16] and became a regular in thehacker community, where he was usually known by his initials,RMS, which he used in his computer accounts.[1][17] Stallman received a bachelor's degree in physics (magna cum laude) from Harvard in 1974.[18] He considered staying on at Harvard, but instead decided to enroll as a graduate student at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He pursued a doctorate in physics for one year, but left the program to focus on his programming at theMIT AI Laboratory.[11][14]
While working (starting in 1975) as a research assistant at MIT underGerry Sussman,[14] Stallman published a paper (with Sussman) in 1977 on an AItruth maintenance system, calleddependency-directed backtracking.[19] The paper was an early work on the problem of intelligent backtracking inconstraint satisfaction problems. As of 2009[update],[needs update] the technique Stallman and Sussman introduced was still the most general and powerful form of intelligent backtracking.[20] The technique ofconstraint recording, wherein partial results of a search are recorded for later reuse, was also introduced in this paper.[20]
As a hacker in MIT's AI laboratory, Stallman worked on software projects likeTECO andEmacs for theIncompatible Timesharing System (ITS), as well as theLisp machine operating system (theCONS of 1974–1976 and the CADR of 1977–1979—this latter unit was commercialized bySymbolics andLisp Machines, Inc. (LMI) starting around 1980).[17] He became an ardent critic of restricted computer access in the lab, which at that time was funded primarily by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). When MIT'sLaboratory for Computer Science (LCS) installed a password control system in 1977, Stallman found a way to decrypt the passwords and sent users messages containing their decoded password, with a suggestion to change it to the empty string (that is, no password) instead, to re-enable anonymous access to the systems. Around 20 percent of the users followed his advice at the time, although passwords ultimately prevailed. Stallman boasted of the success of his campaign for many years afterward.[21]
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, thehacker culture which Stallman thrived on began to fragment. To prevent software from being used on their competitors' computers, most manufacturers stopped distributingsource code and began using copyright and restrictive software licenses to limit or prohibit copying and redistribution. Suchproprietary software had existed before, and it became apparent that it would become the norm. This shift in the legal characteristics of software was a consequence triggered by the USCopyright Act of 1976.[22]
WhenBrian Reid in 1979 placedtime bombs in theScribe markup language and word processing system to restrict unlicensed access to the software, Stallman proclaimed it "a crime against humanity".[14] During an interview in 2008, he clarified that it is blocking the user's freedom that he believes is a crime, not the issue of charging for software.[23] Stallman'stexinfo is aGPL replacement, loosely based on Scribe;[24] the original version was finished in 1986.[25]
In 1980, Stallman and some other hackers at the AI Lab were refused access to the source code for the software of a newly installedlaser printer, theXerox 9700.[citation needed] Stallman had modified the software for the Lab's previous laser printer (the XGP, Xerographic Printer), so it electronically messaged a user when the person's job was printed, and would message all logged-in users waiting for print jobs if the printer was jammed. Not being able to add these features to the new printer was a major inconvenience, as the printer was on a different floor from most of the users. This experience convinced Stallman of people's need to be able to freely modify the software they use.[26]
Richard Greenblatt, a fellow AI Lab hacker, foundedLisp Machines, Inc. (LMI) to marketLisp machines, which he andTom Knight designed at the lab. Greenblatt rejected outside investment, believing that the proceeds from the construction and sale of a few machines could be profitably reinvested in the growth of the company. In contrast, the other hackers felt that theventure capital-funded approach was better. As no agreement could be reached, hackers from the latter camp foundedSymbolics, with the aid ofRuss Noftsker, an AI Lab administrator. Symbolics recruited most of the remaining hackers including notable hackerBill Gosper, who then left the AI Lab. Symbolics also forced Greenblatt to resign by citing MIT policies. While both companies delivered proprietary software, Stallman believed that LMI, unlike Symbolics, had tried to avoid hurting the lab's community. For two years, from 1982 to the end of 1983, Stallman worked by himself to clone the output of the Symbolics programmers, with the aim of preventing them from gaining a monopoly on the lab's computers.[21]
Stallman argues that software users should have the freedom to share with their neighbors and be able to study and make changes to the software that they use. He maintains that attempts by proprietary software vendors to prohibit these acts are antisocial and unethical.[27] The phrase "software wants to be free" is often incorrectly attributed to him, and Stallman argues that this is a misstatement of his philosophy.[28] He argues that freedom is vital for the sake of users and society as a moralvalue, and not merely for pragmatic reasons such as possibly developing technically superior software.[29]Eric S. Raymond, one of the creators of theopen-source movement,[30] argues that moral arguments, rather than pragmatic ones, alienate potential allies and hurt the end goal of removing code secrecy.[31]
In February 1984, Stallman quit his job at MIT to work full-time on the GNU project, which he had announced in September 1983. Since then, he had remained affiliated with MIT as an unpaid[32] "visiting scientist" in theComputer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.[33] Until "around 1998", he maintained an office at the Institute that doubled as his legal residence.[34]
Stallman announced the plan for theGNU operating system in September 1983 on severalARPANET mailing lists andUSENET.[3][35] He started the project on his own and describes: "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to it."[36]
In 1985, Stallman published theGNU Manifesto, which outlined his motivation for creating a free operating system called GNU, which would be compatible withUnix.[17] The name GNU is arecursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix".[17] Soon after, he started a nonprofit corporation called the Free Software Foundation to employ free software programmers and provide a legal infrastructure for the free software movement. Stallman was the nonsalaried president of the FSF, which is a501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded inMassachusetts.[37]
Stallman popularized the concept ofcopyleft, a legal mechanism to protect the modification and redistribution rights for free software. It was first implemented in the GNU Emacs General Public License, and in 1989 the first program-independent GNU General Public License (GPL) was released. By then, much of the GNU system had been completed.
In 1991,Linus Torvalds, aFinnish student, used the GNU's development tools to produce the freemonolithicLinux kernel. The existing programs from the GNU project were readily ported to run on the resultant platform. Most sources use the nameLinux to refer to the general-purpose operating system thus formed, while Stallman and the FSF call itGNU/Linux. This has been a longstandingnaming controversy in the free software community. Stallman argues that not using GNU in the name of the operating system unfairly disparages the value of the GNU project and harms the sustainability of the free software movement by breaking the link between the software and the free software philosophy of the GNU project.
Stallman's influences on hacker culture include the namePOSIX[38] and theEmacs editor. OnUnix systems, GNU Emacs's popularity rivaled that of another editorvi, spawning aneditor war. Stallman's take on this was tocanonize himself as St. IGNUcius of theChurch of Emacs[39][40] and acknowledge that "vi vi vi is theeditor of the beast", while "using a free version of vi is not asin; it is apenance".[41]
In 1992, developers atLucid Inc. doing their own work on Emacs clashed with Stallman and ultimatelyforked the software into what would becomeXEmacs.[42] The technology journalistAndrew Leonard has characterized what he sees as Stallman's uncompromising stubbornness as common among elite computer programmers:
There's something comforting about Stallman's intransigence. Win or lose, Stallman will never give up. He'll be the stubbornest mule on the farm until the day he dies. Call it fixity of purpose, or just plain cussedness, his single-minded commitment and brutal honesty are refreshing in a world of spin-meisters and multimillion-dollar marketing campaigns.[43]
In 2018, Stallman instituted "Kind Communication Guidelines" for the GNU project to help its mailing list discussions remain constructive while avoiding explicitly promoting diversity.[44]
In October 2019, a public statement signed by 33 maintainers of the GNU project asserted that Stallman's behaviour had "undermined a core value of the GNU project: the empowerment of all computer users" and called for "GNU maintainers to collectively decide about the organization of the project".[45] The statement was published soon after Stallman resigned as president of the FSF and left his "visiting scientist" role at MIT in September 2019.[46][47] In spite of that, Stallman remained head of the GNU project.[48][49]
Stallman has written many essays on software freedom, and has been an outspoken political campaigner for the free software movement since the early 1990s.[17] The speeches he has regularly given are titledThe GNU Project and the Free Software Movement,[50]The Dangers of Software Patents,[51] andCopyright and Community in the Age of Computer Networks.[52] In 2006 and 2007, during the eighteen month public consultation for the drafting of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, he added a fourth topic explaining the proposed changes.[53]
Stallman's staunch advocacy for free software inspired the creation of the Virtual Richard M. Stallman (vrms), software that analyzes the packages currently installed on aDebian GNU/Linux system, and reports those that are from the non-free tree.[54] Stallman disagrees with parts of Debian's definition of free software.[55]
In 1999, Stallman called for development of a free online encyclopedia through the means of inviting the public to contribute articles.[56] The resultingGNUPedia was eventually retired in favour of the emergingWikipedia, which had similar aims and was enjoying greater success.[57] Stallman was on the Advisory Council of Latin American television stationteleSUR from its launch[58] but resigned in February 2011, criticizing pro-Gaddafi propaganda during theArab Spring.[59]
Stallman giving a speech on "Free Software and Your Freedom" at thebiennale du design of Saint-Étienne (2008)
In August 2006, at his meetings with the government of the Indian State ofKerala, he persuaded officials to discard proprietary software, such as Microsoft's, at state-run schools. This has resulted in a landmark decision to switch all school computers in 12,500 high schools fromWindows to a free software operating system.[60]
After personal meetings, Stallman obtained positive statements about the free software movement from the then-president of India,A. P. J. Abdul Kalam,[61] French 2007 presidential candidateSégolène Royal,[62] and the president of EcuadorRafael Correa.[63]
Protesting against proprietary software in April 2006, Stallman held a "Don't buy fromATI, enemy of your freedom" placard at an invited talk given by an ATI compiler architect in the building where Stallman worked, resulting in the police being called.[67]AMD has since acquired ATI and has taken steps to make their hardware documentation available for use by the free software community.[68]
Stallman has characterizedSteve Jobs as having a "malign influence" on computing because of Jobs' leadership in guiding Apple to produceclosed platforms.[69][70] According to Stallman, while Jobs was atNeXT, Jobs asked Stallman if he could distribute a modified GCC in two parts, one part under GPL and the other part, anObjective-C preprocessor under a proprietary license. Stallman initially thought this would be legal, but since he also thought it would be "very undesirable for free software", he asked a lawyer for advice. The response he got was that judges would consider such schemes to be "subterfuges" and would be very harsh toward them, and a judge would ask whether it was "really" one program, rather than how the parts were labeled. Therefore, Stallman sent a message back to Jobs which said they believed Jobs' plan was not allowed by the GPL, which resulted in NeXT releasing the Objective-C front end under GPL.[71][non-primary source needed]
For a period of time, Stallman used a notebook from theOne Laptop per Child program. Stallman's computer is a refurbishedThinkPad X200 withLibreboot (a freeBIOS replacement), andTrisquel GNU/Linux.[72] Before the ThinkPad X200, Stallman used a Thinkpad T400s with Libreboot and Trisquel GNU/Linux.[73] And before the T400s, Stallman used a ThinkPad X60, and even further back in time, aLemote Yeeloongnetbook (using the same company'sLoongson processor) which he chose because, like the X200, X60 and the T400s, it could run with free software at theBIOS level, stating "freedom is my priority. I've campaigned for freedom since 1983, and I am not going to surrender that freedom for the sake of a more convenient computer."[74] Stallman's Lemote was stolen from him in 2012 while he was in Argentina.[75] Before Trisquel, Stallman has used thegNewSense operating system.[76][77]
Stallman has regularly given a talk entitled "Copyright vs. Community" where he reviews the state of digital rights management (DRM) and names many of the products and corporations which he boycotts. His approach to DRM is best summed up by the FSFDefective by Design campaign. In the talks, he makes proposals for a "reduced copyright" and suggests a 10-year limit on copyright. He suggests that, instead of restrictions on sharing, authors be supported using a tax, with revenues distributed among them based oncubic roots of their popularity to ensure that "fairly successful non-stars" receive a greater share than they do now (compare withprivate copying levy which is associated with proponents of strong copyright), or a convenient anonymousmicropayment system for people to support authors directly. He indicates that no form of non-commercial sharing of copies should be considered a copyright violation.[78][79] He has advocated forcivil disobedience in a comment onLey Sinde.[79][80]
Stallman mentions the dangers somee-books bring compared to paper books, with the example of theAmazon Kindlee-reader that prevents the copying of e-books and allows Amazon to order automatic deletion of a book. He says that such e-books present a big step backward with respect to paper books by being less easy to use, copy, lend to others or sell, also mentioning that Amazon e-books cannot be bought anonymously. His short story "The Right to Read" provides a picture of a dystopian future if the right to share books is impeded. He objects to many of the terms within typicalend-user license agreements that accompany e-books.[79][82][83] He discourages the use of several storage technologies such asDVD orBlu-ray video discs because the content of such media is encrypted. He considers manufacturers' use of encryption on non-secret data (to force the user to view certain promotional material) as a conspiracy.[84]
Stallman places great importance on the words and labels people use to talk about the world, including the relationship between software and freedom. He asks people to sayfree software andGNU/Linux, and to avoid the termsintellectual property andpiracy (in relation to copying not approved by the publisher). One of his criteria for giving an interview to a journalist is that the journalist agrees to use his terminology throughout the article.[91]
Stallman argues that the termintellectual property is designed to confuse people, and is used to prevent intelligent discussion on the specifics ofcopyright,patent,trademark, and other areas of law by lumping together things that are more dissimilar than similar.[92] He also argues that by referring to these laws as property laws, the term biases the discussion when thinking about how to treat these issues, writing:
These laws originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues. Copyright law was designed to promote authorship and art, and covers the details of a work of authorship or art. Patent law was intended to encourage publication of ideas, at the price of finite monopolies over these ideas–a price that may be worth paying in some fields and not in others. Trademark law was not intended to promote any business activity, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are buying.[93]
His requests that people use certain terms, and his ongoing efforts to convince people of the importance of terminology, are a source of regular misunderstanding and friction with parts of the free software andopen-source communities. After initially accepting the concept,[94] Stallman rejects a commonalternative term,open-source software, because it does not call to mind what Stallman sees as the value of the software:freedom.[95] He wrote, "Free software is a political movement; open source is a development model."[96] Thus, he believes that the use of the term will not inform people of the freedom issues, and will not lead to people valuing and defending their freedom.[97] Two alternatives which Stallman does accept aresoftware libre andunfettered software, butfree software is the term he asks people to use in English. For similar reasons, he argues for the termproprietary software ornon-free software rather thanclosed-source software, when referring to software that is not free software.
Stallman asks that the termGNU/Linux, which he pronounces/ɡnuːslæʃˈlɪnəks/GNOOSLASHLIN-əks, be used to refer to the operating system created by combining the GNU system and the kernel Linux. Stallman refers to this operating system as "a variant of GNU, and the GNU Project is its principal developer".[98] He claims that the connection between the GNU project's philosophy and its software is broken when people refer to the combination as merely Linux.[99] Starting around 2003, he began also using the termGNU+Linux, which he pronounces/ɡnuːplʌsˈlɪnəks/GNOOPLUSLIN-əks, to prevent others from pronouncing the phraseGNU/Linux as/ɡnuːˈlɪnəks/GNOOLIN-əks, which would erroneously imply that the kernel Linux is maintained by the GNU project.[100] The creator of Linux,Linus Torvalds, has publicly said that he objects to modification of the name and that the rename "is their [theFSF] confusion not ours".[101]
He refers to mobile phones as "portable surveillance andtracking devices",[107] refusing to own a cell phone due to the lack of phones running entirely on free software.[108] He also avoids using a key card to enter his office building[109] since key card systems track each location and time that someone enters the building using a card. He usually does not browse the web directly from his personal computer. Instead, he uses GNU Womb's grab-url-from-mail utility, an email-based proxy which downloads the webpage content and then emails it to the user.[110][111] In a 2016 interview, he said that he accesses all websites viaTor, except for Wikipedia (which generally disallows editing from Tor).[112][113]
In September 2019, it was learned thatJeffrey Epstein had made donations to MIT, and in the wake of this,MIT Media Lab directorJoi Ito resigned. An internal MITCSAILlistserv mailing list thread was started to protest the coverup of MIT's connections to Epstein.[114] In the thread, discussion had turned to deceased MIT professorMarvin Minsky, who was named byVirginia Giuffre as one of the people that Epstein had forced her to have sex with.[115] Giuffre, a minor at the time, had been caught in Epstein's underage sex trafficking ring.[114] In response to a comment saying that Minsky "is accused of assaulting one of Epstein's victims", Stallman objected to the wording and argued that "the most plausible scenario is that she presented herself to him as entirely willing. Assuming she was being coerced by Epstein, he would have had every reason to conceal that from most of his associates".[116] When challenged by other members of the mailing list, he added "It is morally absurd to define 'rape' in a way that depends on minor details such aswhich country it was in or whether the victim was18 years old or 17", holding that it was not relevant to the harm that was done to the victim.[114][116]
Stallman remained critical of Epstein and his role, saying "We know that Giuffre was being coerced into sex–by Epstein. She was being harmed."[117]Stallman's comments along with a compilation of accusations against him[118] were published viaMedium by Selam Gano, who called for him to be removed from MIT.[119][120]Vice published a copy of the email chain on September 13, 2019.[114][119] Stallman's writings from 2013 and earlier related to underage sex and child pornography laws resurfaced, increasing the controversy.[116][clarification needed] Tied to his comments regarding Minsky it led to several calling for Stallman's resignation.[119][114] During the backlash to Stallman's comments regarding the Epstein case, Stallman received criticism for previous writings advocating for thelegalization of child pornography and pedophilia. In September 2006, Stallman had written, "I am skeptical of the claim that voluntarily [sic] pedophilia harms children. The arguments that it causes harm seem to be based on cases which aren't voluntary, which are then stretched by parents who are horrified by the idea that their little baby is maturing."[121] On September 14, 2019, Stallman acknowledged that since the time of his past writings, he had learned that there were problems with underage sex, writing on his blog: "Through personal conversations in recent years, I've learned to understand how sex with a child can harmper psychologically. This changed my mind about the matter: I think adults should not do that."[122][123][124][125]
On September 16, 2019, Stallman announced his resignation from both MIT and FSF, "due to pressure on MIT and me over a series of misunderstandings and mischaracterizations".[126] In a post on his website, Stallman asserted that his posts to the email lists were not to defend Epstein, stating "Nothing could be further from the truth. I've called him a 'serial rapist', and said he deserved to be imprisoned. But many people now believe I defended him—and other inaccurate claims—and feel a real hurt because of what they believe I said. I'm sorry for that hurt. I wish I could have prevented the misunderstanding."[116]
In March 2021, atLibrePlanet2021, Stallman announced his return to the FSF board of directors.[127][128] Shortly thereafter, an open letter was published onGitHub asking for Stallman's removal, along with the entire FSF board of directors, with the support of prominentopen-source organizations includingGNOME andMozilla. The letter includes a list of accusations against Stallman.[129][130][131] In response, an open letter asking for the FSF to retain Stallman was also published, arguing that Stallman's statements were mischaracterized, misunderstood and that they need to be interpreted in context.[132][133] The FSF board on April 12 made a statement re-affirming its decision to bring back Richard Stallman.[134] After that Stallman issued a statement explaining his poor social skills and apologizing.[135]
Stallman announcing cancer diagnosis, at GNU Project's 40th anniversary celebration.
Stallman lives inBoston and moved there after living inCambridge, Massachusetts for many years.[34] He speaks English, French, Spanish and some Indonesian.[34] He has said that he is "anatheist ofJewish ancestry"[10] and often wears a button that reads "Impeach God".[15][148] He denies havingAsperger's, but has sometimes speculated whether he could have a "shadow"[149] version of it.[10][150] He says he ischildfree.[151]
Stallman has written a collection offilk music and parody songs.[152]
In September 2023, while giving his keynote presentation at the GNU 40th anniversary event, Stallman revealed he had been diagnosed withfollicular lymphoma, a form ofcancer, and said that his prognosis was good and he hopes to be around for years to come.[153][154][155] He later stated he was in remission and he was getting treatment.[156]
1990: The Association for Computing Machinery'sGrace Murray Hopper Award "For pioneering work in the development of the extensible editor EMACS (Editing Macros)"[159]
2002: USNational Academy of Engineering membership "for starting the GNU project, which produced influential, non-proprietary software tools, and for founding the free software movement"[166]
Stallman, Richard M. (1980).EMACS: The Extensible, Customizable, Self-Documenting Display Editor. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory publication. AIM-519A.
^abStallman, Richard M."Humorous Bio".Richard Stallman's 1983 biography. First edition of "The Hacker's Dictionary". Retrieved2008-11-20.'Richard Stallman' is just my mundane name; you can call me 'rms'
^"Richard Stallman, Live and Unplugged". Archived fromthe original on 2017-06-29. Retrieved2014-06-04.Q: You once said "the prospect of charging money for software was a crime against humanity". Do you still believe this? A: Well, I was not distinguishing the two meanings of free.
^Gnu Status, by Richard M. Stallman. 5. Documentation system. I now have a truly compatible pair of programs which can convert a file of texinfo format documentation into either a printed manual or an Info file. Documentation files are needed for many utilities., February 1986, GNU's Bulletin, Volume 1 No.1
^Stallman, Richard M."Richard Stallman's Personal Site". Retrieved2021-03-18.I continue to be the Chief GNUisance of the GNU Project. I do not intend to stop any time soon.
^Stallman, Richard M."Why Upgrade to GPLv3".GNU Project. Free Software Foundation. Retrieved2014-10-16.Under the [DMCA] and similar laws, it is illegal ... to distribute DVD players unless they restrict the user according to the official rules of the DVD conspiracy
^Stallman, Richard (2007-12-15)."Real men don't attack straw men". OpenBSD 'misc' Mailing List. Archived fromthe original on 2018-11-16. Retrieved2009-03-24.For personal reasons, I do not browse the web from my computer
^Proulx, François (2005-07-03)."Richard Stallman". Flickr. Retrieved2011-09-02.
^Brody, Jane E. (1997-02-04)."Quirks, Oddities May Be Illnesses".The New York Times.Dr. John J. Ratey, a psychiatrist, has named shadow syndrome, a mild form of a well-recognized neuropsychiatric disorder like [...] autism.
^"Richard Stallman's Personal Page".stallman.org.Archived from the original on 2023-12-26. Retrieved2023-12-26.Richard Stallman has cancer. Fortunately it is slow-growing and manageable follicular lymphoma, so he will probably live many more years nonetheless.
^"Richard Stallman's Personal Page".stallman.org.Archived from the original on 2025-02-18. Retrieved2025-02-18.Richard Stallman has cancer. Fortunately it is slow-growing and manageable follicular lymphoma. Treatment put it into remission, and he can expect to live many more years.
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