TheMustafakemalpaşa River,Orhaneli River orAdirnaz River (Turkish:Mustafakemalpaşa Çayı,Orhaneli Çayı orAdırnaz Çayı) is ariver in northwesternAnatolia in theBursa Province ofTurkey'sMarmara region. It is named for the city ofMustafakemalpaşa which lies near its delta ontoLake Uluabat.
In antiquity, the river was known asRhyndacus[1] (Greek:Ῥύνδακος,Rhýndakos[2]). In Greek Mythology, Rhyndacus was a son ofOceanus andTethys, and his daughters byMount Didymos, the Rhyndacides, were revered aspegaeæ, meaning water-Springs. In hisDionysiaca,Nonnus recorded their waters being used byDionysus to drug the nymphNicaea after she offended the Rhyndacides by murdering the shepherd Hymnus. Upon recovering her senses, she then cursed them.[3] Although the Rhyndacus was formerly the main artery running to theSea of Marmara and served as the border betweenMysia andBithynia,[2] today the Mustafakemalpaşa is merely a tributary of theSimav, which then flows into theSea of Marmara.
During theFirst Mithridatic War,Flavius FimbriadefeatedMithridates VI of Pontus's forces under his sonalso known as Mithridates along the Rhyndacus in 85 BC. During thethird,Lucullusagain defeated him at the Rhyndacus in 73 or 72 BC. UnderManuel I, theByzantine Empire based their main Anatolian army atLopadion (modernUluabat) on the Rhyndacus. After thesack of Constantinople during theFourth Crusade, theLatin emperorHenry wonanother battle there against theNicaean Empire on October 15, 1211.
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40°12′45″N28°23′52″E / 40.2125°N 28.3978°E /40.2125; 28.3978
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