Rheinfelden | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location of Rheinfelden | |
  Rheinfelden  Rheinfelden | |
| Coordinates:47°33′N7°48′E / 47.550°N 7.800°E /47.550; 7.800 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Aargau |
| District | Rheinfelden |
| Government | |
| • Executive | Gemeinderat with 5 members |
| • Mayor | Stadtammmann (list) Franco Mazzi FDP/PRD (as of February 2014) |
| Area | |
• Total | 16.12 km2 (6.22 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 280 m (920 ft) |
| Population (December 2007) | |
• Total | 10,881 |
| • Density | 675.0/km2 (1,748/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 4310 |
| SFOS number | 4258 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-AG |
| Surrounded by | Kaiseraugst,Magden,Möhlin,Olsberg,Rheinfelden (DE-BW),Schwörstadt (DE-BW) |
| Website | http://www.rheinfelden.ch |
Rheinfelden (Swiss Standard German pronunciation:[ˈraɪnˌfɛldn̩]ⓘ;Alemannic German:Rhyfälde[ˈriːfæld̥ə]) is amunicipality in thecanton ofAargau inSwitzerland, seat of the district ofRheinfelden. It is located 15 kilometres east ofBasel. The name means the fields of theRhine, as the town is located on theHigh Rhine. It is home toFeldschlösschen, the most popular beer in Switzerland. The city is across the river fromRheinfelden inBaden-Württemberg; the two cities were joined untilNapoleon Bonaparte fixed theGermany–Switzerland border on the Rhine in 1802 and are still socially and economically tied.
The old town of Rheinfelden lies on the left bank of theRhine, where the river is divided into two arms by the "Inseli", a roughly 150 metres (490 ft) long island. Downstream of the Inseli and theRheinbrücke, the river bottoms drops to about 30 m (98 ft) deep, creating a huge and deadly vortex, known as theSt-Anna-Loch.[2] Nearly 400 m (1,300 ft) east is theMagdenerbach.
The wooded, gently-rising foothills of theTafeljura lie south of the town. These are the Steppberg (395 m [1,296 ft]abovesea level) and the "Berg" (427 m [1,401 ft]), both in the south-east.[3] Between these two hills lie the deeply incised valleys of theMagdenerbach.
Rheinfelden has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 16.02 km2 (6.19 sq mi).[4] Of this area, about 20.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 50.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 22.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and 6.7% is unproductive land. In the 2013/18 survey a total of 213 ha (530 acres) or about 13.3% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of 57 ha (140 acres) over the 1982 amount. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality increased by 25 ha (62 acres) and is now about 3.43% of the total area. Of the agricultural land, 4 ha (9.9 acres) is used for orchards and vineyards, 297 ha (730 acres) is fields and grasslands. Since 1982 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by 104 ha (260 acres). Over the same time period the amount of forested land has increased by 6 ha (15 acres). Rivers and lakes cover 108 ha (270 acres) in the municipality.[5][6]
The highest point (427 m (1,401 ft)) is located on "Berg", the lowest point (270 m (890 ft)) is on the Rhine. Neighbouring cities areKaiseraugst to the west,Olsberg to the south-west,Magden to the south and Möhlin to the east (all in the Aargau); over the river in Germany liesRheinfelden, Baden-Württemberg.
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The area around Rheinfelden was already settled in theMiddle Stone Age, around 10,000 yearsbefore the present day. At that time, people lived in the "Hermitage", a small natural cave next to the current highway. In the year 45 BC, a few kilometres further west, the settlementAugusta Raurica was founded, the firstRoman town in Switzerland, near modern Kaiseraugst. In the plains at Rheinfelden was then a largeestate. Towards the end of the 4th century a border fort was constructed at the western settlement.
Rheinfelden is first mentioned about 851 asRifelt and in the first half of the 12th century it was calledRinfelden.[7] In the second half of the 10th century, the entireFricktal area—the Frick valley, a finger of land in northwesternSwitzerland east of present-dayBasel, between theJura Mountains to the south, and theHigh Rhine border with present-day Germany to the north—was withinKingdom of Burgundy. At that time, Rheinfelden was granted to the von Wetterau family. They later adopted the title of Count of Rheinfelden. The Rheinfeldens built a fortress, "Stein", on the strategically located island; a riverbank settlement stood at the "Altenburg". The last of thiscomital line wasRudolf of Rheinfelden,Duke of Swabia (1057–79) and Germanantiking (1077–80) during theInvestiture Controversy.
When Rudolf died on 15 October 1080 inMerseburg, his territories were inherited byBerthold II of Zähringen.but the town went to his son Otto and his family the von Wetter's. Berhold's second son,Conrad, awardedmarket rights to the city, making it the oldestZähringerstadt in Switzerland and the oldest city in the Aargau; in 1150 he also had the first bridge built across the Rhine, betweenKonstanz andStrasbourg. In 1218,Berthold V died without issue. In 1225, Rheinfelden gainedReichsfreiheit to become anImperial City.
A little over a century later, in 1330, the city pledged itself to theHabsburgs, becoming a part ofFurther Austria. In 1445, when the Habsburgs were fighting theOld Zürich War, insurgents destroyed the castle on the "Inseli", due to the city's allegiance with Basel. After a siege lasting several months, Rheinfelden was returned to Austrian subjugation in 1449. After theWaldshut War from 1468, all of Fricktal Burgundy pledged to the Habsburgs. After the Burgundians were beaten by theOld Swiss Confederacy in theBurgundian Wars, Rheinfelden land, not Title, was restored to Austria in 1477.
During the 17th century, there was very little time during which the city enjoyed peace. During theRappenkrieg, a peasant uprising that lasted from 1612 until 1614, the city was unsuccessfully besieged but devastated. Between 1633 and 1638 theThirty Years' War reached Fricktal, where Rheinfelden played an important role. On 15 July 1633,Swedish andFrench troops devastated the city. On 5 February 1638, the city was besieged byProtestant troops under the command ofBernhard of Saxe-Weimar. On 28 February theBattle of Rheinfelden began, as the city was attacked by numerically superiorImperial andBavarian troops under the command ofJohann von Werth andFederico Savelli. The Protestants lost this encounter and withdrew. Bernhard brought them weapons, but in the second action, on 3 March, they were victorious, as he and his men unexpectedly re-appeared on the battlefield; both Savelli and Werth were captured.
By the end of the Thirty Years' War, the Austrians had built a fortress on the island to secure the southwestern border of theBreisgau. In 1678, French troops under the command ofFrançois de Créquy fired at the city. In 1745, during theWar of the Austrian Succession, the French made a fortress on the same ground and also blasted a portion of the city wall. On 17 July 1796 Rheinfelden was again occupied and looted by theFrench.
As a result of theTreaty of Campo Formio in 1797, the Fricktal became aFrench protectorate, forming thefront line between theFrench Revolutionary and theAustrian troops in theWar of the Second Coalition. On 20 February 1802 Rheinfelden was made a district capital of the newly createdCanton of Fricktal, (Principality of Frickgau), joining theHelvetic Republic in August, the point at which the city became decisively Swiss. After the removal of the governorSebastian Fahrländer at the end of September 1802, the seat of the cantonal government was relocated here fromLaufenburg. With the beginning of theReichsdeputationshauptschluss (theGerman Mediatisation), Napoleon Bonaparte dissolved the canton of Fricktal. Since 19 March 1803, Rheinfelden has been the capital of a district of the same name, in thecanton of Aargau. With theReichsdeputationshauptschluss, the remaining (German) parts of the city lost their independence to theGrand Duchy of Baden, becomingRheinfelden, Germany.
Theblazon of the municipalcoat of arms isBarry of Six Or and Gules with three Mullets of the first.[8]
Rheinfelden has a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 13,551.[9] As of June 2009[update], 27.6% of the population are foreign nationals.[10] Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 6.1%. Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaksGerman (82.9%), withItalian being second most common (3.8%) andSerbo-Croatian being third (2.0%).[11]
The age distribution, as of 2008[update], in Rheinfelden is; 1,031 children or 9.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,173 teenagers or 10.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 1,418 people or 12.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,652 people or 14.6% are between 30 and 39, 1,904 people or 16.9% are between 40 and 49, and 1,544 people or 13.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 1,260 people or 11.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 790 people or 7.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 441 people or 3.9% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 77 people or 0.7% who are 90 and older.[10]
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As of 2000[update], there were 682 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 2,876 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 1,250 homes with 5 or more persons in the household.[10] As of 2000[update], there were 4,953 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household.[12] In 2008[update] there were 958 single family homes (or 15.7% of the total) out of a total of 6,087 homes and apartments.[10] There were a total of 86 empty apartments for a 1.4% vacancy rate.[10] As of 2007[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 2.8 new units per 1000 residents.[12]
In the2007 federal election the most popular party was theSP which received 27.64% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were theSVP (26.15%), theFDP (16.05%) and theCVP (11.13%). In the federal election, a total of 2,934 votes were cast, and thevoter turnout was 42.9%.[13]
The historical population is given in the following table:[7]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1788 | 1,226 | — |
| 1850 | 1,910 | +55.8% |
| 1900 | 3,349 | +75.3% |
| 1950 | 4,550 | +35.9% |
| 1970 | 6,866 | +50.9% |
| 2000 | 10,637 | +54.9% |
The entire old town of Rheinfelden is designated as part of theInventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[14] There are seven sites in Rheinfelden that are listed as Swissheritage sites of national significance.[15] Two religious buildings are on the list, theChristian Catholiccollegiate church of St. Martin and theJohanniter Chapel at Johannitergasse 70. Three fortifications are on the list; theHeimenholz and thePferrichgraben which were both part of the oldRoman era Rhine fortications and the entire medieval city wall. The last two buildings on the list are theFeldschlösschen brewery at Feldschlösschenstrasse 34 and the formerGasthof (combination hotel and restaurant) zum goldenen Adler at Obertorplatz 4.
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As of 2007[update], Rheinfelden had an unemployment rate of 3.83%. As of 2005[update], there were 40 people employed in theprimary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 1,313 people are employed in thesecondary sector and there are 86 businesses in this sector. 4,420 people are employed in thetertiary sector, with 432 businesses in this sector.[12]
In 2000[update] there were 5,437 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 3,453 or about 63.5% of the residents worked outside Rheinfelden while 2,807 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 4,791 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality.[10] Of the working population, 26.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 39.2% used a private car.[12]
From the 2000 census[update], 3,858 or 36.1% wereRoman Catholic, while 3,520 or 33.0% belonged to theSwiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 285 individuals (or about 2.67% of the population) who belonged to theChristian Catholic faith.[10]
Rheinfelden sits on theBözberg railway line and served by local and regional trains atRheinfelden andRheinfelden Augarten.
In Rheinfelden about 73.6% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatoryupper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or aFachhochschule).[12] Of the school age population (in the 2008/2009 school year[update]), there are 667 students attendingprimary school, there are 251 students attending secondary school, there are 386 students attendingtertiary or university level schooling, and there are 18 students who are seeking a job after school in the municipality.[10]
Rheinfelden is home to theStadtbibliothek Rheinfelden library. The library has (as of 2008[update]) 16,442 books or other media, and loaned out 58,291 items in the same year. It was open a total of 250 days with average of 30 hours per week during that year.[16]
| Climate data for Rheinfelden (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) | 5.5 (41.9) | 9.9 (49.8) | 14.5 (58.1) | 18.9 (66.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 23.9 (75.0) | 20.6 (69.1) | 14.6 (58.3) | 7.7 (45.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 14.1 (57.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) | 1.5 (34.7) | 4.6 (40.3) | 8.3 (46.9) | 12.5 (54.5) | 15.8 (60.4) | 18.1 (64.6) | 17.3 (63.1) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.7 (49.5) | 4.2 (39.6) | 0.9 (33.6) | 8.9 (48.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.0 (26.6) | −1.9 (28.6) | 0.2 (32.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | 7.1 (44.8) | 10.4 (50.7) | 12.3 (54.1) | 11.9 (53.4) | 9.3 (48.7) | 5.9 (42.6) | 1.0 (33.8) | −1.9 (28.6) | 4.5 (40.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 74 (2.9) | 68 (2.7) | 69 (2.7) | 78 (3.1) | 97 (3.8) | 100 (3.9) | 86 (3.4) | 102 (4.0) | 75 (3.0) | 66 (2.6) | 79 (3.1) | 80 (3.1) | 974 (38.3) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 13 (5.1) | 13 (5.1) | 3 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.6) | 8 (3.1) | 41 (16) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.2 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 11.9 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 136.6 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 1.0 cm) | 3.4 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 10.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 83 | 79 | 75 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 74 | 79 | 83 | 84 | 83 | 77 |
| Source:MeteoSwiss[17] | |||||||||||||
Municipalities inRheinfelden District, Switzerland | ||
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