中国国民党革命委员会 | |
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| Abbreviation | RCCK |
| Chairman | Zheng Jianbang |
| Founded | 1 January 1948; 78 years ago (1948-01-01) |
| Split from | Kuomintang (left-wing faction) |
| Headquarters |
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| Newspaper |
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| Membership(2022) | 158,000 |
| Ideology | Three Principles of the People Socialism with Chinese characteristics |
| National People's Congress (14th) | 41 / 2,977 |
| NPC Standing Committee | 6 / 175 |
| CPPCC National Committee (14th) | 65 / 544 (Seats for political parties) |
| Website | |
www | |
| Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 中国国民党革命委员会 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中國國民黨革命委員會 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Revolutionary Committee of the Nationalist Party of China" | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Abbreviation | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 民革 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Tibetan name | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Tibetan | ཀྲུང་གོ་གོ་མིན་ཏང་གསར་བརྗེ་ཨུ་ཡོན་ལྷན་ཁང | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Zhuang name | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhuang | Cunghgoz Gozminzdangj Gwzming Veijyenzvei | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian name | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian Cyrillic | Дундад улсын гоминдангийн хувьсгалын зөвлөл | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian script | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Uyghur name | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Uyghur | جۇڭگو گومىنداڭ ئىنقىلابىي كومىتېتى | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Manchu name | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Manchu script | ᠮᡳᠨᡬᡝ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Romanization | Ming'e | ||||||||||||||||||||
TheRevolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK; also commonly known, especially when referenced historically, as theLeft Kuomintang orLeft Guomindang), commonly abbreviated in Chinese asMinge (民革), is one of the eight minor political parties in thePeople's Republic of China, officially termed "democratic parties," under the direction of theChinese Communist Party.[1]
It was founded in January 1948, during the height of theChinese Civil War, by members of the left-wing of theKuomintang (KMT), especially those who were againstChiang Kai-shek's policies. The first chairman of the party was GeneralLi Jishen, a senior Nationalist military commander who had many disputes with Chiang over the years, whileSoong Ching-ling (the widow ofSun Yat-sen) was named Honorary Chairwoman. Other early leading members wereWang Kunlun,Cheng Qian,He Xiangning andTao Zhiyue. In 1949, it merged with theThree Principles of the People Comrades Association and theKuomintang Democratic Promotion Association. The party claims to be the true heir ofSun Yat-sen's legacy and hisThree Principles of the People. In December 2022, the party had around 158,000 members. Its membership mostly consists of people with historical ties to the KMT and Taiwan. It owns a significant amount of property originally held by the KMT before the Communist takeover.
Among the official political parties of the People's Republic of China, the Revolutionary Committee is officially ranked second after the CCP, being the first-ranking minor party.[2] The RCCK currently has 41 seats in theNational People's Congress, six seats in theNPC Standing Committee and 65 seats in theChinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Its current chairman isZheng Jianbang.
After the end ofWorld War II, the relationship between the Kuomintang and the CCP, who had allied to fight the Japanese, became increasingly tense; ultimately, both sides restarted thecivil war, which World War II had interrupted. In 1945 and 1946, members of the Kuomintang's left formed theThree Principles of the People Comrades Association and theKuomintang Democratic Promotion Association in Chongqing and Guangzhou, respectively.[3]
In November 1947, the first joint representative meeting of the Kuomintang left was held inHong Kong; on 1 January 1948, the meeting announced the official establishment of the "Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee", and nominatedSoong Ching-ling, the widow of Sun Yat-sen, as the Honorary Chairwoman of the Revolutionary Committee (despite Soong Ching-ling never formally joining the commission).[4][5][6] ChairmanLi Jishen,He Xiangning, andFeng Yuxiang were selected as the central leadership of the organization.[7][8]
On 5 May 1948, leaders of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, including Li Jishen and He Xiangning, together with representatives of other democratic parties and non-party figures, jointly issued a public telegram expressing their support for the call of the Chinese Communist Party and their acceptance of its leadership.[9] This was met with a reply of welcome fromMao Zedong, Chairman of the CCP Central Committee.[10]
Subsequently, the leadership of the RCCK gradually moved north to the liberated areas ofNortheast China,[11] and after February 1949 convened inBeiping, where they took part in the preparatory work for the newChinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.[12] In September 1949, representatives of the RCCK attended theFirst plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, participating in the drafting of theCommon Program and in thefounding of the People’s Republic of China.[4]
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, members of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee maintained positions in the municipal and central governments.[13] In November 1949, the second congress of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee was held in Beijing. At the second congress, the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, Chinese Nationalist Democratic Promotion Association, the Comrades of the Three Peoples Principles, and other members of the Kuomintang's left wing agreed to merge and form the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang.[14] The meeting also elected the Second Central Committee, with Li Jishen elected as chairman.[15]
From February 21 to 29, 1956, the Third National Congress of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Beijing. The congress elected the Third Central Committee. On March 5, the First Plenary Session of the Third Central Committee took place, during which Li Jishen was re-elected as chairman.[16] From November 12 to December 2, 1958, the Fourth National Congress of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Beijing.[17] The congress elected the Fourth Central Committee. On December 4, the First Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee was held, and Li Jishen was once again elected chairman.[18]
From October 11 to 22, 1979, the Fifth National Congress of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Beijing. The congress elected the Fifth Central Committee. On October 23, the First Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee took place, andZhu Yunshan was elected chairman.[19] From December 21 to 30, 1983, the Sixth National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the Sixth Central Committee. On December 28, the First Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee was held, andWang Kunlun was elected chairman.[20] From November 12 to 20, 1988, the Seventh National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the Seventh Central Committee. On November 19, the First Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee took place, andZhu Xuefan was elected chairman.[21]
From December 14 to 22, 1992, the Eighth National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the Eighth Central Committee. On December 22, the First Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee was held, andLi Peiyao was elected chairman.[22] From November 24 to 30, 1997, the RCCK held its 50th Anniversary Commemorative Congress and the Ninth National Congress in Beijing. The congress elected the Ninth Central Committee. On November 29, the First Plenary Session of the Ninth Central Committee was held, andHe Luli was elected chairman.[23]
From December 3 to 9, 2002, the Tenth National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the Tenth Central Committee. On December 8, the First Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee took place, andHe Luli was re-elected chairman. From December 9 to 15, 2007, the Eleventh National Congress of the RCCK, coinciding with its 60th Anniversary Commemorative Congress, was held in Beijing. The congress elected the Eleventh Central Committee. On December 14, the First Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held, andZhou Tienong was elected chairman.[24][25]
From December 12 to 18, 2012, the Twelfth National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the Twelfth Central Committee. On December 17, the First Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee took place, andWan Exiang was elected chairman. From December 20 to 24, 2017, the Thirteenth National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the Thirteenth Central Committee. On December 23, the First Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee was held, and Wan Exiang was re-elected chairman.[26][27]
Today, the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang focuses on improving relations with the Kuomintang onTaiwan, and its membership mainly consists of the descendants of Kuomintang revolutionaries.[7][28] It recruits members with current ties to Taiwan who supportChinese unification.[29]
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The RCCK is one of the eight minor so-called "democratic parties" under the leadership of the CCP.[30] The highest body of the RCCK officially is the National Congress, which is held every five years. The 14th National Congress, held in December 2022, was the most recently held party congress.[31] The National Congress elects the Central Committee of the RCCK.[32]
According to its constitution, the RCCK is officially committed tosocialism with Chinese characteristics,Chinese unification and upholding the leadership of the CCP.[32][33] Among the official political parties of the PRC, the RCCK is officially ranked second after the CCP, being the first-ranking minor party.[34]
The Central Committee of the RCCK is the highest body of the RCCK between National Congresses. It has six working departments:[35]
The Central Committee additionally owns the newspapersUnity Daily (团结报;Tuánjié Bào) andUnity (团结;Tuánjié).[36] The Central Committee is headed by a chairperson, who is assisted by several vice chairpersons. The current leaders of the RCCK are:[37]
According to theState Council Information Office, the RCCK consists "mainly of people who have links with the KMT, have historical and social connections with the committee, or have relationships with Taiwan compatriots, along with specialists in social and legal affairs, and in business relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural people".[38] In December 2022, the party had around 158,000 members.[39]
| No. | Chairperson | Took office | Left office | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Li Jishen 李济深 | January 1948 | October 1959 | [7] |
| 2 |  | He Xiangning 何香凝 | August 1960 | 1 September 1972 | [7] |
| 3 |  | Zhu Yunshan 朱蕴山 | October 1979 | 30 April 1981 | [19] |
| 4 |  | Wang Kunlun 王昆仑 | 9 September 1981 | 23 August 1985 | [20] |
| 5 |  | Qu Wu 屈武 | September 1985 | December 1987 | [40] |
| 6 |  | Zhu Xuefan 朱学范 | December 1987 | December 1992 | [21] |
| 7 | Li Peiyao 李沛瑶 | December 1992 | 2 February 1996 | [22] | |
| 8 | He Luli 何鲁丽 | 11 November 1996 | 15 December 2007 | [23] | |
| 9 | Zhou Tienong 周铁农 | 15 December 2007 | 18 December 2012 | [24] | |
| 10 |  | Wan Exiang 万鄂湘 | 18 December 2012 | 18 March 2018 | [27] |
| 11 |  | Zheng Jianbang 郑建邦 | 10 December 2022 | Incumbent | [41] |
| Election year | Number of seats |
|---|---|
| 2017–18 | 43 / 2,970 |
| 2022–23 | 41 / 2,977 |
(in Chinese)| History |  | |
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Notes: Acting leadersitalicised ; By-elections denoted with (b) | ||
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