Revolt of Cairo (1798)
Part of theFrench Campaign in Egypt and Syria during theWar of the Second Coalition
The Revolt of Cairo byGirodet-Trioson, 1810
Date 21–22 October 1798 Location Cairo,Egypt,Ottoman Empire 30°02′41″N31°14′44″E / 30.0446°N 31.2456°E /30.0446; 31.2456 Result French victory
Belligerents
French Republic	Cairenes
Commanders and leaders
Napoleon Bonaparte	Various(non-centralized leadership)
Strength
20,000	80,000
Casualties and losses
300 killed 500 wounded	5,000 to 6,000 killed or wounded
class=notpageimage| Location within Mediterranean Show map of Mediterranean Revolt of Cairo (Earth) Show map of Earth

War of the Second Coalition:
Egypt and Syria

480km
298miles

6

5

4

Jaffa

3

Cairo

2

Alexandria

1

Malta

   

  current battle

  Napoleon in command till 23 August 1799

TheRevolt of Cairo was a revolt that occurred on 21–22 October 1798 by thecitizens of Cairo against theFrench occupation of Egypt led byNapoleon Bonaparte.^[1]

In 1798, Napoleon led theFrench army into Egypt, swiftly capturing and occupyingAlexandria andCairo. However, in October of that year, discontent against the French led to an uprising by the people of Cairo. While Bonaparte was inOld Cairo, the city's population began spreading weapons around to one another and fortifying strongpoints, especially at theAl-Azhar Mosque. A French commander,Dominique Dupuy, was killed by the revolting Egyptians, as well as Bonaparte'sAide-de-camp,Joseph Sulkowski. Excited by thesheikhs andimams, many of the locals swore bythe Prophet to exterminate all and any Frenchman they met, and all Frenchmen they encountered – at home or in the streets – were killed. Crowds rallied at the city gates to keep out Bonaparte, who was repulsed and forced to take a detour to get in via theBoulaq gate.

The French army's situation was critical – the British were threatening French control of Egypt after their victory at theBattle of the Nile,Murad Bey and his army were still in the field in Upper Egypt, and the generalsMenou andDugua were only just able to maintain control of Lower Egypt. The Egyptians had common cause with those rising against the French in Cairo – the whole region was in revolt.

The French responded by setting up cannons in theCitadel and firing them at areas containing rebel forces. During the night, French soldiers advanced around Cairo and destroyed any barricades and fortifications they came across.^[2] The rebels soon began to be pushed back by the strength of the French forces, gradually losing control of their areas of the city. Bonaparte personally hunted down rebels from street to street and forced them to seek refuge in theAl-Azhar Mosque. Bonaparte said that "He [i.eGod] is too late – you've begun, now I will finish!". He then immediately ordered his cannon to open fire on the Mosque. The French broke down the gates and stormed into the building, massacring the inhabitants. At the end of the revolt 5,000 to 6,000 Egyptians were dead or wounded.

Back in absolute control of Cairo, Bonaparte sought out the authors and instigators of the revolt. Several sheikhs, along with various people of influence, were convicted of participation in the plot andexecuted. To complete his punishment, a heavy tax was placed upon the city and its divan was replaced by a military commission. To negate the effects of the Great Lord's firman, the French posted a proclamation in all the cities of Egypt under their control, ending in the words:

Stop founding your hopes onIbrahim andMourad, and put your trust in he who has empires in his discretion and who creates men!

• Chandler, David G. (1966).The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Macmillan.ISBN 978-0025236608.
• Pigeard, Alain (2004).Dictionnaire des batailles de Napoléon: 1796-1815, Paris: éditions Tallandier.ISBN 978-2-84734-073-0

• Media related toRevolt of Cairo at Wikimedia Commons

• Battles of the French invasion of Egypt and Syria
• Massacres in Egypt
• Conflicts in 1798
• Massacres committed by the French First Republic
• 1798 in Egypt
• Military history of Cairo
• 18th century in Cairo
• Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
• Mass murder in Cairo
• Mosque massacres in Africa
• Attacks on buildings and structures in Egypt
• Rebellions in Egypt
• Massacres in the 1790s
• Battles commanded by Napoleon

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