Reusable packaging is manufactured of durable materials and is specifically designed for multiple trips and extended life. Areusable package or container is "designed for reuse without impairment of its protective function."[1] The termreturnable is sometimes used interchangeably but it can also include returning packages or components for other than reuse:recycling, disposal, incineration, etc. Typically, the materials used to make returnable packaging include steel, wood,polypropylene sheets or otherplastic materials.[2]
Reusability ofpackaging is an important consideration of the environmental credo of "reduce,reuse, and recycle". It is also important to the movement toward moresustainable packaging.[3] Returnable packaging is encouraged by regulators.[4][5]
For many years, several types ofshipping containers have been returnable and reusable. These have made most sense when areverse logistics system is available or can be readily developed.[6] A return, reconditioning, and reuse system can save money on the cost per shipment and can reduce the environmental footprint of the packaging.[7][8]
Manufacturing, particularly theautomotive industry, has used heavy-duty returnable racks for shipping hoods, fenders, engines, dashboards, etc. from suppliers to final assembly plants. The racks are then returned for the next shipment cycle.
Bulk foods, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals are often shipped in reusable and returnable containers. These need to be carefully inspected, cleaned and sanitized as part of the reuse cycle. An effectivequality management system is necessary.
Woodenpallets are often made to be expendable, for a single shipment. Others are heavy duty and intended for multiple shipments. Some are in "pallet pools" which are used, inspected, and refurbished for extended usage.
Often reusable industrial shipping containers havebar code labels orradio-frequency identification (RFID) chips to help identify and route the containers.
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Automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) use and encourage the use of returnable packaging to move components from their vendors to their factories. The components are placed in returnable packaging and are at times and arranged in a way that facilitates movement straight to assemble lines. Such packaging replaces traditional corrugated cartons, thereby helping companies cut costs by avoiding wastage and effort required in disposing the cartons. It also helps in reducing the environmental footprint of the automotive industry.
Other advantages of using returnable packaging include avoiding damages to parts in while in transit. Parts are at times placed in specially designed receptacles for easy picking on the assembly line contributing to fewer mistakes and simpler inventory management.
A few examples of returnable packaging in automotive industry:
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Several types of consumer containers have been in reuse systems.Reusable bottles for milk, soda, and beer have been part of closed-loop use-return-clean-refill-reuse cycles.Food storage containers are typically reusable. Thick plasticwater bottles are promoted as an environmental improvement over thinsingle-use water bottles. Someplastic cups can be re-used, though most are disposable.
Home canning often uses glassmason jars which are often reused several times.
Many non-food types ofcontainers, includingreusable shopping bags, andluggage, are designed to be reused by consumers.
With anyfood packaging, proper cleaning and disinfecting between each use is critical to health.
In September 2019, the UK Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee released a report claiming that the official intervention should encourage more shops to offer refillable options instead of traditional single-use packing.[9]
Used packages are often reused for purposes other than their primary use. For example, asingle-useplastic shopping bag might be reused as abin bag, a household storage bag or a dog faeces bag. Steeldrums can be reused as traffic barricades, dock flotation, and asmusical instruments
Reusable packaging often costs more initially and uses more and different materials than single-use packaging. It often requires adding complexity to the distribution system.[10] Not all packaging justifies being returnable and reusable.
A thorough cost analysis is required. This involves all of the material, labor, transport, inspection, refurbishing, cleaning, and management costs. Often these costs may be incurred by different companies with different cost structures.[11][12]
The environmental costs and benefits can also be complex. The material, energy, pollution, etc. needs to be accounted for throughout the entire system. Alife cycle assessment offers a good methodology for this task.[13][14][15][16]
Industry Associations
