| Nasal retroflex velar click | |
|---|---|
| ŋ𝼊 ŋψ | |
| ᵑ𝼊 ᵑψ | |
| 𝼊̃ ψ̃ |
| Nasal retroflex uvular click | |
|---|---|
| ɴ𝼊 ɴψ | |
| ᶰ𝼊 ᶰψ |
Aretroflex nasal click is a rareclick consonant. In practical orthography, anad hoc symbol ⟨‼⟩ is used for theretroflex clicks; a nasal click with avelar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡‼⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜‼⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋ‼⟩, ⟨ᵑ‼⟩ or ⟨‼̃⟩.The implicit symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ŋ͡𝼊⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜𝼊⟩, abbreviated ⟨ŋ𝼊⟩, ⟨ᵑ𝼊⟩ or ⟨𝼊̃⟩.[1] Linguists who prefer theold IPA letters use the analogousDoke convention[2] of ⟨ŋ͡ψ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ψ⟩, abbreviated ⟨ŋψ⟩, ⟨ᵑψ⟩ or ⟨ψ̃⟩. For a click with auvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡‼,ɴ͜‼,ɴ‼,ᶰ‼⟩, ⟨ɴ͡𝼊,ɴ͜𝼊,ɴ𝼊,ᶰ𝼊⟩ and ⟨ɴ͡ψ,ɴ͜ψ,ɴψ,ᶰψ⟩.Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨𝼊ŋ⟩ or ⟨𝼊ᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.[3]
Features of a retroflex nasal click:
Retroflex nasal clicks are only attested in one language,Central !Kung.[4]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central !Kung[4] | [example needed] |
| Glottalized alveolar nasal click | |
|---|---|
| ‼̃ˀ | |
| ᵑ‼ʔ | |
| ᵑ̊‼ˀ | |
| ᵑ‼ˀ |
AllKhoisan languages have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing theglottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central !Kung[4] | [example needed] |
