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Retroflex ejective affricate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
Retroflex ejective affricate
ʈʂʼ
ꭧʼ
Audio sample
Encoding
X-SAMPAt`s`_>

Aretroflex ejective affricate is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is precisely ⟨ʈ͡ʂʼ⟩, though it is frequently simplified to ⟨tʂʼ⟩ or ⟨ꭧʼ⟩.

Features

[edit]

Features of a retroflex ejective affricate:

  • Itsmanner of articulation issibilantaffricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequencyturbulence.
  • Itsplace of articulation isretroflex, which prototypically means it is articulatedsubapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it ispostalveolar without beingpalatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can beapical (pointed) or, in some fricatives,laminal (flat).
  • Itsphonation is un-voiced, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Theairstream mechanism isejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping theglottis upward.

Occurrence

[edit]
LanguageWordIPAMeaning
Abkhaz[1]аҿыцcode: abk promoted to code: ab[aʈ͡ʂʼət͡sʰ]'new'
Adyghe[2]чӏыфэ[ʈ͡ʂʼəfa]'debt'
Gwichʼin[3]etr'uu[ɛʈ͡ʂʼuː]'arctic tern'
Ubykh[4]/ʈ͡ʂʼɜ/'good'

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Chirikba, V. A. (2003).Abkhaz. Languages of the World/Materials. Vol. 119. Muenchen: Lincom Europa. p. 19.ISBN 9783895861369.
  2. ^"Адыгейский язык: Спирантизация аффрикат". 2015-07-13. Archived from the original on 2015-07-13. Retrieved2024-03-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ^"Yukon Native Language Centre".Yukon Native Language Centre. Archived fromthe original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved15 March 2018.
  4. ^Fenwick, Rohan S. H. (2011).A Grammar of Ubykh. Munich: Lincom Europa.ISBN 978-3-86288-050-8.

External links

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IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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