Republican Sinn Féin Sinn Féin Poblachtach | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Seosamh Ó Maoileoin |
| Acting Vice Presidents | Martin Kelly |
| Founded | November 1986[a] |
| Split from | Sinn Féin |
| Headquarters | Teach Dáithí Ó Conaill, 223 Parnell Street, Dublin 1,Ireland |
| Newspaper | Saoirse Irish Freedom |
| Paramilitary Wing | Continuity IRA (Main paramilitary), Cumann na mBan (Women's paramilitary) |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| Colours | Green,Gold |
| Local government in the Republic of Ireland | 1 / 949 |
| Website | |
| republicansinnfein | |
Republican Sinn Féin orRSF (Irish:Sinn Féin Poblachtach) is anIrish republican political party inIreland. RSF claims to be heirs of theSinn Féin party founded in 1905; the party took its present form in 1986 following a split in Sinn Féin. RSF members take seats when elected to local government in theRepublic of Ireland, but do not recognise the validity of thePartition of Ireland. It subsequently does not recognise the legitimacy of the parliaments of Northern Ireland (Stormont) or the Republic of Ireland (Leinster House), so the party does not register itself with them.
The party emerged around the supporters ofRuairí Ó Brádaigh andDáithí Ó Conaill. AsIrish republican legitimists, they rejected the reformism ofGerry Adams and other members of Sinn Féin who supported abandoning the policy ofabstentionism from theOireachtas and accepting the legality of theRepublic of Ireland. They support theÉire Nua policy which allows for devolution of power to provincial governments. RSF holds that theIrish Republicproclaimed in 1916 legally continues to exist, and that the Continuity Irish Republican Army Council is itsde jure government.[1]
The organisation views itself as representing "true" or "traditional"Irish republicanism, while in the mainstream media the organisation is portrayed as a political expression of "dissident republicanism". Republican Sinn Féin rejects theGood Friday Agreement and theAnglo-Irish Treaty; as part of this they assert that Irish republicans have theright to use militant means to "defend the Irish Republic" and considers theContinuity Irish Republican Army (IRA) to be the legitimate army of the Irish Republic, and the Continuity IRA Army Council its legal government.
The modern origins of the party date from the mid 1980s. The decision to form, reorganise or reconstitute, as its supporters see it, the organisation was taken in response toGerry Adams-ledSinn Féin's decision at its 1986ard fheis to end its policy ofabstentionism and to allow elected Sinn FéinTeachtaí Dála (TDs) to take their seats inLeinster House'sDáil Éireann.[2] Those who went on to form RSF opposed this move as it signalled a departure from the traditional republican analysis, which viewed the Dáil as an illegal assembly set up by an act of Westminster. They argued that republicans owed their allegiance to theIrish Republic, maintaining that this state existedde jure and that its authority rested with theIRA Army Council. (See:Irish republican legitimism) AsRuairí Ó Brádaigh declared:[3]
With regard to councils, Sinn Féin has always been in the councils and that is as near to the enemy system that we dare to go. Sitting in Leinster House is not a revolutionary activity. Once you go in there, once you sign the roll of the House and accept the institutions of the state, once you accept their rulings, you will not be able to do it according to your rules. You will have to go according to their rules and they can stand up and gang up on you and put you out on the street and keep you out on the street.
And those in Leinster House, who have done everything; the firing-squads, the prison cells, the internment camps, the hunger strikes; the lot and weren't able to break this movement, that they can come and say "At last, we have them toeing the line, it took us 65 years, but they have come in from the cold, they have come in from the wilderness and we have them now." Never! That is what I say to you. Never!
Although it was passed by a two-thirds majority, those who went on to re-organise RSF claimed that the decision to end abstention was invalid under the Sinn Féin constitution, Section 1b of which stated: "No person ... who approves of or supports the candidature of persons who sign any form or give any kind of written or verbal undertaking of intention to take their seats in these institutions, shall be admitted to membership or allowed to retain membership." They pointed out that in their opinion the correct procedure was to drop or amend Section 1b of the constitution in one year, then come back the next year and propose entering Leinster House, when Section 1b was no longer in operation. In protest, they staged a walkout from the ardfheis and reconvened the ardfheis at another venue. RSF subsequently claimed that the delegates who had voted to drop abstentionism had in effect expelled themselves from the party. It is on this basis that RSF views itself as the only party entitled to the name of Sinn Féin and the sole legitimate successor to the original Sinn Féin established in 1905.[4] Supporters of abstentionism also claimed that the vote at the ardfheis was gerrymandered. JournalistEd Moloney points out that in 1986 the number of votes at the ardfheis, which reflects the size of Sinn Féin, almost doubled from 1985 to 1986, and then reverted to the 1985 level in 1987.[5]
Adams-led Provisional Sinn Féin argued that a previousardfheis in 1983 amended the constitution so that "no aspect of the constitution and rules be closed to discussion". This was done to enable the ardfheis to debate a motion to allow Sinn Féin candidates to stand in elections to theEuropean Parliament and to take their seats if successful.[6] Some argue that this argument is weakened, by the fact that candidature to the European Parliament had already been debated at the 1978 ardfheis, when a motion to stand candidates in the 1979 European elections was defeated at the Sinn Féin ardfheis.[7] A vote to change abstentionism from a principle to a tactic failed to achieve a two-thirds majority vote in 1985. The results were 181 opposed and 161 in favour.[5][8]
There is disagreement on the number of people who walked out. Brian Feeney claims that after the vote was passed about 20 members, led byRuairí Ó Brádaigh, walked out.[9]J. Bowyer Bell, inThe Irish Troubles, states that Ó Brádaigh andDáithí Ó Conaill "and about one hundred others walked out to form Republican Sinn Féin (RSF) at a previously hired hall in a hotel outside Dublin".[10] Whatever the number, that evening, approximately 130 people, including some of the delegates who voted against the motion, reconvened at Dublin's West County Hotel and established RSF.[11] By itself, the RSF Officer Board formed that evening had 6 members, also formed was an organising committee of 15 members.[11] Bell also notes that in response to the split, there was a "flurry of military operations in and around Belfast" by the Provisional IRA during the remainder of the year to show "country militants that the city was not a centre of politics".[10]
At the centre of those who helped to re-organise as Republican Sinn Féin were key people who formed the Provisional IRA and Sinn Féin, includingRuairí Ó Brádaigh, Des Long, Joe O'Neill, Frank Glynn, andDáithí Ó Conaill. Among those in attendance at the firstBodenstown commemoration,[12] staged by the version of the Continuity Republican Movement which RSF sees itself as forming part of, were four members of the firstProvisional IRA Army Council:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh (Longford),Dáithí Ó Conaill (Cork/Dublin),Leo Martin (Belfast), and Paddy Mulcahy (Limerick). Among those present at the West County Hotel when RSF was formed wasBilly McKee, an early member of the Provisional IRA Army Council, and the former O/CBelfast Brigade of the Provisional IRA.[13] Another early supporter of RSF was Sean Tracey, a member of the first Provisional IRA Army Council, who later "drifted away" from RSF.[14]
The influence of those who founded Provisional Sinn Féin should not be understated. Of the 20 people on the Sinn Féin Caretaker Executive formed in January 1970, ten were still involved in PSF in 1986. Nine of the ten joined Republican Sinn Féin.[15]
The origins of the party are also described in the documentary "Unfinished Business: The Politics of 'Dissident' Irish Republicans".[16][full citation needed]
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Republican Sinn Féin believes that theIrish Republic proclaimed in 1916 during theIrish Republican Brotherhood organisedEaster Rising, founded an all-Ireland sovereign state and that thefirst andsecond meetings of theDáil Éireann were the last legitimate sitting governments of Ireland. RSF rejects theAnglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 which led to the creation of theIrish Free State andNorthern Ireland as an act of treason and refer to it as the "Treaty of Surrender." The regime sitting inLeinster House is regarded by RSF as being founded as an illegitimate British-puppet state (and latterly a fiefdom of Brussels) analogous toVichy France duringWorld War II and the assembly atStormont House as a more overt manifestation of "occupation." It quotesWolfe Tone who said of an urgent need to "break the connection with England, the never-failing source of all our political evils" in calling for the "complete overthrow ofBritish rule in Ireland".
It also refuses to recognise the validity of theGood Friday Agreement as it argues that the referendum on the agreement did not offer the people of Ireland the choice of living in aunited Ireland, and that the referendum was invalid since separate polls were held in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.[17] It also opposes theNorthern Ireland Assembly as it believes that this further entrenches British presence in Ireland, and that "those nationalists who took their seats in the new Stormont" were "guilty of treachery to the Irish Republic".
Republican Sinn Féin does not consider theDefence Forces (descended from the pro-TreatyNational Army of theIrish Civil War) to be the armed forces of the Irish Republic, rather it claims that the Irish Republican Army is the only organisation that has the right to the title of theÓglaigh na hÉireann. This includes in succession; theIrish Republican Army (1917–22), theIrish Republican Army (1922–69), theProvisional Irish Republican Army (1969–86) and since then theContinuity Irish Republican Army. These organisations are all considered by it to simply be the one Irish Republican Army founded by the merger of theIrish Volunteers and theIrish Citizen Army.
Republican Sinn Féin maintains that Ireland should remain independent of large power blocks and thus is aEurosceptic party. The people who would go on to found RSF, while they were still members of Provisional Sinn Féin in 1972 opposed Ireland being brought into theEuropean Economic Community, which later became theEuropean Union. RSF in any case does not recognise theSingle European Act,Maastricht Treaty,Amsterdam Treaty,Treaty of Nice andTreaty of Lisbon as it applies to Ireland, because these agreements were ratified by what it sees as completely "illegitimate" regimes at Leinster House inDublin and (for the north)Westminster Palace inLondon.
In a more general sense, it says there is a "danger of the growing European Union becoming a world superpower in its own right" and that it could be a participant in potential "resource wars" of the 21st century, something it says Ireland cannot support as it would end up "swapping British domination for European domination". It further criticised the EU as taking a "highly centralised political and economic power-bloc" whose decision making is made in what they termed "completely undemocratic institutions"; and that EU bureaucrats work against the interest of small farmers and restructure industry so that the EU centre can prosper at Ireland's expense. Amongst all these issues it said that Ireland's neutrality is under threat.
RSF says that because ofIreland's history as a "colonial possession" it supports other national liberation struggles around the world and "feel[s] a sense of solidarity with all peoples who are struggling for freedom and justice". The party calls itself "internationalist" as it says it recognises that "we all have a common identity as human beings, as members of the great family of peoples [and] we wish to play our role in this wider world community on the basis of equality and respect for the rights of others". In that vein, it supportsdebt relief fordeveloping countries. It also advocates Ireland's neutrality in avoiding military alliances and power blocs.
Other policies of the RSF include theseparation of church and state and the importance of theIrish language "to the Irishidentity".[18] It is alsoabstentionist as both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were created by acts of theBritish Parliament against what it called the "wishes of the Irish people".[19]
It stands on a platform of the establishment of social justice based on what it describes as the principles of Irish RepublicanSocialism, based on the 1916proclamation of an Irish Republic. This is outlined in the party's social and economic policy documentSaol Nua.[20] It also has a policy namedÉire Nua ("New Ireland"), which would see the establishment of a32 county Ireland completely independent of the United Kingdom and set up as afederation of the fourIrish provinces.
At their reorganisation, the Chairman of Republican Sinn Féin wasDáithí Ó Conaill. At the party's first Ard-Fheis, they elected their first president,Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, who had been president of Sinn Féin from 1970 to 1983. He was joined by Dáithí Ó Conaill, another prominent figure in Sinn Féin and the IRA in the 1970s. On 28 September 2009 Ó Brádaigh announced that he was to step down as RSF leader, citing age and health grounds for his decision.[21] On 15 November 2009, he was succeeded byDes Dalton.[22]
On 10 November 2018, Dalton's tenure as president ended after nine years, and Seosamh Ó Maoileoin was announced as the new president of Republican Sinn Féin[23] along with acting vice-presidents Pádraig Garvey and Daire Mac Cionnaith. Líta Ní Chathmhaoil and Dónall Ó Ceallaigh are the general secretaries, and Diarmuid MacDubhghlais and Anthony Donohue are the treasurers. Gearóid Ó Bruachain is the publicity officer.
| Name | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ruairí Ó Brádaigh | 1986–2009 | Longest-served president in the organisation's history. |
| Des Dalton | 2009–2018 | |
| Seosamh Ó Maoileoin | 2018–present |
Saoirse Irish Freedom is the monthly organ of Republican Sinn Féin.[24] It replacedRepublican Bulletin,[25] the first issue of which appeared in November 1986 to explain the reasons for the split in Sinn Féin.[25] The nameSaoirse Irish Freedom is derived from the 1910–1914 publicationIrish Freedom.[24]
Its format was eightA4 pages, continuing monthly until May 1987. In November of that year,Saoirse became an eight-pagetabloid. Since then, the paper has been produced as a 16-page monthly magazine. In June 1996 RSF first published an issue online.[26]
In September 2005, a number of cumainn (or branches) and individual members of RSF left the party in protest over the party's treatment of Continuity IRA prisoners held inPortlaoise Prison. As a consequence of this dispute, a number of people resigned from RSF and formed theConcerned Group for Republican Prisoners to raise funds and provide moral support for the former Continuity IRA-aligned prisoners they supported. However a majority of the prisoners chose to return and the organisation as of 2011 is defunct.
In August 2010 it was reported that members of the Limerick cumann were expelled, and had first adopted the name Limerick Independent Republican Organisation, before changing it to Real Sinn Féin, then simply Republican Sinn Féin, and finally Continuity Sinn Féin.[27][28] In the following years two opposing groups in Limerick, one loyal to local man Joe Lynch, the other loyal to the leadership in Dublin under Des Dalton, claimed to be the "real" Republican Sinn Féin.[29]
RSF sees itself as forming part of a widerRepublican Movement with a number of organisations which share a similar or identical ideological and political perspective. These include (but are not limited to) theContinuity IRA,Cumann na mBan,Fianna Éireann,Cabhair and theNational Commemoration Committee and the Republican Prisoners Action Group.[citation needed] Across these organisations there is believed to be some level of dual membership with RSF. RSF strenuously rejects the allegation that it is the "political wing" of the Continuity IRA, as it denies any assertion that the latter is its "military wing".
Some foreign governments in theAnglosphere have taken a public position against Republican Sinn Féin; theUnited States State Department lists the party as a "terrorist organisation" along with the Continuity IRA. The State Department states that the CIRA "is a terrorist splinter group formed in 1994 as the clandestine armed wing of Republican Sinn Féin, which split from Sinn Féin in 1986. 'Continuity' refers to the group's belief that it is carrying on the original Irish Republican Army's (IRA) policy of being the army of theIrish Republic. CIRA's alleged aliases, Continuity Army Council and Republican Sinn Féin, were also designated as FTOs."[30] The British government currently lists the Continuity Army Council and the Irish Republican Army as a "terrorist group" under theTerrorism Act 2000, but does not mention Republican Sinn Féin.
Though the RSF's policy of abstentionism means that it would not take seats inDáil Éireann, theNorthern Ireland Assembly or theBritish House of Commons, if elected, it has contested local elections in the Republic and Assembly elections in Northern Ireland in 2007.
It initially planned to field 23 candidates, including three sitting councillors elected for Sinn Féin in 1985, in the 1989 local government elections in Northern Ireland. However, shortly before the elections, theBritish Parliament introduced the 'Elected Authorities (Northern Ireland) Act' which required that all prospective candidates sign the following declaration renouncing:
RSF refused to do so on the grounds that such an oath "calls for the public disowning of the Irish Republican Army, Cumann na mBan, Fianna Éireann and a repudiation of the right of the Irish people to use force of arms to end British occupation".[32] Consequently, its candidates did not stand. It is not registered with theElectoral Commission as a political party in Northern Ireland meaning that in elections in Northern Ireland, the party name cannot appear on the ballot paper,[33] and the party cannot make party political broadcasts.[34]
The results for 1991 are only partially available. A number of other people stood for RSF, including Tomás Ó Curraoin, David Joyce and Frank Glynn inGalway, and Jimmy Kavanagh inWexford. Two sitting councillors, Joe O'Neill (Bundoran UDC) and Seán Lynch (Longford County Council) were re-elected. Sitting county councillor Frank Glynn lost his seat onGalway County Council which he had held for 24 years.
Among the unsuccessful were Peter Cunningham inSouth Dublin County Council, Declan Curneen inLeitrim County Council[35] and Joe O'Neill inDonegal County Council.[citation needed]
In the 1999 local elections in the Republic of Ireland, RSF candidates received 1,390 votes in county/city council elections, and 149 votes urban district council level.
Seán Lynch, ofLongford County Council, was reelected.The following were unsuccessful: Joe O'NeillDonegal County Council who also lost his seat on theBundoran Urban District Council,[36] John MacElhinneyLetterkenny Urban District Council,[37] Des LongLimerick City Council, Tomás Ó CurraoinGalway County Council and Geraldine McNamaraTipperary Urban District Council.[citation needed]
RSF ran seven candidates in the local elections in theRepublic of Ireland. The party's only elected representative lost his seat in the elections. Netting a total of 2,403 first preference votes, the RSF share of the total valid poll (1,819,761) was 0.13 per cent. Unsuccessful candidates were Seán Lynch who lost his seat onLongford County Council, Tomás Ó CurraoinGalway County Council, Seán O'NeillLimerick City Council, Mick RyanLimerick City Council,Des DaltonKildare County Council, Terence VarianMidleton Town Council and Donal VarianCobh Town Council.[citation needed]
It ran six candidates in the2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election. As the party did not register with theElectoral Commission, the candidates ran as Independents. They were Michael McGonigleEast Londonderry, Geraldine TaylorWest Belfast, Michael McManusFermanagh and South Tyrone, Joe O'NeillWest Tyrone, Brendan McLaughlinMid Ulster and Barry TomanUpper Bann.[38]
The six candidates netted a total of 2,522 first preference votes, and their share of the total valid poll (690,313) was 0.37 per cent.[39]
Republican Sinn Féin fielded nine candidates in the2009 Irish local elections. As the party is not registered, the party's candidates were labelled non-party or independents.[40]
One of the candidates was successful—Tomás Ó Curraoin in theConnemara electoral area forGalway County Council, receiving 1,387 votes or 8.4% of the valid poll.[41] The unsuccessful candidates were Seán LynchLongford County Council, Mick Ryan and Sean O'NeillLimerick City Council,Des DaltonAthy Town Council, Paddy KenneallyClare County Council, Peter FitzsimonsKells Town Council, Séamus Ó SuilleabháinLimerick County Council and Pat BarryBundoran Town Council.
Republican Sinn Féin Councillor Tomás Ó Curraoin retained his seat in theConnemara electoral area forGalway County Council receiving 1,072 votes (6.36% of the total vote).[42][43] Pádraig Garvey unsuccessfully ran for election toKerry County Council receiving 489 votes.[44]
Tomás Ó Curraoin once again retained his seat in the2019 Galway County Council election, receiving 971 votes (10.8% of the total vote) and being re-elected on the fourth count.[45][46] Ó Curraoin was also re-elected at the2024 Galway County Council election, with 974 votes (9.9%).[47]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)In local politics Joe O'Neill was a member of the then Bundoran Urban District Council, losing his seat in the 1999 local elections.
Conamara (9) – Thomas Welby (Ind), Niamh Byrne (FG), Seosamh Ó'Cualáin (IND), Seán Ó Tuairisg (FF), Eileen Mannion (FG), Tomás Ó Curraoin (Ind), Tom Healy (SF), Noel Thomas (FF), Seamus Walsh (FF)
In 2014 he went on to win 1,072 first preference votes (6.36 per cent) of the total vote.
South and West Kerry - 9 seats ... Ind - Garvey, Padraig - 489 - Eliminated
(First preference votes: candidates elected in bold) ... Conamara South: 5 seats ...Tomás Ó Curraoin (Ind) - 971 (elected count 4)
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