Republican Proposal Propuesta Republicana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | PRO |
| President | Mauricio Macri |
| Secretary General | Eduardo Macchiavelli |
| Chamber Leader | Cristian Ritondo |
| Senate Leader | Humberto Schiavoni |
| Founded | 23 October 2005 (2005-10-23) (alliance) 3 June 2010 (2010-06-03) (party) |
| Merger of | Commitment to Change andRecreate for Growth |
| Headquarters | Balcarce 412,Buenos Aires |
| Think tank | Pensar Foundation[1] |
| Student wing | PRO Universities[2] |
| Youth wing | PRO Youth[3] |
| Membership(2017) |  115,481 (2016)[4][5] |
| Ideology | Conservative liberalism[6] Factions: Liberal conservatism |
| Political position | Centre-right toright-wing |
| National affiliation | Juntos por el Cambio[7] |
| International affiliation | International Democracy Union[8] |
| Regional affiliation | Union of Latin American Parties[9] |
| Internal currents | Republican Union PRO Liberty Republican Opening |
| Colors | Yellow |
| Seats in theChamber | 38 / 257 |
| Seats in theSenate | 6 / 72 |
| ProvinceGovernors | 3 / 24 |
| Website | |
| www | |
Republican Proposal (Spanish:Propuesta Republicana), usually referred to by its abbreviationPRO, is a political party inArgentina. PRO was formed as anelectoral alliance in 2005, but was transformed into a national party in 2010. It is the major component of theJuntos por el Cambio coalition, and its leader is former Argentine presidentMauricio Macri, who is the party's president since May 2024.[10]
PRO has governed the city ofBuenos Aires since2007 and formedCambiemos with theRadical Civic Union and theCivic Coalition ARI with which they won the2015 general election.[11]
Macri re-opened Argentina to international markets by liftingcurrency controls,restructuring sovereign debt, and pressingfree-market solutions.[12][13]
PRO began as an alliance betweenCommitment to Change (CPC) ofMauricio Macri, andRecreate for Growth (Recrear) ofRicardo López Murphy created in 2005.[14]
At the2005 legislative elections, the alliance won nine of the 127 deputies up for election.
Other provincial centre-right parties united within PRO. Macri and López Murphy spoke with GovernorJorge Sobisch, leader of theNeuquino People's Movement, but did not reach an alliance.
In the2007 Argentine general election, PRO did not officially back a candidate but gave tacit support to the bid ofLópez Murphy, who stood as the Recrear candidate.López Murphy did poorly, gaining just 1.45% of the vote. PRO and its allies stood in the congressional elections and won two swats in theChamber of Deputies, and six seats overall.
In theJune 2007 elections in theCity of Buenos Aires, PRO decisively won the election, with Macri becomingHead of Government and the alliance taking 15 of the 30 seats in the city legislature. In addition to CpC and Recrear, the alliance included theDemocratic Progressive Party, theDemocratic Party, theFederal Party, theMovement for Integration and Development, thePopular Union and other neighborhood parties.Mauricio Macri formed an electoral alliance called Union-PRO withFrancisco de Narváez, who was the candidate forGovernor of Buenos Aires. He obtained third place with 15% of the vote.
For the2009 legislative elections, De Narváez andFelipe Solá were the main candidates for national deputies for theBuenos Aires Province and defeatedNestor Kirchner.
In August 2009, Recreate for Growth gave up its formal independence and was completely absorbed by Republican Proposal. The political spaceValues for my Country became a monobloc in congress, detaching itself from the Republican Proposal
On 3 June 2010, the alliance became recognized as a national political party.[15]
In the legislative elections of 28 June 2009, the PRO was presented with its own list withGabriela Michetti in theCity of Buenos Aires and in alliance with theFederal Peronism in theprovince of Buenos Aires. Unión PRO won 19.21% of the votes and third place nationally.[16]
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InJuly 2011, PRO, in alliance with theDemocratic Party and theDemocratic Progressive Party, obtained a 46.1% vote in theCity of Buenos Aires. In the second round on 31 July, he reached the victory and re-election ofMacri as Chief of Government with 64.3% of the votes.[17] That same year, Jorge Macri was elected first mayor of the conurbano through PRO in the October elections with 38.4% inVicente López.[18] InSanta Fe Province, Unión PRO Federal, headed byMiguel del Sel obtained 35.2% of the votes, but Bonfatti obtained the governorship with 38.7%.[19]
For the2013 legislative elections, PRO achieved an alliance with Union for All (later called Union for Freedom), a newclassical liberal party led byPatricia Bullrich.[20] It obtained legislative seats in theCórdoba Province,Entre Rios Province,La Pampa Province,Salta Province,San Juan Province,Santa Fe Province and in theCity of Buenos Aires. PRO obtained 3 senators and 18 deputies.
In June 2015, the Republican Proposal (PRO),Radical Civic Union and theARI Civic Coalition formedCambiemos, abig tent political coalition that proposes a change before the twelve years of government centre-leftkirchnerists. Subsequently, joined the FE Party, Union for Freedom, the Popular Conservative Party and theDemocratic Progressive Party.
These three parties nominated Mauricio Macri,Ernesto Sanz andElisa Carrió as their representatives in the August 2015 primary elections, which were held to choose which candidate would run for the 2015 presidential election on 25 October.On 9 August 2015,Mauricio Macri was elected with 80.75% of the votes as the candidate who would representCambiemos in the presidential election.
On25 October, he won second place with 34.15% and managed to enter the ballotage. On22 November, he was elected President of Argentina with 51.34% of the votes after winning in the second round the KirchneristDaniel Scioli
Horacio Rodríguez Larreta was electedChief of Government of the City of Buenos Aires under another district coalition: Unión-PRO.María Eugenia Vidal (PRO) defeatedAníbal Fernández and becameGovernor of the Buenos Aires Province, putting an end to 28 years ofPeronist control.
Republican Proposal joined theInternational Democracy Union on 17 January 2017.[21][22]
In the legislative elections of 2017,Esteban Bullrich, member of Republican Proposal, obtained the first place and Cambiemos defeated theCitizen's Unity of the formerCristina Fernandez de Kirchner.[23][24]
In March 2018, Union for Freedom, member of theLiberal International, agreed to its dissolution and integration into the PRO. This merger was approved by the PRO National Council andPatricia Bullrich joined the party.
In June 2019, an extension of theCambiemos alliance was made: it is renamedJuntos por el Cambio, by adding toFederal Peronism led byMiguel Ángel Pichetto, who would share the presidential formula of space together withMauricio Macri. In the 2019 presidential elections, JxC was in second place, with 40% of the votes, behindFernández, who won first round with 48% of the votes.
In the province ofBuenos Aires, GovernorMaría Eugenia Vidal sought re-election but was defeated by the candidate of theFrente de Todos,Axel Kicillof, who won 52% of the votes against 38% obtained by JxC.[25] In the city ofBuenos Aires, MayorHoracio Rodríguez Larreta joins theRadical Civic Union and theSocialist Party to the district alliance and is reelected as Chief of Government with 56% of the votes in the first round.[26]
Initially,Javier Milei invitedPatricia Bullrich to run in a internal election in a brand new party that would define the candidate.[27][28] Finally, the alliance did not materialize; and the PRO (withinJuntos por el Cambio) presented two candidates for the primaries. One referenced in the "Hawks", theradical right wing, and more confrontational with thekirchnerism of the party, which was represented by Patricia Bullrich;[29][30][31] and the other referenced in the "Doves", the moremoderate andcentre-right wing of the party, which was embodied byHoracio Rodríguez Larreta.[32][29] In the end, Patricia Bullrich managed to overcome her dialoguing opponent, although she did not obtain enough percentage to qualify for the runoff.[33][34] In which the hardest referents decided to support theultraconservative libertarian Javier Milei, on the contrary the moderates remained neutral or even some supported thecenter-right peronistSergio Massa.[35][36] When the libertarian reached the presidency, he appointed several hard-line members of the PRO in his cabinet.[37]
After the election Patricia Bullrich returned to government as security minister in presidentJavier Milei's Cabinet in December 2023. Bullrich also stated that she will step down both as the leader of Juntos por el Cambio and PRO party.[38] As of 2024 Bullrich and Macri have different views on the future of PRO and its relation withLa Libertad Avanza. Bullrich wants PRO to formally join LLA and create a stronger party, while Macri prefers to stay as an autonomous ally.[39]
Despite its heterogeneity and post-ideological profile, PRO can be classified as acentre-right[40][41][42][43] party close to theliberal-conservative tradition and theneoliberal paradigm.[6] With analysts denoting the party's 3 main ideologies beingconservatism,[44]developmentalism,[45][46][47] andeconomic liberalism.[48] The party aims to revive the "spirit" ofArturo Frondizi, who was Argentine president of theRadical Civic Union between 1958 and 1962.[49]
Fabián Bosoer, a political scientist who writes forClarín, says PRO is "centre-right orrepublicanliberal" party.[50]
PRO's fundamental ties come from other centre-right parties. It sought alliances with parties like theDemocratic Party.[51]
PRO is affiliated with theInternational Democracy Union and has links with international networks ofthink tanks such as theKonrad Adenauer Foundation.[52][53][54]
Mauricio Macri defined his own strength as "pro-market andpro-business".[55]
Despite the majority of PRO members, they refuse to accept that their party be classified as "right-wing" for various reasons.[56][57] InArgentina, only 20% of citizens recognize themselves asright-wing and PRO, like other modern parties, to seek where there is a greater number of potential votes, hoping to add voters to thecentre without losing the support of those on theright-wing. A rejection to be placed in the field of the right-wing prevails, which inArgentina is strongly associated withauthoritarianism.[58] There is also a centrist faction led byHoracio Rodríguez Larreta.[59]
PRO supportslower taxes,deregulation andfree trade.[60][61][62][63] Macri has expressed opposition to thenationalization of the country'sairline andoil companies.[64][65][66]
DuringMacri's presidency, he liberalizedforeign exchange andexports and imports controls, cut sometaxes andenergy subsidies.[67]
Mauricio Macri has opposedLGBT rights during the 1990s but has evolved since then. In 2009, he declared to be in favor of same sex unions and that he was not appealing the ruling that enabled the marriage between two men in the City of Buenos Aires.[68] Nevertheless, in 2010, the majority of national deputies of PRO voted againstsame-sex marriage, includingGabriela Michetti, who actively campaigned against it.[69][68][70]
During Macri's presidency, when the PRO leader declared himselfpro-life, most party members voted against legalizingabortion.[71]
Macri improvedthe relations with the United States and fromMercosur achieved afree trade agreement with theEuropean Union and closer ties with thePacific Alliance.[72][73][74]
PRO and Cambiemos opposes strongly the regime ofNicolás Maduro inVenezuela forhuman rights abuses and calls for a restoration ofdemocracy in the country.[75]
During the first week in office, Macri annulled theMemorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran, which would have established a joint investigation into the1994 bombing with AMIA, a terrorist attack on a Jewish organization for which Argentina blamedHezbollah andIran.[76]
Jóvenes PRO is the young wing within this political party with had an ideology based oncentrism,economic liberalism anddevelopmentalism.[77]
They are full members of theInternational Youth Democrat Union, a global association of conservative and center-rightyouth organizations since December 2013.[78]
For many years, the youth wing was led byMarcos Peña, Chief of the Cabinet and one of the biggest referents of the PRO party.[79]
In April 2018, leaders of the ruling party attended the First National Youth Meeting ofCambiemos. ThereMarcos Peña questioned "populism" and encouraged them to continue on the path of "collective construction".[80]
WhenJavier Milei won the elections in 2023, the group decided to support him, and turned towards thefar-right.[81]
Fundación Pensar is athink tank that develops electoral strategies andpublic policies for the party.[82]
In 2010, he was with Francisco Cabrera as president. The objective of the foundation was to design public policies and coordinate technical teams for a future national government ofMauricio Macri.[83]
| Name | Portrait | Vice President | Presidency start date | Presidency end date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mauricio Macri | .jpg) | Gabriela Michetti | 10 December 2015 | 10 December 2019 |
| Election year | Candidate(s) | First round | Second round | Result | Note | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # votes | % vote | # votes | % vote | ||||
| 2007 | Ricardo López Murphy | 273,015 | 1.43% |  NDefeated | asRecreate for Growth | ||
| 2015 | Mauricio Macri | 8,601,063 | 34.15% | 12,997,938 | 51.34% |  YVictory | asCambiemos |
| 2019 | Mauricio Macri | 10,470,607 | 40.37% | NDefeated | asJuntos por el Cambio | ||
| 2023 | Patricia Bullrich | 6,379,023 | 23.81% | NDefeated | asJuntos por el Cambio | ||
| Election year | votes | % | seats won | Total seats | Position | Presidency | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 1,046,020 | 7.55 | 9 | 9 / 257 | Minority | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2007 | 141,660 | 5.67 | 0 | 9 / 257 | Minority | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2009 | 3,391,391 | 19.21 | 20 | 20 / 257 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2011 | 471,851 | 2.08 | 3 | 11 / 257 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2013 | 2,033,459 | 8.18 | 18 | 20 / 257 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2015 | 8,601,063 | 34.15 | 21 | 41 / 257 | Minority | Mauricio Macri (PRO) | In government |
| 2017 | 10,161,053 | 41.76 | 14 | 55 / 257 | Minority | Mauricio Macri (PRO) | In government |
| 2019 | 10,347,402 | 40.36 | 4 | 51 / 257 | Minority | Alberto Fernández (FdT-PJ) | In opposition |
| Election year | votes | % | seats won | Total seats | Position | Presidency | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 492,892 | 7.5 | 0 | 0 / 72 | Minority | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2007 | 20,077 | 5.67 | 0 | 0 / 72 | Minority | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2009 | 121,100 | 19.21 | 0 | 0 / 72 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2011 | 55,023 | 2.08 | 0 | 0 / 72 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2013 | 779,404 | 8.18 | 3 | 3 / 72 | Minority | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ) | In opposition |
| 2015 | 8,601,063 | 34.15 | 5 | 6 / 72 | Minority | Mauricio Macri (PRO) | In government |
| 2017 | 4,802,632 | 41.01 | 1 | 7 / 72 | Minority | Mauricio Macri (PRO) | In government |
| 2019 | 2,363,432 | 41.94 | 1 | 8 / 72 | Minority | Alberto Fernández (FdT-PJ) | In opposition |
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