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Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1975) Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam Republic of South Vietnam (1975–1976) Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1969–1976 | |||||||||
  | |||||||||
| Motto: Độc lập – Dân chủ – Hòa bình – Trung lập[1] "Independence – Democracy – Peace – Neutrality" | |||||||||
| Anthem: Giải phóng miền Nam "Liberate the South" | |||||||||
Military emblem of theLiberation Army of South Vietnam | |||||||||
.svg) Republic of South Vietnam (dark green) after theFall of Saigon. | |||||||||
| Status | Rival government in opposition to theRepublic of Vietnam (1969–1975) Client state of theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam (1975–1976) | ||||||||
| Capital | Tây Ninh (1969–1972) Lộc Ninh (1972–1973) Cam Lộ (1973–1975) Saigon –Gia Dinh (1975–1976) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Vietnamese | ||||||||
| Religion | Vietnamese folk religion Buddhism Caodaism Christianity | ||||||||
| Government | Unitarycommunistprovisional government | ||||||||
| Chairman of Consultative Council | |||||||||
• 1969–1976 | Nguyễn Hữu Thọ | ||||||||
| Chairman of government | |||||||||
• 1969–1976 | Huỳnh Tấn Phát | ||||||||
| Legislature | People's Assembly | ||||||||
| Historical era | |||||||||
• Government formed | 8 June 1969 | ||||||||
| 30 April 1975 | |||||||||
| 2 July 1976 | |||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 1975 | 173,809 km2 (67,108 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Currency | Liberation dong | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Vietnam | ||||||||
TheProvisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG,Vietnamese:Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam), was formed on 8 June 1969, by theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), as an armedrival government opposing the government of theRepublic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) under PresidentNguyễn Văn Thiệu. Delegates of theNational Liberation Front of South Vietnam (Viet Cong), as well as several smaller groups, participated in its creation.
The PRG was recognized as the government of South Vietnam by mostcommunist states andMalta.[2] It signed the1973 Paris Peace Treaty as an independent entity, separate from both South Vietnam and North Vietnam. After theFall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, the PRG formally replaced the Republic of Vietnam to become the nominal and representative government of South Vietnam under the official nameRepublic of South Vietnam (Vietnamese:Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam), inheriting all properties, rights, obligations and sovereignty representation of the Republic of Vietnam. On 2 July 1976, the Republic of South Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam constitutionally merged to form the currentSocialist Republic of Vietnam.
The Provisional Revolutionary Government was preceded by theVietnam Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peaceful Forces (VANDPF)[3][failed verification –see discussion] made up of anti-government forces and headed by Trinh Dinh Thao.[4] The Alliance was a collection of individuals who wanted a new South Vietnamese government but disagreed with the ever-present Northern Communist presence.[citation needed]
Discussions about forming an alliance had begun as early as 1966, but plans were disrupted when South Vietnamese intelligence agents apprehended a prominent anti-government figure, Ba Tra. Ba Tra gave the South Vietnamese government extensive information on anti-government forces working in the city.[5] This setback was compounded by his identification of one of the key cadre in the financial division.[5]
Under torture, Ba Tra identified more figures in the underground, who were then arrested. By 1967, the entire Saigon organization had been sent further underground.[6]
In early 1969, the then-new American president,Richard Nixon, started a process ofVietnamization to allow theAmerican Armed Forces to withdraw from South Vietnam.[7]
On 8 June 1969 delegates from the Vietcong, the VANDPF, thePeople's Revolutionary Party (the South Vietnamese communist party) and "the usual assortment of mass organizations, ethnic groups, and geopolitical regions" met off Route 22 inCambodia'sFishhook region and formed the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG).[7] Banners displayed prominently at the convention proclaimed that "South Vietnam is independent, democratic, peaceful, and neutral".[7]
Following the military and political results of the 1968Tet Offensive and related military offensives in the South by Saigon and the United States, in which the Vietcong suffered serious military losses, the PRG was envisioned as a political counter-force that could influence international public opinion in support of reunification and in opposition to the United States and South Vietnam.[8]
The declared purpose of the PRG was to provide a formal governmental structure to the NLF and enhance its claim of representing "the Southern people".[9] Included in this strategy was the pursuit of a negotiated settlement to the war leading to reunification, organized during the initial phase of Vietnamization. According to Justice MinisterTrương Như Tảng, the new group's main purpose was to help the NLF "acquire a new international stature."[8]
During 1969–70, most of the PRG's cabinet ministries operated near the Cambodian border. Starting on 29 March to late April 1970, the US and South Vietnamese offensives forced thePRG to flee deeper into Cambodia. The stressful escape caused many of the PRG officials (such as Trương Như Tạng) to need extensive medicalfurloughs. After Trương Như Tạng returned, he noticed that new cadres from the north were causing problems for the non-communist members of the PRG.[10] One member in particular, Ba Cap, harshly denounced most of the PRG asbourgeois.[11] Tạng complained to the higher members of the DRV government, but was rebuffed. Tạng later saw this as the point when the PRG turned from being an independent South Vietnam-based alternative government to being a mouthpiece for the communist movement.[12]
The central bodies of the PRG functioned as aprovisional government. The PRG maintained diplomatic relations with many countries of theNon-Aligned Movement, such asAlgeria andSFR Yugoslavia[13] as well as with theSoviet Union and thePeople's Republic of China.
After theFall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, the PRG assumed power in South Vietnam and subsequently participated in the reunification ofVietnam.
According to professorNgô Vĩnh Long (University of Maine), mid-July 1975, the delegates of theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam (Nguyễn Văn Lưu) and the Republic of South Vietnam (Đinh Bá Thi) applied to join the United Nations (UN) as two independent member states. However, both countries failed in joining the United Nations due to American vetoes on 11 August and 30 September 1975 as theUSSR and China refused to allowSouth Korea to join the organization on 6 August. However, North Vietnam and North Vietnam-controlled South Vietnam became two UN observers in 1975.[14][15]Kuwait was the last country to recognize and establish diplomatic relations with the Republic of South Vietnam on 22 and 24 January 1976, before North and South Vietnam were eventuallyreunited on 2 July 1976.
| Post | Name | Took office | Left office | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairman of Consultative Council (Head of State) | Nguyễn Hữu Thọ | 6 June 1969 | 2 July 1976 | People's Revolutionary Party andDemocratic Party of Vietnam |
| Chairman of Government (Prime Minister and de facto leader) | Huỳnh Tấn Phát | 8 June 1969 | 2 July 1976 | People's Revolutionary Party andDemocratic Party of Vietnam |
| Vice-chairman | Phung Van Cung | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | Democratic Party of Vietnam |
| Vice-chairman | Nguyễn Văn Kiệt | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | |
| Vice-chairman | Nguyen Doa | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | |
| Minister of Presidential Palace of Government | Tran Buu Kiem | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | People's Revolutionary Party andDemocratic Party of Vietnam |
| Minister of Defense | Trần Nam Trung | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | People's Revolutionary Party |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Nguyễn Thị Bình | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | People's Revolutionary Party |
| Minister of the Interior | Phung Van Cung | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | |
| Minister of Justice | Trương Như Tảng | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | |
| Minister of Economy and Finance | Cao Van Bon Duong Ky Hiep (acting from 1975) | 8 June 1969 | died 1971 | |
| Minister of Information and Culture | Lưu Hữu Phước | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | |
| Minister of Education and Youth | Nguyễn Văn Kiệt | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | |
| Minister of Health, Social Action and Disabled Soldiers | Dương Quỳnh Hoa | 8 June 1969 | 1976 | People's Revolutionary Party |
Thenational anthem of the Government wasLiberate the South (Vietnamese:Giải phóng miền Nam). The song was written in 1961 byLưu Hữu Phước (1921–1989) and adopted at that time as the anthem of theNational Liberation Front of South Vietnam (Viet Cong).
In 1966, Lưu Hữu Phước wrote a military songMarch on Saigon [vi] (Tiến về Sài Gòn) as an encouragement the soldiers going to attack Saigon in theTet Offensive. The song was spread again during thefall of Saigon.
độc lập – dân chủ – hòa bình – trung lập
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{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)| Preceded by | Provisional Revolutionary Government 1975–1976 | Succeeded by |
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