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Republic of New Granada República de la Nueva Granada (Spanish) | |||||||||
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| 1831–1858 | |||||||||
| Motto: Libertad y Orden (English:Liberty and Order) | |||||||||
| Anthem: Al Veinte De Julio (Spanish) | |||||||||
.svg) Republic of New Granada | |||||||||
| Capital | Santa Fé de Bogotá | ||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||||||
| Demonyms |
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| Government | Unitarypresidential republic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1831 | Domingo Caycedo | ||||||||
• 1832-1837 | Francisco de Paula Santander | ||||||||
• 1857–1858 | Mariano Ospina Rodríguez | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 20 October 1831 | ||||||||
| 1853 | |||||||||
• Constitutional Change | 11 April 1858 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 1,331,250 km2 (514,000 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1851 | 2,243,730 | ||||||||
| Currency | Peso | ||||||||
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TheRepublic of New Granada was acentralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-dayColombia andPanama with smaller portions of today'sCosta Rica,Ecuador,Venezuela,Peru andBrazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after thedissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858, the state was renamed into theGranadine Confederation.On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with theGran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of the prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states.
In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into theWar of the Supremes, which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850.
In 1851, aCivil war took place, which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of PresidentJosé Hilario López, which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty.As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led byJulio Arboleda, Manuel Ibánez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against president López, in an attempt to preventemancipation of disenfranchised groups and abolition ofslavery, in addition to a number of religious issues.
In 1853, there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there wasanother civil war under the dictatorship of GeneralJosé María Melo. In 1858, a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by GeneralTomás Cipriano de Mosquera sparked a newthree-year civil war in 1860. After the capture of Bogotá in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president, the country was renamed and given a new constitution to form theGranadine Confederation in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country.
The territory of the republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts.
From 1855 to 1857, sevenstates were created out of the provinces.
The Republic also included some territories in the peripheral regions of the country.
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