Renewable energy in Australia is based mainly onbiomass,solar,wind, andhydro generation technologies. Over a third of all electricity generated in Australia is now from renewable sources,^[1] a proportion that is increasing in line with global trends .

Australia's Energy Market OperatorAEMO reports the nation couldphase out coal power before 2040.^[2]

Australia has largefossil fuel reserves,^[3] and most states historically developed an energy network heavily reliant on coal. However, in Tasmania, the first hydro-electric scheme began producing electricity as early as 1916.^[4]

Hydro Tasmania is now the main energy provider in that state.

In mainland Australia, large-scale projects such as theSnowy Mountains Hydro Scheme have produced renewable energy since the 1950s.

Australian researchers at UNSW set up the first solar research lab in 1974, and developed the world's first solar cell in 1981.^[5] UNSW student DrZhengrong Shi started the first solar panel manufacturing company in China in 2001.

Small-scale solar projects such as theRainbow Power company began producing energy for local Australian consumers in the 1980s.

Renewables accounted for close to 40% of Australia's total electricity supply as of 2024.^[6] Wind androoftop solar energy in particular have grown since 2010. Australia now boasts the highest uptake of rooftop solar in the world.^[7][8]

The growth in large-scale renewable energy has been stimulated by recentgovernment energy policy in order to reduce Australia'sgreenhouse gas emissions and increase energy security.

TheAustralian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) was established as an independent government agency in 2012 to improve the competitiveness of renewable energy technologies and to encourage innovation in the industry.

Pros and cons of various types of renewable energy are being investigated, and more recently there have been trials ofgreen hydrogen andwave power.

Australia ratified theKyoto protocol in 2007, and in 2016 became a party to theParis Agreement, an international agreement that binds member countries to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions responsible for climate change. IPCC reports show parts of Australia are at real risk fromclimate change.^[9]

As of 2024^[update] renewable energy is seen as a good investment,^[10] and many companies operate in Australia, includingBP Solar,Eurosolar,Hydro Tasmania,Origin Energy, andPacific Blue.

As in many other countries, renewable energy in Australia has been encouraged bygovernment energy policy to limitclimate change, reduceoil import dependency,^[12] and stimulate the economy.^{[13][14][15][need quotation to verify]}

A 2019 article raised concerns aboutenvironmental sustainability for future generations, as it seemed that the thenfederal government had no renewable energy policy beyond the year 2020.^[16] TheLiberal Party's energy minister,Angus Taylor, stated that the government would not be replacing the Renewable Energy Target (RET) after 2020.^[16]

Australia ratified theKyoto Protocol in December 2007 under the then newly elected Prime MinisterKevin Rudd. Evidence suggests Australia will meet its targets required under this protocol. Australia had not ratified theKyoto Protocol until then, due to concerns over a loss of competitiveness with the US, which also rejects the treaty.^[17]

In December 2016, Australia became a party to theParis Agreement, an international agreement which binds member countries to address climate change, and started submittingemissions reduction commitments (NDCs).^[18]

A key policy encouraging the development of renewable energy in Australia are themandatory renewable energy targets (MRET) set by both Commonwealth and state governments.^{[citation needed]}

An Expanded Renewable Energy Target was passed with broad support^[19] by the Australian Parliament on 20 August 2009, to ensure that renewable energy achieves a 20% share of electricity supply in Australia by 2020. To ensure this the Federal Government committed to increasing the 2020 MRET from 9,500 gigawatt-hours to 45,000 gigawatt-hours. The scheme was scheduled to continue until 2030.^[20] This target has since been revised with theGillard government introducing in January 2011 an expanded target of 45,000 GWh of additional renewable energy between 2001 and 2020.^[21]

The MRET was split in 2012 into a small-scale renewable energy scheme (SRES) and large-scale renewable energy target (LRET) components to ensure that adequate incentive exists for large scale grid connected renewable energy.^[22] A number of states have also implemented their own renewable energy targets independent of the Commonwealth. For example, the Victorian Renewable Energy Target Scheme (VRET) mandated an additional 5% of Victoria's "load for renewable generation", although this has since been replaced by the new Australian Government LRET and SRES targets.^[22] South Australia achieved its target of 20% of renewable supply by 2014 three years ahead of schedule (i.e. in 2011) and has subsequently established a new target of 33% to be achieved by 2020.^[23]

Australia's climate goal includes reducing emissions by 43% by 2030, aiming for 82% of its electricity to come from renewable sources, aligning with theAustralian Energy Market Operator's (AEMO) forecast of 83% renewables in theNational Electricity Market by the same year. This effort is supported by individual targets and initiatives from states and territories, and the National Energy Transformation Partnership, established in August 2022.^[24][25]

ARENA was established by the Australian Government on 1 July 2012. The purpose of ARENA is to improve the competitiveness of renewable energy technologies and increase the supply of renewable energy through innovation that benefits Australian consumers and businesses. Between 2012 and January 2021, ARENA supported 566 projects withA$1.63 billion in grant funding.^[26]

In 2012, theGillard government implemented acarbon price of $23 per tonne (2,200 lb) to be paid by 300 liable entities representing the highest business emitters in Australia. The carbon price will increase to $25.40 per tonne by 2014–15, and then will be set by the market from 1 July 2015 onwards.^[27] It was expected that in addition to encouraging efficient use of electricity, pricing carbon will encourage investment in cleaner renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. Treasury modelling has projected that with a carbon price, energy from the renewables sector is likely to reach 40 per cent of supply by 2050.^[28] Analysis of the first 6 months of operation of thecarbon tax showed that there had been a drop in carbon emissions by the electricity sector. There had been a change in the mix of energy over this period, with less electricity being sourced from coal and more being produced by renewables such as hydro and wind power.^[29] The government at the time presented this analysis as an indicator that their policies to promote cleaner energy were working.^[29]

The carbon pricing legislation was repealed by theTony Abbott-led Australian Government on 17 July 2014.^[30] Since then, carbon emissions from the electricity sector have increased.^[31]

The new $10BClean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) was created by the government in 2012, with the goal of overcoming barriers to the mobilisation of capital by the renewable energy sector. It was intended to make available $2B a year for five years for the financing of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and low emissions technologies projects in the latter stages of development. The fund was expected to be financially self-sufficient.^[32][33]

By the end of 2022, the CEFC had investments totalling around $11B, and had financed 42 wind and solar projects, which added 2.1 GW of solar and 1.5 GW of wind capacity. In 2022, as part of the "Rewiring the Nation" initiative, the Australian Government approved a capital increase of $11B for the CEFC, its first since the corporation's inception. As of 2022, the CEFC had facilitated over $38.65B in clean energy investments.^[25]

TheRenewable Energy Certificates Registry (REC-registry) is an internet-based registry system that is required by theAustralian Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000.^[34] The REC-registry is dedicated to: maintaining various registers (as set in the act); and facilitating the creation, registration, transfer and surrender of renewable energy certificates (RECs).^{[citation needed]}

Feed-in tariffs have been enacted on a state-by-state basis in Australia to encourage investment in renewable energy by providing above commercial rates for electricity generated from sources such as rooftop photovoltaic panels or wind turbines.^[13] The schemes in place focus on residential scale infrastructure by having limits that effectively exclude larger-scale developments such as wind farms. Feed-in tariffs schemes in Australia started at a premium, but have mechanisms by which the price paid for electricity decreases over time to be equivalent or below the commercial rate.^[13] As of 2011, all the schemes in place in Australia were net schemes, whereby the householder is only paid for surplus electricity over and above what is actually used. In the past, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory enacted gross schemes whereby householders were entitled to be paid for 100% of renewable electricity generated on the premises, however these programs have now expired. In 2008 theCouncil of Australian Governments (COAG) agreed to harmonise the various state schemes and developed a set of national principles to apply to new schemes.^[35] Leader of theAustralian Greens,Christine Milne, advocated a uniform national gross feed-in tariff scheme.^[36] Each state and territory of Australia offers a different policy with regards to feed-in tariffs.^[37]

The Solar Sunshot program, announced by prime ministerAnthony Albanese in March 2024, is a $1B fund that delivers grants and production credits to manufacturers of solar panels, to increase the number made in Australia. (As of March 2024, 99% are imported.) The scheme will be run by ARENA. Provision will also be made to manufacturers of other components needed to create renewable energy, and the scheme is part of a plan to provide jobs for those workers currently employed in the coal industry. The new industries will be created inPortland and theLatrobe Valley inVictoria, andWollongong and theHunter Region in NSW.^[38]

There is dispute about the level of subsidies paid to thefossil fuel industry in Australia. TheAustralian Conservation Foundation (ACF) argues that according to the definitions of theOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), fossil fuel production and use is subsidised in Australia by means of direct payments, favourable tax treatment, and other actions. It has been suggested these measures act as impediments to investment in renewable energy resources.^[39] Analysis by the ACF in 2010 indicated that these provisions added up to a total annual subsidy of $7.7B, with the most significant component being the Fuel Tax Credits program that rebates diesel fuel excise to many business users.^[40] This analysis is disputed by theInstitute of Public Affairs (IPA) who argue that the ACF's definition of a subsidy differs from that of the OECD and that the fuel tax rebate schemes are in place to ensure that all producers are treated equally from a tax point of view. However, the IPA acknowledges that regardless of perceived issues with the ACF analysis, some level of fossil fuel subsidy is likely in existence.^[41]

State governments have varied in their policies.

• InVictoria, the renewable energy targets were set to achieve 25% by 2020, 40% by 2025, and 50% by 2030. A subsequent announcement in 2022 outlined ambitious goals of 65% by 2030 and 95% by 2035. These targets are part of the state's Climate Change Strategy, which employsreverse auctions to finance more than 900 MW of renewable energy projects.^[25]
• TheAustralian Capital Territory (ACT) made significant strides in renewable energy, achieving 100% renewables in 2020—a target set in 2016 under its Climate Change Strategy 2019-2025. This achievement was facilitated by reverse auctions that funded renewable energy generation projects, cumulatively amounting to 650 MW.^[25]
• Queensland had set renewable energy targets of 70% by 2032 and 80% by 2035, announced in September 2022. These objectives were embedded within Queensland's Climate Action Plan 2020–2030, which also foresees the conversion of coal-fired power plants into renewable energy hubs by 2035. To facilitate this transition, a $62B clean energy plan has been put in place, utilising reverse auctions.^[25] In September 2025 theLiberal National government announced it would repeal these targets whilst maintaining the states emissions targets of net zero by 2050 and 75% emissions reductions by 2035.^[42]
• South Australia is committed to achieving 100% net renewables by 2030 and aspires to be a net exporter of renewable energy, setting a bold target of 500% by 2050. These ambitions are detailed in the Climate Change Action Plan 2021–2025, which focuses ongovernment funding for renewable energy and storage solutions, rather than market mechanisms.^[25]
• Tasmania is on track to achieve its target of 100% renewable energy by 2022,^[43] a goal it achieved ahead of schedule in 2020. The state now targets the production of 200% renewable energy by 2040. This goal is advanced by the Climate Change Action Plan 2017–2021, focusing on enhancing government investment in existing hydropower assets, avoiding reliance on market mechanisms.^[25]
• TheNorthern Territory previously committed to a target of 50% renewable energy by 2030, set in 2019.^[44] This was then scrapped in March 2025 by theCountry Liberal government, despite supporting the target whilst in opposition.^[45] The state was set to have 10% renewable energy by 2020,^[46] however in the 2024 calendar year renewable generation made up just 7.5% of the generation mix.^[47]
• New South Wales aims to have zero emissions across the state economy by 2050.^[48]
• As of 2018^[update],Western Australia was the only state or territory yet to commit to a renewable energy target.^[49] In May 2019, 21 Western Australian councils have called on the state's Labor government to adopt targets for a 50% renewable electricity supply by 2030, and net-zero emissions by 2050.^[50]

In 2001, amandatory renewable energy target is introduced to encourage large-scale renewable energy development.^{[citation needed]}

In 2007, several reports have discussed the possibility of Australia setting a renewable energy target of 25% by 2020.^[51][52] Combined with some basic energy efficiency measures, such a target could deliver 15,000 MW new renewable power capacity, $33B in new investment, 16,600 new jobs, and 69 million tonnes (150 billion pounds) of reduction in electricity sector greenhouse gas emissions.^[52]

In 2008,Greenpeace released a report called "Energy [r]evolution: A Sustainable Energy Australia Outlook", detailing how Australia could produce 40% of its energy through renewable energy by 2020 and completely phase out coal-fired power by 2030 without any job losses.^[53] David Spratt and Phillip Sutton argue in their bookClimate Code Red that Australia needs to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions down to zero as quickly as possible so that carbon dioxide can be drawn down from the atmosphere and greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced to less than 325 ppm CO₂-e, which they argue is the upper "safe climate" level at which we can continue developing infinitely. They outline a plan of action which would accomplish this.^[54]

In 2010 the mandatory renewable energy target was increased to 41,000 GWh (150,000 TJ) of renewable generation from power stations. This was subsequently reduced to 33,000 GWh (120,000 TJ) by theAbbott government, in a compromise agreed to by the Labor opposition.^[55] Alongside this there is the Small-Scale Renewable Energy Scheme, an uncapped scheme to support rooftop solar power and solar hot water^[56] and several State schemes providingfeed-in tariffs to encouragephotovoltaics.

Also in 2010, ZCA^[who?] launch their "Stationary Energy Plan"^[57] showing Australia could entirely transition to renewable energy within a decade by building 12very large scale solar power plants (3500 MW each), which would provide 60% of electricity used, and 6500 7.5 MWwind turbines, which would supply most of the remaining 40%, along with other changes. The transition would cost $370B or about $8 per household per week over a decade to create a renewable energy infrastructure that would last a minimum of 30 to 40 years.^[58]

In 2012, these policies were supplemented by acarbon price and a $10B fund to finance renewable energy projects,^[32] although these initiatives were later withdrawn by the Abbott government.^[59]

Of all renewable electrical sources in 2012, hydroelectricity represented 57.8%, wind 26%, bioenergy 8.1%, solar PV 8%, large-scale solar 0.147%,geothermal 0.002% and marine 0.001%; additionally, solar hot water heating was estimated to replace a further 2,422 GWh (8,720 TJ) of electrical generation.^[60]

In 2015, theAbbott government ordered the $10B Clean Energy Finance Corporation to refrain from any new investment in wind power projects, saying that the government prefers the corporation to invest in researching new technologies rather than the "mature" wind turbine sector.^[61]

In December 2016, Australia became a party to theParis Agreement, an international agreement which binds member countries to address climate change. It is an obligation for each to submitemissions reduction commitments, calledNationally Determined Contributions (NDCs),^[18] under Article 4 of the agreement. Australia submitted an NDC in 2022.^[62]

By 2017, an unprecedented 39 projects, both solar and wind, with a combined capacity of 3,895 MW, were either under construction, already constructed, or would start construction in 2017. Capacity addition based on renewable energy sources was expected to increase substantially in 2017, with over 49 projects either under construction, constructed or with funding secured for construction.^[63] As of August 2017, it was estimated that Australia generated enough to power 70% of the country's households, and once additional wind and solar projects were complete at the end of the year, enough energy would be generated to power 90% of the country's homes.^[64]

In 2019, Australia met its 2020 renewable energy target of 23.5% and 33 TWh (120 PJ).^[65]

With the 2020 targets being achieved, many of theAustralian states and territories committed to a greater 40% target for renewable energy sources by 2030, includingQueensland,Victoria and theNorthern Territory.^[66]

Between 2000 and 2021, the proportion of energy from renewables grew from 8% to 11.5%, mainly due to growth of wind energy androoftop solar since 2010.^[25]: 79

In July 2022, a report published by theAustralian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering estimated that Australia would be generating around 50 per cent its electricity needs from renewable sources by 2025, rising to 69 per cent by 2030. By 2050, power networks would be able to use 100 per cent green energy for periods. However the report said that investment was also needed, not only in new renewable sources, but in services needed during the transition period –hydroelectric power, batteries and probably gas for a while.^[67]

In 2022, 35.9% of electricity in Australia was generated from renewable sources, up from 32.5% in 2021.^[11]

In 2025 following the election of conservative governments inQueensland and theNorthern Territory, both states cancelled their renewable energy targets.^[42][45] In September 2025, electricity generated from renewables overtook coal for the first time.^[68]

Biomass can be used directly forelectricity generation, for example by burningsugarcane waste (bagasse) as a fuel for thermal power generation in sugar mills. It can also be used to produce steam for industrial uses, cooking, and heating. It can also be converted into a liquid or gaseous biofuel.^[71] In 2015 Bagasse accounted for 26.1%, or 25,100 GWh (90.2 PJ), of Australia's renewable energy consumption, while wood and wood waste for another 26.9%, or 25,800 GWh (92.9 PJ).^[72] Biomass for energy production was the subject of a federal government report in 2004.^[73]

Biofuels produced from food crops have become controversial asfood prices increased significantly in mid-2008, leading to increased concerns aboutfood vs fuel.Ethanol fuel in Australia can be produced from sugarcane or grains and there are currently three commercial producers of fuel ethanol in Australia, all on the east coast. Legislation imposes a 10% cap on the concentration of fuel ethanol blends. Blends of 90% unleaded petrol and 10% fuel ethanol are commonly referred to as E10,^[74] which is mainly available through service stations operating under the BP, Caltex, Shell, and United brands. In partnership with theQueensland Government, the Canegrowers organisation launched a regional billboard campaign in March 2007 to promote the renewable fuels industry. Over 100 million litres (26 million US gallons) of the new BP Unleaded with renewable ethanol has now been sold to Queensland motorists.^[74] Biodiesel produced from oilseed crops or recycled cooking oil may be a better prospect than ethanol, given the nation'sheavy reliance on road transport, and the growing popularity of fuel-efficient diesel cars.^[75] Australian cities are some of the most car-dependent cities in the world,^[76] and legislations involving vehicle pollution within the country are considered relatively lax.^[77]

In Australia, geothermal energy is a natural resource which is not widely used as a form of energy. However, there are known and potential locations near the centre of the country in which geothermal activity is detectable. Exploratory geothermal wells have been drilled to test for the presence of high temperature geothermal activity and such high levels were detected. As a result, projects will eventuate in the coming years and more exploration is expected at potential locations.

South Australia has been described as "Australia's hot rock haven" and this emissions free and renewable energy form could provide an estimated 6.8% of Australia's base load power needs by 2030.^[89] According to an estimate by the Centre for International Economics, Australia has enough geothermal energy to contribute electricity for 450 years.^[90]

There are currently 19 companies Australia-wide spending $654M in exploration programmes in 141 areas. In South Australia, which is expected to dominate the sector's growth, 12 companies have already applied for 116 areas and can be expected to invest $524M (US$435M) in their projects by the next six years. Ten projectsare expected to achieve successful exploration and heat flows, by 2010,^{[needs update]} with at least three power generation demonstration projectscoming on stream by 2012.^{[needs update][89]} A geothermal power plant is generating 80 kW of electricity at Birdsville, in southwest Queensland.^[91]

Investigations intogreen hydrogen production has been funded by theAustralian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA), an independent federal government agency, mostly inWestern Australia. In 2018, it funded Australia's first green hydrogen project atJandakot, called theATCO Hydrogen Microgrid.Solar energy is used to separate hydrogen molecules from water to create renewable hydrogen. This project involved a trial to produce, store, and use green hydrogen to power amicrogrid, and to assess the feasibility of a similar process on a larger scale.^[92] The total project cost was $3.53M, with $1.79M coming from ARENA, and the project was completed on 30 November 2019.^[93]

InSouth Australia, theWhyalla Hydrogen Facility is a proposed 250 MWe hydrogen electrolyser, a 200 MW combined cycle gas turbine generator, and 3,600-tonne (7.9-million-pound) hydrogen storage facility.^[94][95] ASouth Australian Government company called Hydrogen Power South Australia was established to own and operate the plant, which is expected to be completed in 2025 and begin operations in 2026.^[94] Once it is up and running, it will supply power to theWhyalla Steelworks, which will then producegreen steel.^[96]

In March 2024 funding was provided by ARENA for a feasibility study into theEast Kimberley Clean Energy Project, in which a 900-megawattsolar farm atLake Argyle,Western Australia, would create green hydrogen gas. This would be piped north toWyndham, where it would be converted intoammonia and exported to Asia. Total output is estimated at 250,000 tonnes (550 million pounds) per annum.^[97][95]

In 2022, hydro power supplied 19.7% of Australia's renewable electricity generation or 7.1% of Australia's total electricity generation.^[11]

The largest hydro power system in Australia is theSnowy Mountains Scheme constructed between 1949 and 1974, which consists of 16 major dams and 7 major power stations, and has a total generating capacity of 3,800 MW. The scheme generates on average 4,500 GWh (16,000 TJ) electricity per year.^[98] A major extension of the scheme is ongoing as of 2020. DubbedSnowy 2.0, it consists in adding a 2,000 MWpumped hydro storage capacity by connecting two existing reservoirs with tunnels and an underground power station. It is due to complete by 2026.^[99]

Hydro Tasmania operates 30 power stations and 15 dams, with a total generating capacity of 2,600 MW, and generates an average of 9,000 GWh (32,000 TJ) of electricity per year.^[100] There are also plans to upgrade Tasmania's hydro power system to give it the capability to function aspumped hydro storage under the 'Battery of the Nation' initiative.^[80]

In 2022, solar power supplied around 41.0% of Australia's renewable electricity and around 14.7% of Australia's total electricity.^[11] Twelve new large-scale (>5 MW) solar farms were commissioned in 2021 with a combined capacity of 840 MW, bringing the total installed large-scale capacity to almost 6.5 GW. As of the end of 2022, 48 large-scale solar farms were either under construction or financial committed nationally.^[11]

Small-scale solar power (<100 kW) is the dominant contributor to Australia's overall solar electricity production as of 2022, producing 63% of solar's total electricity output (21,726 GWh or 78,210 TJ of 34,446 GWh or 124,010 TJ total).^[11] In 2022, 2.7 GW of new small-scale capacity was installed across 310,352 installations, bringing total small-scale capacity to 19.39 GW.^[11]

As of December 2022, Australia's over 3.36 million solar PV installations had a combined capacity of 29,683 MW of which 3,922 MW were installed in the preceding 12 months.^[101]

Australia has developed world leading solar thermal technologies, but with only very low levels of actual use. Domesticsolar water heating is the most common solar thermal technology.^[102] During the 1950s, Australia'sCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) carried out world leading research into flat plate solar water heaters. A solar water heater manufacturing industry was subsequently established in Australia and a large proportion of the manufactured product was exported. Four of the original companies are still in business and the manufacturing base has now expanded to 24 companies. Despite an excellent solar resource, the penetration of solar water heaters in the Australian domestic market was only about 5% in 2006, with new dwellings accounting for most sales.^[103] By 2014, around 14% of Australian households had solar hot water installed^[104] It is estimated that by installing a solar hot water system, it could reduce a family's CO₂ emissions up to 3 tonnes (6,600 lb) per year while saving up to 80% of the energy costs for water heating.^[105]

While solar water heating saves a significant amount of energy, they are generally omitted from measures of renewable energy production as they do not actually produce electricity. Based on the installed base in Australia as of October 2010, it was calculated that solar hot water units would account for about 7.4% of clean energy production if they were included in the overall figures.^[106]

TheCSIRO'sNational Solar Energy Centre inNewcastle,New South Wales houses a 500 kW (thermal) and a 1.5 MW (thermal) solar central receiver system, which are used as research and development facilities.^[107][108]

TheAustralian National University (ANU) has worked on dish concentrator systems since the early 1970s, and early work lead to the construction of theWhite Cliffs Solar Power Station. In 1994, the first 'Big Dish' 400 m² (4,300 sq ft) solar concentrator was completed on the ANU campus. In 2005, the dish technology developed by ANU was exclusively licensed to solar technology companyWizard Power.^[109][110] In collaboration with ANU, the company built and demonstrated the 500 m² (5,400 sq ft) commercial Big Dish design in Canberra, with this having been completed in 2009. The company had planned to construct the Solar Oasis demonstration site inWhyalla,South Australia as the first commercial implementation of the technology,^[111] using 300 Wizard Power Big Dish solar thermal concentrators to deliver a 40 MWe solar thermal power plant.^[112] Construction was expected to commence in mid-late 2013, but following the withdrawal of Commonwealth funding in June 2013, the project was halted with Wizard Power ceasing operations in September 2013.^[113]

Research activities at theUniversity of Sydney andUniversity of New South Wales have spun off into Solar Heat and Power (nowAreva Solar), which was building a major project atLiddell Power Station in theHunter Valley. The CSIRO Division of Energy Technology has opened a major solar energy centre in Newcastle that has a tower system purchased from Solar Heat and Power and a prototype trough concentrator array developed in collaboration with the ANU.^[109]

This section needs to beupdated. The reason given is: cite is very old. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(March 2024)

Several projects for harvesting the power of the ocean were attempted:

• Oceanlinx trialled awave energy system atPort Kembla, but went bankrupt.
• Carnegie Corp of Western Australia tried a method of using energy captured from passing waves,CETO.
• BioPower Systems is developing its bioWAVE system anchored to the seabed that would generate electricity through the movement of buoyant blades as waves pass, in a swaying motion similar to the way sea plants, such as kelp, move. It expects to complete pilot wave and tidal projects off northernTasmania this year.^[114]

In 2022, wind power supplied around 35.6% of Australia's renewable electricity and around 12.8% of Australia's total electricity.^[11] Eight new wind farms were commissioned in 2022 with a combined capacity of 1,410 MW, bringing the total installed capacity to more than 10.5 GW. As of the end of 2022, 19 wind farms with a combined capacity of 4.7 GW were either under construction or financial committed nationally.^[11]

Wind power in Victoria is the most developed with 8,655 GWh (31,160 TJ) generated in 2021, followed bySouth Australia with 5,408 GWh (19,470 TJ), New South Wales with 5,384 GWh (19,380 TJ), Western Australia with 3,407 GWh (12,270 TJ), Tasmania with 1,859 GWh (6,690 TJ), and Queensland with 1,772 GWh (6,380 TJ).^[86]

The largest wind farm in Australia is theStockyard Hill Wind Farm, which opened in 2022 with a capacity of 530 MW. This overtook the 453 MWCoopers Gap Wind Farm.^[86][11]

Australia has a very high potential for renewable energy.^[115] Therefore, thetransition to a renewable energy system is gaining momentum in the peer-reviewed scientific literature.^[116] Among them several studies have examined the feasibility of a transition to a 100% renewable electricity systems, which was found both practicable as well as economically and environmentally beneficial to combatglobal warming.^{[117][118][119]}

BP has been involved in solar power since 1973 and its subsidiary,BP Solar, is now one of the world's largest solar power companies with production facilities in the United States, Spain,India and Australia.^[120] BP Solar is involved in the commercialisation of a long life deep cyclelead acid battery, jointly developed by theCSIRO and Battery Energy, which is ideally suited to the storage of electricity for renewable remote area power systems (RAPS).^[121]

Edwards first began manufacturing water heaters in Australia in 1963. Edwards is now an international organisation which is a leader in producing hot water systems for both domestic and commercial purposes using solar technology. Edwards exports to Asia, the Pacific, the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Middle East.^[122]

Eurosolar was first formed in 1993, with an aim of providing photovoltaic systems to the masses. It focuses onsolar power in multiple Australian capitals. They continue to install panels all around Australia.

Hydro Tasmania was set up by the State Government in 1914 (originally named the Hydro-Electric Department, changed to the Hydro-Electric Commission in 1929, and Hydro Tasmania in 1998). Today Hydro Tasmania is Australia's largest generator of renewable energy. They operate thirty hydro-electric stations and onegas power station, and are a joint owner in threewind farms.

Meridian Energy Australia runs a number of renewable energy assets (4 wind farms and 4 hydro plants) and only produces renewable energy – it claims to be Australasia's largest 100% renewable energy generator.

Nectr is an Australian-based electricity retailer that focuses on offering renewable energy plans and services. Launched in 2019,^[123] it currently operates inNew South Wales,South East Queensland andSouth Australia, planning to expand toVictoria,Tasmania and theACT in 2022. Nectr is owned by Hanwha Energy, an affiliate of South Korea'sHanwha Group, one of the global leaders in renewable energy technology, including solar power (Hanwha Q Cells) and battery storage technologies. The company offers 100% carbon offset plans, GreenPower plans and also launched solar and battery installation bundles inAusgrid andEndeavour within NSW.^[124] Its parent company Hanwha Energy Australia is an investor in Australian utility-scale solar power assets,^[125] including the 20 MWACBarcaldine solar farm in Queensland and the 88 MWACBannerton solar farm in Victoria. It is currently developing two new solar farms in southern NSW with capacity to produce enough energy to supply 50,000 homes.^[126]

Origin Energy is active in the renewable energy arena, and has spent a number of years developing severalwind farms in South Australia, asolar cell business using technology invented by a team led by ProfessorAndrew Blakers at theAustralian National University,^[127] andgeothermal power via a minority shareholding stake in Geodynamics.^[128]

Pacific Blue is an Australian company that specialises in 100% renewable energy generation. Its focus is on hydroelectricity and wind power. Power stations owned by Pacific Blue include wind farms:Codrington Wind Farm,Challicum Hills Wind Farm,Portland Wind Project and Hydro power:Eildon Pondage Power Station,Ord River Hydro Power Station andThe Drop Hydro.

Snowy Hydro Limited, previously known as theSnowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority, manages theSnowy Mountains Scheme which generates on average around 4,500 GWh (16,000 TJ) ofrenewable energy each year, which represented around 37% of all renewable energy in theNational Electricity Market in 2010. The scheme also diverts water forirrigation from theSnowy River Catchment west to theMurray andMurrumbidgee River systems.

Solahart manufactured its first solar water heater in 1953, and products currently manufactured by Solahart includethermosiphon and split system solar and heat pump water heaters. These are marketed in 90 countries around the world and overseas sales represent 40% of total business. Solahart has a market share of 50% in Australia.^[129]

Solar Systems was a leader in high concentration solarphotovoltaic applications,^[130][131] and the company built a photovoltaicMildura Solar concentrator power station, Australia.^[132][133] This project will use innovative concentrator dish technology to power 45,000 homes, providing 270,000 MWh (970,000 GJ) per year for $420M.^[134] Solar Systems has already completed construction of three concentrator dish power stations in theNorthern Territory, at Hermannsburg, Yuendumu, and Lajamanu, which together generate 1,555 MWh (5,600 GJ) per year (260 homes, going by the energy/home ratio above). This represents a saving of 420,000 litres (110,000 US gallons) of diesel fuel and 1,550 tonnes (3,420,000 pounds) of greenhouse gas emissions per year. The total cost of the solar power station was "$7M, offset by a grant from the Australian and Northern Territory Governments under their Renewable Remote Power Generation Program".^[135] The price of diesel in remote areas is high due to added transportation costs: in 2017, retail diesel prices in remote areas of the Northern Territory averaged $1.90/L ($7.2/US gal). The 420,000 litres (110,000 US gallons) of diesel per year saved by these power stations in the first decade of operation would thus have cost approximately $8M.

Wind Prospect is a company based inBristol, UK, founded in 1992.^[136][137] An Adelaide-born employee, Michael Vawser, established a separate company of the same name inAdelaide, South Australia, in 2000. The company first created the 46 MWCanunda Wind Farm in the south-east of the state (commissioned in March 2005^[138]), followed by the 70 MWMount Millar Wind Farm on theEyre Peninsula. It built many wind farms in SA, and then expanded interstate.^[139] As of March 2024^[update] the Australian company is based inMelbourne, Victoria, and has obtained planning approval for 22 wind farms and 2 solar farms in total.^[140] The Wind Prospect Group, apart from the UK and Australia, also operates in Ireland, Canada, France (as WPO^[141]), and China.^[142]

• Australian Conservation Foundation (2007).A Bright Future: 25% Renewable Energy for Australia by 2020^{[dead link]} 27 pages.
• Australian Government (2007).Australian Government Renewable Energy Policies and Programs 2 pages.
• CSIRO (2007).Climate Change in Australia: Technical Report 148 pages.
• CSIRO (2007).Rural Australia Providing Climate Solutions^{[dead link]} 54 pages.
• Diesendorf, Mark (2007).Paths to a Low Carbon Future 33 pages.
• ICLEI Oceania (2007).Biodiesel in Australia: Benefits, Issues and Opportunities for Local Government Uptake^{[dead link]} 95 pages.
• New South Wales Government (2006).NSW Renewable Energy Target: Explanatory Paper 17 pages.
• Office of the Renewable Energy Regulator (2006).Mandatory Renewable Energy Target Overview 5 pages.
• Renewable Energy Generators Australia (2006).Renewable Energy – A Contribution to Australia's Environmental and Economic Sustainability 116 pages.
• The Natural Edge Project, Griffith University, ANU, CSIRO and NFEE (2008).Energy Transformed: Sustainable Energy Solutions for Climate Change MitigationArchived 28 June 2010 at theWayback Machine 600+ pages.
• Greenpeace Australia Pacific Energy [R]evolution Scenario: Australia, 2008[2]Archived 14 April 2011 at theWayback Machine) 47 pages.
• Beyond Zero Emissions Zero Carbon Australia 2020, 2010[3])
• Ison, Nicky (2018).A plan to repower Australia(PDF). Repower Australia 2018.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toRenewable energy in Australia.

• Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA)
• Office of the Renewable Energy Regulator
• The Australian Centre for Renewable Energy (ACRE)
• "Climate change", Australian Government – Department of the Environment
• Map of operating renewable energy generators in Australia
• Renewable energy farms and Energy Georeference World map
• Desert Knowledge Australia Solar Centre
• Renew Economy

Articles

• Australia no shining star of renewable energy
• MRET policy 'stills wind farm plans'
• Green energy market unviable: Vestas
• Cool wind blows for investors
• Riches in energy harvesting, farmers told
• Renewable energy revolution for NSW cane growers
• Australian breakthrough snapped up – by eager Americans
• Renewable Energy projects in Australia – By State
• Renewable Energy projects in Australia – By Type
• At its current rate, Australia is on track for 50% renewable electricity in 2025

• Renewable energy in Australia

• Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments
• Webarchive template wayback links
• All articles with dead external links
• Articles with dead external links from June 2016
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Use Australian English from January 2023
• All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English
• Use dmy dates from January 2023
• Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024
• All articles containing potentially dated statements
• Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2024
• All articles with unsourced statements
• Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024
• Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018
• All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
• Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from March 2024
• Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2010
• All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
• Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2012
• Wikipedia articles scheduled for update tagging
• Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2024
• Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2024
• Articles with dead external links from January 2025
• Articles with dead external links from July 2013
• Commons category link from Wikidata