Religious clothing isclothing which is worn in accordance withreligious practice, tradition or significance to afaith group. It includesclerical clothing such ascassocks, andreligious habit,robes, and othervestments. Accessories includehats,wedding rings,crucifixes, etc.
Tzitzit are specially knotted ritual fringes, or tassels worn by most Jewish men and boys during prayer. Tzitzit are attached to the four corners of thetallit (Jewish prayer shawl) and in more traditional communities are tied to all four-cornered garments.
Tefillin are black leather boxes made by hand which contain written passages from the Hebrew Bible, particularly theV'ahavta and secured to the arm and head with leather straps. These have been worn for at least the last 2,000 years and originated in pre-diaspora Judaism.[1] These are almost exclusively worn by very religious Jews during weekday prayers, and not worn outside of religious functions in order to prevent one from 'defiling' them. Curiously, while Ashkenazi and some Sephardi men have the custom to wear these during prayer, many outlying communities such as theBeta Israel did not, until they were introduced to the custom by Israelis or Ashkenazi missionaries.
Akippah or yarmulke is a cloth head covering worn by Jews during prayer or other ritual services. Some wear it every day. In the United States, most synagogues and Jewish funeral services keep a ready supply of kippot for the temporary use of visitors who have not brought one.
Amitpachat, ortichel inYiddish, is a headscarf worn by some religious Jewish women. It is customary for a married woman, but some women choose to wear them only during religious occasions.
Various formal hats are worn by Jewish men in Hasidic Jewish circles and sometimes in other traditional communities, generally on top of ayarmulke, generally reflecting a particular cultural background, and sometimes reflecting one's age, marital status, rabbinical rank or lineage. In general, hats are only worn on top of a yarmulke after a Jewish male reachesbar mitzvah age, although some communities, such as Belz and Viznitz, have boys underbar mitzvah age wear caps known askaskets on top of theiryarmulkes.Fedoras, generally black with a wide brim, are worn by men fromLitvish,Yeshivish, andChabad-Lubavitch communities, and these are worn by both single and married men.Homburg style hats are often worn by rabbis of higher rank in Litvish and Yeshivish circles.Derby hats are worn by Hasidic men in certain communities, sometimes signifying lay status as opposed to rabbinical status.Biber hats are worn by Hasidic men, both married and unmarried, in certain communities, with varied styles signifying which community one belongs to, or sometimes rabbinical status.Shtreimels are worn by married men (or previously married men, such as divorced men and widowers) in many Hasidic communities and the Sabbath, major holidays, and special occasions such as weddings; and by unmarried boys afterbar mitzvah in certain traditional Jerusalemite communities, such as Toldos Aharon.Spodiks are worn by married (et al.) men in certain Hasidic communities originating in Poland on the same occasions when ashtreimel is worn in other communities, particularly the communities of Gur, Alexander, and Amshinov.Kolpiks are worn by unmarried boys overbar mitzvah age who are from rabbinical families, and by certain Hasidic rabbis on special occasions that are more than a regular weekday but not warranting the wearing of ashtreimel, such as lighting Hanukkah candles and conducting atish on Rosh Chodesh or Tu B'Shvat. In Mizrachi communities, these are replaced by the more traditionalsudra, or otherwise a turban typically wrapped from a modifiedkeffiyeh. Other communities wear hats similar to thefez or the more common Bucharian styledkippah.
Rekel coats are worn by Hasidic lay men during weekdays, and by some on the Sabbath.
Some Ashkenazi Jewish men wear afrock coat during prayer and other specific occasions. It is commonly worn by Hasidic rabbis and Jewish religious leaders in public. The coat is more commonly known as afrak, asirtuk, or akapotteh.
Bekishe coats or robes are worn by Hasidic lay men on Sabbath and holidays, both single and married. In some non-Hasidic communities abeskishe may be worn either during prayer or at meals as well, on the Sabbath and holidays. Hasidic rabbis will wear abekishe on weekdays as well, with their weekday hats. Thebekishe worn by certain rabbis may have colors other than black, such as white, silver, gold, or blue, and may also be lined with velvet.
Thekittel is a white robe worn on certain occasions by married men (and some women)[2] in Ashkenazic and Hasidic communities, such as Yom Kippur and Passover Seder, and may be worn by those leading prayers (and in some communities by all married men) on Rosh Hashanah, Hoshanah Rabbah, and for Tefilas Tal and Tefilas Geshem. A groom will generally wear akittel during his wedding ceremony as well. In some Sephardic communities, a rabbi or ahazzan may wear a similar white robe at weddings and at prayer services.
Thegartel is a belt used by some Jewish men during prayer, particularly from Hasidic communities. "Gartel" is Yiddish for "belt." In older traditional Jewish communities, sashes were worn for the same effect, though non-European traditional clothing has fallen out of favor in Israel, and therefore most of these communities.[3]
Wearing a thinred string (as a type oftalisman) is a custom, popularly thought to be associated withJudaism'sKabbalah, in order to ward off misfortune brought about by an "evil eye" (עין הרע in Hebrew). In Yiddish, the red string is called aroite bindele. The red string itself is usually made from thinredwoolthread. It is worn, or tied, as a type ofbracelet or "band" on the leftwrist of the wearer (the receiving side).[4] The connection to traditional Judaism is disputed, and this is mostly worn by secular or non-Jewish spiritualist circles who often misunderstand the origins, or were sold manufactured versions within popular Israeli religious tourist attractions.[5]
Vestments areliturgical garments and articles associated primarily with theChristian religions, especiallyCatholic,Eastern Orthodox,Anglicans,Methodists, andLutheran Churches. Other groups also make use of vestments, but this was a point ofcontroversy in theProtestant Reformation and sometimes since - notably during theRitualist controversies in England in the 19th century.Clerical clothing is non-liturgicalclothing worn exclusively byclergy. It is distinct from vestments in that it is not reserved specifically for services.
Women belonging to various Christian denominations (such as those ofConservative Anabaptist Christianity and Orthodox Christianity) practiceChristian headcovering, a traditional practice since the days of theearly Church.[6] Additionally, some Christians practice the wearing ofplain dress, notably traditionalAnabaptists (such asOld Order Mennonites andConservative Mennonites),Conservative Friends, and Methodists of theconservative holiness movement; for example, in its 2015 Book of Discipline, theEvangelical Wesleyan Church teaches that:[7]
We require our women to appear in public with dresses of modest length, sleeves of modest length, modest necklines and modest hose; the wearing of split skirts, slacks, jeans, artificial flowers or feathers is forbidden. Moreover, we require our men to conform to the scriptural standards of decent and modest attire; we require that when they appear in public they wear shirts with sleeves of modest length. We require that all our people appear in public with sleeves below the elbows. Women's hemlines are to be modestly below the knees. Our people are forbidden to appear in public with transparent or immodest apparel, including shorts or bathing suits. Parents are required to dress their children modestly in conformity with our general principles of Christian attire. We further prohibit our people from participating in the practices of body-piercing, tattooing or body art.[7]
Adherents ofThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and someMormon fundamentalist groups often receivetemple garments at the time of receiving their endowment, after taking part in theendowment ritual in atemple. These religious undergarments are to be worn at all times (with the exception of certain activities such as exercise) under typical clothing. They date back to the early days of the Church, originating with the Church's first latter-day prophet,Joseph Smith, Jr., and have been updated periodically. Members believe that the wearing of these garments serves as a symbolic reminder of eternal covenants they have made with God the Father andJesus Christ. Outside of temples, including at weeklysacrament meetings and atgeneral conferences, respectful clothing is traditionally worn, often with a white, button-down shirt, and a tie for the male members, females typically wear a dress or skirt, emphasizing "modesty" in appearance.
Special outer temple clothing (also called temple robes) is worn byMormons to perform theendowment andsealing portions of their templeceremonies. The clothing includes arobe that fits over one shoulder, asash, anapron, aveil (for women), and a cap (for men). All of the clothing is white, including shoes and neckties, except for the apron, which is green.[9]: 1:55 [10] It is common for Latter-day Saints to beburied in their temple clothes.[11] White clothes are worn by those undergoing and performingbaptism.[12][13]
Dress in Islam varies from country to country. TheQuranic suraAn-Nur ("The Light") prescribes modesty in dress. Varioushadiths (teachings ofMuhammad) state further criteria for women's dress code and men's dress code in Islam.
Thehijab is recommended for women in the Quran, which says: "O Prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to bring down over themselves [part] of their outer garments. That is more suitable that they will be known and not be abused. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful."[14]
The hijab is commonly worn throughout the Islamic world, with many Muslim countries having adapted it to their culture and traditions. For example, there are Muslim countries likeTurkey where only a headscarf is common; however, this does not mean that theniqab,burqa orkhimar are not worn. InSaudi Arabia, the hijab, niqab, the khimar and the burqa are typical. InAfghanistan and parts ofPakistan, the burqa and the niqab are both common. InIndia, particularly in the state ofKashmir, Muslim women wear the hijab and the khimar. InSudan,Indonesia andMalaysia, the hijab, the khimar and thejilbab are more common.[citation needed]
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Hindu men often don short coats known asangarkhas, while women typically wear long scarves or robes calledsaris.[15][16]
Ordained Buddhist bhikkus (monks) and bhikuunis (nuns) traditionally wear simple robes calledkāṣāya, named after a brown or saffron dye used to give the fabric their distinctive non-primary colors. Originally, these robes were made of cast-off or donated material because monks livedascetic lifestyles.[17] The dyes were used to distinguish their common clothing from other people.[18] InSanskrit andPali, these robes are also given the more general termcīvara, which references the robes without regard to color.
Bhikkus wear the "triple robe" (tricivara) comprises an inner garment or waistcloth (antaravasaka), an upper robe (uttarsanga) and outer robe (sanghati). Bhikkunis wear the "fivefold robe" with an additional vest and skirt.[19][17] Sandals are allowed if they are simple and have one lining only, or they may have many linings if they are cast-off sandals.
Ordained Buddhists also keep their heads and faces shaved, often including eyebrows, as a symbol of the renunciation of worldly desires.
BaptizedKhalsaSikhs are mandated to wear the5 Ks:Kesh (unshorn hair), strappedKirpan (sword),Kachhehra (prescribed shorts),Kanga (Comb tucked in the tied up hair),Karha (Steel bracelet). He/she must not have on his/her person any token of any other faith. He/she must not have his/her head bare or be wearing acap. He/she must not be wearing anyornaments piercing through any part of the body.[20]
Hair is seen as sacred.Hair cutting, trimming, removing,shaving,plucking,threading,dyeing, or any other alteration from any body part is strictly forbidden.[21]
In addition to this, every Sikh man is supposed to wear a turban, while it is optional for women.[22] Piercing of the nose or ears for wearing ornaments is forbidden for Sikh men and women.[23] It is not proper for a Sikh woman to wearveil or keep her face hidden by veil or cover.[24]
A Peace Mala is a symbolic bracelet used to promote the message of theGolden Rule of mutual respect recognised by many spiritual paths. It consists of 16 beads, forming a double rainbow, which representChristianity,Buddhism,Sikhism,Islam,Judaism,Baháʼí,ISKCON,Zoroastrianism,Tribal and Native Religions,Jainism,Earth Religions,Taoism,Hinduism andYungdrung Bön, with the central white bead representing the wearer and whatever path they may follow.[4]
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Religious clothing — especially that of religious clergy members whose religious clothing tends to be more distinctive — is sometimes worn in secular contexts, even when it is not expected or required. In such cases, clergy especially are often using their presence as a religious figure for a specific purpose. For example, during theGeorge Floyd Protests of 2020, clergy and religious leaders of various faiths wore purplereflective vests as a symbol of their religious witness, sometimes in addition to other religious clothing.[25]
There are numerous other instances where clergy have joined protests while in their respective faith's ceremonial dress.[26][27][28][29] In many such cases, in addition to bearing witness, clergy have stated the following as part of their decision to join while in their ceremonial (or otherwise formal) religious garb:
In other contexts, some religious individuals will also don religious attire not solely for their own practice, but as a sign of solidarity with others who may be unable to practice their faith. For instance, some Muslim women in India have articulated that they choose to wear their hijab because other Muslim women in places such as France are legally barred from doing so.[31]
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