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Religion in Tonga

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Religion in Tonga (2021 Census)[1]
  1. Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga (34.2%)
  2. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (19.6%)
  3. Catholic Church (13.7%)
  4. Free Church of Tonga (11.3%)
  5. Church of Tonga (6.82%)
  6. Other Christian (12.0%)
  7. Baháʼí Faith (0.73%)
  8. Other religions, no affiliation, and unstated (1.62%)
The Centenary Chapel (popularly calledSaione, orZion), located inNuku'alofa. It is the national seat of the Free Wesleyan Church.
Catholic Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua in Nuku'alofa

Christianity is the predominantreligion in Tonga, withFree Wesleyan Church of Tonga having the most adherents.[1]

TheConstitution of Tonga establishesfreedom of religion, which is respected in practice by both the government and general society, although there are some laws which restrict commerce and broadcast media in accordance with Christian religious norms.

Christianity

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Tongans are ardent churchgoers.Church service usually follows a call and response structure. Singing in the church is often donea cappella. Although a church attends primarily to the spiritual needs of the population, it also functions as the primary social hub.

Sunday is celebrated as a strict sabbath, enshrined so in the constitution, and despite some voices to the opposite, the Sunday ban is not likely to be abolished soon. No trade is allowed on Sunday, except essential services, after special approval by the minister of police. Those that break thelaw risk a fine or imprisonment.[2]

Along with others fromOceania, some Tongan Christians have attempted to develop their own uniquetheology which addresses the contextual questions offered by people of thePacific. This includes thecoconut theology of the MethodistSione 'Amanaki Havea or theincarnational theology of the CatholicBishop of TongaPatelesio Finau.[3]

LDS Tonga Temple

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Tonga claims 68,609members on record (about 60% of the population) with 175 congregations as of 2025.[4] According to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Tonga has a higher per-capita number of Latter-day Saints than any other country in the world.[5] However, according to the 2021 census, only 19.6% of Tongans belong to LDS Church and Tongans belonging to otherChristian denominations represent the majority of the population.[1]

Other religions

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Buddhism has begun to gain traction, growing from 0.2% to 0.4% of the population in five years.[6]Hinduism decreased from 104 people in 2006 to 100 in 2011.[7]

Islam is also present in Tonga, 0.2 percent of total population is Muslim.[8]

TheBaháʼí Faith in Tonga started after being set as a goal to introduce the religion in 1953,[9] and Baháʼís arrived in 1954.[10] With conversions andpioneers, the firstLocal Spiritual Assembly was elected in 1958.[11] Less than forty years later, in 1996, the Baháʼís of Tonga established their paramountBaháʼí school in the form of theOcean of Light International School.[12] Around 2004 there were 29 local spiritual assemblies.[10] TheTonga Broadcasting Commission maintained a policy that does not allow discussions by members of the Baháʼí Faith of its founder,Bahá'u'lláh on its radio broadcasts.[13]

In the early 20th century, there were two earlySikh pioneers residing in Tonga who came from theGarhshankartehsil of the Punjab.[14]

Demographics

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According to the 2021 Tonga Census, the largest religious group in the country was theFree Wesleyan Church, comprising approximately 34.2% of the total population of 99,408. TheChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints followed with 19.6%, andCatholics made up 13.7%. TheFree Church of Tonga accounted for 11.3%, while the Church of Tonga represented 6.8% of the population. Other notable denominations included the Seventh Day Adventist Church (2.48%), the Assembly of God (2.47%), and other Pentecostal denominations (1.92%). Tokaikolo adherents made up 1.46%, and the Constitutional Church of Tonga accounted for 1.16%. Smaller religious groups included theBaha’i Faith (0.73%), Mo’ui Fo’ou ‘ia Kalaisi (0.69%), the Anglican and Gospel churches (0.59 and 0.48%), Jehovah’s Witnesses (0.4%), and The Salvation Army (0.33%). Minority religions such asHinduism andIslam comprised around 0.08% and 0.06% of the population, while Buddhists made up 0.06%. Additionally, 0.58% of the population reported no religious affiliation, 0.72% identified with other religions, and 0.12% refused to answer.[1]

Census figures

[edit]
Religions in Tonga by Census
Religion1986[15]1996[15]2006[7]2011[16][17]2016[18]2021[1]
Christianity90,17594,48999,255101,27297,91097,075
Baháʼí Faith-595686777755730
Hinduism--104100-78
Buddhism--711836058
Islam-354724-60
Other2,874830202877921714
Refuse to answer-101,698275104119
None-6128288516574
Total94,04996,020101,991103,043100,26699,408
Christian groups in Tonga by Census
Religion1986[15]1996[15]2006[7]2011[16]2016[18]2021[1]
Free Wesleyan Church40,37139,70338,05236,59235,08233,953
Roman Catholic14,92115,30915,92215,44114,27613,649
Latter-day Saints11,27013,22517,10918,55418,67319,534
Free Church of Tonga10,41311,22611,59911,86311,89611,244
Church of Tonga6,8827,0167,2956,9356,8686,782
Tokaikolo Christian Church3,0472,9192,5972,5331,5621,455
Mo'ui Fo'ou 'ia Kalaisi----741688
Anglican Church563720765728697590
Seventh-day Adventist Church2,1432,3812,2822,3312,2492,461
Assembly of God5651,0822,3502,6022,3472,455
Constitutional Church of Tonga-8459419619571,152
Gospel Church-63243236287476
The Salvation Army---247297332
Jehovah's Witnesses---462385400
Other Pentecostal Denomination---1,0341,5931,904
Total90,17594,48999,255101,27297,91097,075

Religious freedom

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The constitution of Tonga establishes the freedom of religion, with the qualification that this freedom is not used to "commit evil" or to otherwise violate the law. The constitution forbids commercial transactions on Sundays in accordance with theChristian Sabbath, although the tourism industry is granted some exceptions from this rule.[19][20]

Religious organizations are not required to register with the government, but may do so in order to receive tax exemptions, the right to issue legally recognized marriage certificates, and other privileges. Foreign missionaries may operate in the country without special restrictions.[19]

Public schools may choose to include up to an hour of religious education per week; students are required to attend religious education courses pertaining to the religion that they profess. Many religious organizations operate private schools.[19]

The government allows religious organizations to broadcast programming onTV Tonga andRadio Tonga, officially with the restriction that they must limit their messaging to be "within the limits of the mainstream Christian tradition". Despite this restriction, in the past theBaháʼí Faith community has televised programming, although the community has since discontinued this program. As of 2020, there have been no reports of the government denying requests for air time from any religious organization.[19][20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdefTonga 2021 Census of Population and Housing, Volume 2: Analytical Report (Report). Vol. 2. Tonga Statistics Department. July 2024. pp. 81–83. Retrieved22 December 2025.
  2. ^"Tonga – Mandatory Sunday Rest Laws and the International Date Line". ReligiousLiberty TV. 7 February 2022. Retrieved5 October 2022.
  3. ^Forman, Charles W. (July 2005)."Finding Our Own Voice: The Reinterpreting of Christianity by Oceanian Theologians"(PDF).International Bulletin of Missionary Research.29 (3):115–122.doi:10.1177/239693930502900301.S2CID 147338574. Archived from the original on June 15, 2016.
  4. ^"The Church in Tonga".www.churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved2025-12-20.
  5. ^^ Jump up to: a b Church News: Country information: Tonga, churchofjesuschrist.org, accessed 2013-12-15
  6. ^Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (2007-09-14)."Tonga".2001-2009.state.gov. Retrieved2025-08-08.
  7. ^abc"Home | Statistics for Development Division".
  8. ^"The Guide to the Religions in Tonga - Tonga Pocket Guide". 2023-12-29. Retrieved2025-08-08.
  9. ^Hassall, Graham (1992),"Pacific Baha'i Communities 1950-1964", in H. Rubinstein, Donald (ed.),Pacific History: Papers from the 8th Pacific History Association Conference, University of Guam Press & Micronesian Area Research Center, Guam, pp. 73–95
  10. ^abTuitahi, Sione; Bolouri, Sohrab (2004-01-28),"Tongan Baha'is parade to the palace",Baháʼí World News Service
  11. ^Hassall, Graham (1996),"Baháʼí Faith in the Asia Pacific Issues and Prospects",Baháʼí Studies Review, vol. 6, pp. 1–10
  12. ^Baháʼí International Community (2006-07-17),"Ocean of Light School celebrates 10th anniversary",Baháʼí World News Service
  13. ^"Tonga, International Religious Freedom Report 2006".U.S. Department of State. Retrieved2025-12-22.
  14. ^McLeod, W. H. (1989). "The First Forty Years of Sikh Migration: Problems and Some Possible Solutions". In Barrier, Norman Gerald; Dusenbery, Verne A. (eds.).The Sikh Diaspora: Migration and the Experience Beyond Punjab (1st ed.). South Asia Books. p. 33.ISBN 9788170010470.The ripples from Singapore certainly spread as far as New Zealand and Fiji, and the two Sikhs from Garhshankar tahsil who were in Tonga early this century (McLeod 1986: 103) should serve to remind us that few territories were so remote as to be beyond their range.
  15. ^abcdCENSUS96 Admin, Tonga Department of Statistics, 11/15/2011, pages xxii, 14
  16. ^abCensus Report 2011 Vol.1 rev., Tonga Department of Statistics, 11/07/2013, page 39
  17. ^Tonga 2011 Census of Population and Housing, Volume 2: Analytical Report (Report). Vol. 2. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, New Caledonia. January 2014. p. 33. Retrieved28 September 2017.
  18. ^abTonga 2016 Census of Population and Housing, Volume 2: Analytical Report (Report). Vol. 2. tongastats.gov.to. 2019. pp. 23–24. Retrieved20 December 2025.
  19. ^abcdInternational Religious Freedom Report 2017 § Tonga, US Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.
  20. ^ab"TONGA 2020 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT"(PDF). United States Department of State. Retrieved5 October 2022.

External links

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