Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish:maakunta;Swedish:landskap)[a]which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for themunicipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.[2]
In 2022, newWellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.[3]
One region,Åland, has a special status and has a much higher degree of autonomy than the others, with its ownParliament and local laws, due to itsunique history and the fact that the overwhelming majority of its people areFinland Swedes. The sole language of Åland isSwedish/Finland Swedish, unlike the rest of the country whereFinnish andSwedish share official status. It has its own electedhead of government who carries the title of Premier and heads theLantråd, the regional executive. Most powers that would be exercised by theGovernment of Finland on the mainland are instead exercised by Åland-specific authorities which execute independent policy in most areas. The Åland islanders elect a single representative to the nationallegislature, while the Government of Finland appoints aGovernor to represent the national government on Åland. Åland is ademilitarized zone and Åland islanders are exempt from conscription.
In addition to inter-municipal cooperation, which is the responsibility of regional councils, there are 15Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment (Finnish:elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskus, abbreviatedely-keskus), which are responsible for the local administration of labour, agriculture, fisheries, forestry and entrepreneurial affairs. They are each responsible for one or more of regions of Finland, and include offices of the Ministries of Employment and the Economy, Transport and Communications and Environment. TheFinnish Defence Forces regional offices are responsible for the regional defence preparations and for the administration of conscription within the region.
