| Regional Mexican | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Música Mexicana,[1] Mexican Regional |
| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | Mexico andSouthwestern U.S. |
| Subgenres | |
| (See list) | |
| Other topics | |
| Latin music,country music,sertanejo music | |
Regional Mexican music (also calledMúsica Mexicana[1]) refers collectively to the regional subgenres of the country music ofMexico and its derivatives from theSouthwestern United States. Each subgenre is representative of a certain region and its popularity also varies by regions. Subgenres includebanda,country en Español,Duranguense,grupero,mariachi,New Mexico music,Norteño, Sierreño,Tejano, andTierra Caliente.[2] It is among the most popularradio formats targetingMexican Americans in the United States.[3][4][5]
Similarly tocountry andsertanejo music, artists of regional Mexican subgenres are often characterized by their use ofWestern wear anddenim clothing.[6][7]
Many different subgenres of regional Mexican have their origins in the 16th to 18th centuries.Indigenous,African, andSpanish instruments and styles mixed together to create these genres of music.[8] For example,mariachi originated in the state ofJalisco around the 18th century.[9] The mariachi genre is distinguished by its use of thevihuela,guitarrón,trumpet, andviolin.[10]
Other genres developed later in the 20th century. An example being theranchera. Ranchera is a traditional style of regional Mexican formed during theMexican Revolution.[11] Today, it can be performed in the vast majority of regional Mexican subgenres in several differenttime signatures.
The popularity of regional Mexican music, increased internationally from the 1940s to 1960s with the addition of the many regional Mexicansoundtracks used in films.[4]Pedro Infante was one of many who helped popularize the genre in the 1950s during theGolden Age of Mexican Cinema.[12] Regional Mexicanboleros, specifically boleros accompanied with mariachi, were also popular around this time. Beginning in the 1940s, regional Mexican musicgained popularity in Chile through the use of radio and television.
In the 1970s, the mariachi genre and ranchera style began to increasingly spread into theUnited States. Many popular mariachi singers during this time includeVicente Fernández andAntonio Aguilar.
In the 1980s, Mexican singer-songwriterJuan Gabriel popularized the mariachi ballad along withAngélica María. Musical groups likeRamón Ayala y Los Bravos del Norte,Los Cadetes de Linares, andLos Invasores de Nuevo León from the northeastern states of Mexico helped expand the popularity ofnorteño music.[13] During the 1980s, the different but similar genres of music were grouped under the term "regional Mexican"[14] and grew in popularity in the United States, due to higher concentrations of Mexican population. In 1984,Billboard released aRegional Mexican Albums chart in their magazine. Vicente Fernández's albumPor Tu Maldito Amor (1989) became the longest running number one regional Mexican album of the decade in the United States.
In the 1990s, various subgenres of regional Mexican music remained popular and gained popularity all over Mexico and the United States.Thegrupero genre became one of the most popular regional Mexican genres in the United States due to its unique use ofelectric guitars,keyboard, anddrums.[15] Popular bands in the genre includedLos Bukis,Los Temerarios, andBronco. Other regional Mexican acts like American singerSelena were known for fusing the style withTejano music. Tejano music soon became the most prominent in the genre and one of the fastest-growing music genres in the United States. The "Golden Age of Tejano" is considered to have ended March 31, 1995, when Selena wasshot and killed.[16] Selena's music led to the genre's revival and made it marketable in the U.S. for the first time.
In 1992,Chalino Sanchez, a Mexican singer who influenced thenarcocorrido genre was murdered outside a nightclub.[17] In 1994 in the U.S., theBillboard chart for Regional Mexican music was created and mostly includedtechnocumbias and grupero ballads. "La Niña Fresa" by Banda Zeta was the first number-one song included on the chart.[18] The decade also saw the rise in popularity ofSinaloan banda with groups such asBanda El Recodo,La Arrolladora Banda El Limón, andBanda Los Recoditos.Technobanda, a hybrid ofSinaloan banda andgrupero which was developed in the late 1970s in the Mexican state ofNayarit, had its heyday with acts such asBanda Machos,Banda Maguey, andBanda Arkángel R-15. Bands such asConjunto Primavera,Los Rieleros del Norte, andPolo Urías y su Máquina Norteña helped spread the popularity of thenorteño with sax sound. Acountry en Español popularity boom, led by the band Caballo Dorado, reached the central regions of Mexico during the 1990s.
In the late 1990s, Mexican singerAlejandro Fernández was known for mixing elements ofpop music and mariachi[19] in hisMexican pop songs. In 1999,Nortec was developed from Norteño andTechno in the Mexican city ofTijuana.[20][21]
In the 2000s, established regional Mexican artists continued to release music including California-basednorteño bandLos Tigres de Norte, a band that has released music since the 1970s.[22][23] That same decade, some new regional Mexican groups were formed, includingSinaloan banda groupBanda MS.Valentín Elizalde, a regional Mexican artist who made corridos was shot after a performance in Mexico in 2006.[24]
In the mid to late 2000s,duranguense was one of the most prevalent genres.[25] Duranguense was further evolved with its own "Chicago sound" as Mexican American artists from the area incorporated different rhythms and styles into the genre.[26][27] Duranguense bands includeGrupo Montéz de Durango,K-Paz de la Sierra, andPatrulla 81. The decade also saw some mainstream exposure forTierra Caliente music[28] with acts such asLa Dinastía de Tuzantla,Beto y sus Canarios, andTierra Cali.
In the 2010s, regional Mexican music continued to be pioneered, although it remained less popular than decades before.Norteño-Banda, also known as norteño withtuba, had its most successful run during the early to mid 2010s[29] with artists such asLarry Hernández,Gerardo Ortíz,Calibre 50, andVoz de Mando. Mexican singer-songwriterAriel Camacho led the sierreño style withLos Plebes del Rancho. Camacho would go on to inspire many other later regional Mexican artists before and after his death in 2015.[4][30]
In 2017, Mexican singerChristian Nodal charted on the Regional Mexican and LatinBillboard charts in the United States with his single "Adiós Amor".[31] Nodal is known for his fusion of mariachi and norteño music.[32] In 2019, norteño bandLos Tucanes de Tijuana becameCoachella's first norteño act.[33] Another norteño band, Los Tigres de Norte broke the record of paid attendance for aRodeo Houston show on March 10, 2019, with 75,586 concert tickets sold.[34][35]
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In the early 2020s, the regional Mexican genre had a global resurgence steadily topping charts and becoming more listened to. According toSpotify in 2022, Mexican music streams more than doubled since 2019 to reach 5.6 billion.[36] The format had 150 U.S. radio stations.[37] Some of the most listened to regional Mexican artists in the 2020s includePeso Pluma,Natanael Cano,Junior H,Grupo Frontera, Banda MS,Iván Cornejo, andGrupo Firme.[5] Many regional Mexican artists reached millions of streams and high chart success including Peso Pluma[38] whose song withEslabon Armando titled "Ella Baila Sola" reached No. 4 on the U.S.'s Billboard's mainstream pop chart, theHot 100. In 2023, Peso Pluma had 24 songs enter the Hot 100.[39] Popular genres of these new artists includecorridos tumbados, or trap corridos.[40][41] In 2022, Yahritza Martinez ofYahritza y su Esencia, became the youngest Latin artist to enter the Hot 100 at the age of 15.[42][43] In 2023, artists of otherLatin music genres includingBad Bunny,Becky G, andShakira released songs and albums with regional Mexican music.[4][44][45]
In February 2024,Carín León, who is known to incorporate country music influence into several of his songs,[46] became the first regional Mexican artist to perform in one of country music's most prestigious venues, theGrand Ole Opry.[47] Later, in April of that year, he became the first regional Mexican artist to perform in both theCoachella andStagecoach music festivals within the same year.[48][49]
Uforia Audio Network owns a number of stations running the regional Mexican format.[2] Television channelsBandamax and Video Rola are dedicated to transmitting programming relating mainly to the regional Mexican genre. In Mexico, there are many radio stations solely dedicated to regional Mexican music and some with certain subgenres. Regional Mexican stations are available in the U.S. mostly targeting the Mexican American population.
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Within their respective genres, regional Mexican artists perform differentstyles of songs such asrancheras,corridos,cumbias,boleros,ballads, among others.[52][53] |
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