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Thered triangle, also known as thered wedge, was arequired accessory worn by left-wing dissidents incarcerated inNaziconcentration camps duringWorld War Two. A red triangle patch pointing upwards designated prisoners within the jurisdiction of theWehrmacht, includingprisoners of war,[citation needed] spies, andmilitary deserters.[2] An inverted red triangle was worn bypolitical prisoners, includingresistance fighters.[3][4][5] The political ideologies designated by the red triangle includedcommunists,liberals,anarchists,Social Democrats, andFreemasons.[5][6] After the war, the inverted red triangle symbol wasreclaimed byanti-fascists in Europe, similar to the way that thepink triangle used to markgay prisoners became a symbol ofLGBTQ pride. The reclaimed red triangle symbol has been used as the logo for theAssociation of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime – Federation of Antifascists in Germany and numerous other post-war remembrances and memorial groups. It has also been worn as alapel pin by left-wing politicians fromBelgium,France, andSpain.
Other left-wing, anti-fascist, and resistance groups have used red triangle or red wedge symbols that reference images and symbols from before WWII.[7]One of these isBeat the Whites with the Red Wedge, a1919 propaganda poster byEl Lissitzky.[7]An earlier image recalled by somelabour movements is anequilateral triangle representingeight-hours of work, eight-hours of leisure, andeight hours of sleep in the 24-hours of a day.
In 2020,Donald Trump's presidential re-election campaign attracted controversy by using the symbol in social media advertisements attacking his ownfar-left opponents, whom he described as "Antifa".[8]
The red triangle has been a left-wing political symbol since the19th century.OnLabor Day in1890 in France workers wore a red triangle as a symbol of theeight-hour working day they were fighting for, with the three points representing 8 hours of work, 8 hours of rest, and 8 hours of leisure.[9][10]It is still used with this meaning in some parts of Europe, in conjunction with Labour Day celebrations on 8 May.[11]
In July 1889 in Paris, at the meeting of theSecond International, the workers' association bringing together European socialist and workers' parties, decided that the following year, workers would demonstrate on May 1 to demand the eight-hour day.[12] The red leather triangle was adopted on 1 May 1890 in Paris during the workers' struggles so that the demonstrator could distinguish himself from theman in the street [fr].[13] The badge symbolizes workers' demand for a maximumeight-hour work day, which reserved 8 hours of sleep and 8 hours of leisure. The inscription "1 May, 8 hours of work" was sewn onto the triangle for the demonstration.[14]
Following the immense success of the mobilization of the 1 May 1890 – inBelgium, 150,000 workers went onstrike – it was decided shortly afterward to make this date a worldwide day of action, this is the creation of theInternational Workers' Day (French:Journée internationale des travailleurs).[12] The eight-hour day was obtained in 1919 in France and in 1921 in Belgium.[12]
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Similar symbols were being used infar-left politics in early 20th century Russia. A red triangle or "red wedge" features on some early communist posters. A red wedge appeared in a 1919 soviet propaganda poster byconstructivist artistEl Lissitzky titled "Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge", referring to the anti-communistWhite movement, who were defeated by theRed Army during theRussian Civil War.[15][16]The term "whites" referred to the White movement, a conservative, right-wing,monarchist movement whose factional colour was white.The title, allegedly recommended byIlya Ehrenburg, is possibly a response to the pogrom slogan "Beat the Jews!" (Russian:Бей жидов!,romanized: Bej zhidov!).[17][18][19]The full slogan wasBeat the Jews - save Russia! [ru] (Russian:Бей жидов — спасай Россию!), and it was predominantly used by right wing monarchists and their militantBlack Hundreds.[20][21][22]
Numerous modern left-wing groups and publications have used symbols that reference the red wedge, or the reclamation or the red triangle badge that the Nazis used to mark their political opponents, or both.[7]Theblack flag used by modernanti-fascists (Antifa) also refers back to the era of theRussian Revolution.[23]The El Lissitzky poster was the namesake of the 1980s British left-wing musical collectiveRed Wedge, they opposed British conservatives but did not describe themselves as communist.[24][25][26]
The colour of the symbol comes from the party colours of theCommunist Party of Germany, one of the first groups to be detained in the Nazi concentration camps.[3]Nazi crackdowns on their left wing political enemies started very early. As depicted in the famous poem,First They Came byMartin Niemöller, a German priest. It begins,"When the Nazis came for the communists, I kept quiet; I wasn't a communist" (German:Als die Nazis die Kommunisten holten).[29]The most comon English version begimns, "First they came for the Communists".[30][29]In a 2024 article about the origins of the red triangle symbol, Germany's public broadcasterDeutsche Welle reported, "At first, the majority of political inmates wereGerman Social Democrats orCommunists and the red of the triangle referred to their party colors.. most were non-Germans from across the political spectrum who had opposedNational Socialism orNazi Germany'soccupation of their countries".[3]
| Red triangle prisoner categories |
|---|
| communists[31] |
| social democrats[31] |
| liberals[31] |
| members of the Resistance[31] |
| anarchists[31] |
| trade unionists[31] |
| Freemasons[31] |
| Strasserists[31] |
A red inverted triangle was worn by political prisoners inNazi concentration camps.[32][4][6]The red triangle was only used for Jewish prisoners in unusual circumstances, such as when the Nazi authorities in the prison were unaware that the prisoner was Jewish.[33]
Germancommunists were among the first to be imprisoned in concentration camps.[34][35] Their ties to theUSSR concerned Hitler, and the Nazi Party was intractably opposed to communism. Rumors of communist violence were spread by the Nazis to justify theEnabling Act of 1933, which gave Hitler his first dictatorial powers.Hermann Göring testified atNuremberg that Nazi willingness to repress German Communists prompted Hindenburg and the old elite to cooperate with them. Hitler and the Nazis also despised German leftists because of their resistance to Nazi racism. Hitler referred to Marxism and "Bolshevism" as means for "the international Jew" to undermine "racial purity", stir upclass tension and mobilisetrade unions against the government and business. When the Nazis occupied a territory, communists, socialists and anarchists were usually among the first to be repressed; this included summary executions. An example is Hitler'sCommissar Order, in which he demanded the summary execution of all Soviet troops who were political commissars who offered resistance or were captured in battle.[36][verification needed]
Many red triangle wearers were interned atDachau concentration camp.The triangle and star system was used at theDachau concentration camp from 1938 to 1942.[37]
According to theAuschwitz-Birkenau State Museum inOświęcim, Poland, 95% of prisoners atAuschwitz concentration camp were accused of political crimes.[e][38][additional citation(s) needed]
Later this expanded and many political detainees were German and foreign civilianactivists from across the political spectrum who opposed the Nazi regime, capturedresistances fighters (many of whom were executed during—or immediately after—theirinterrogation, particularly in occupiedPoland andFrance) and, sometimes, their families. Germanpolitical prisoners were a substantial proportion of the first inmates atDachau (the prototypical Nazi concentration camp). The politicalPeople's Court was notorious for the number of itsdeath sentences.[39][40]
Since the end ofWorld War II the red triangle has been used as ananti-fascist symbol.[7]Thepink triangle and red triangle were both reclaimed after the war as symbols of pride and remembrance.[3]
TheAssociation of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime – Federation of Antifascists (German:Vereinigung der Verfolgten des Naziregimes – Bund der Antifaschistinnen und Antifaschisten, VVN-BdA) is a German political confederation founded in 1947 and based in Berlin. TheVVN-BdA, formerly the VVN, emerged from victims' associations in Germany founded by political opponents toNazism after theSecond World War and the end of theNazi rule in Germany.[verification needed]
With the end of World War II, self-help groups of former resistance fighters were founded in "anti-fascist committees", known as "Antifas", involving working class militants, in particular but not only Communists[41][42][43][44] which were banned immediately by the military administrations of each of theBritish andAmerican occupation zones for being far politically left.[45][46]By June 26, 1945, an "association of political prisoners and persecutees of the Nazi system" had been founded in Stuttgart, and in the following weeks and months, there were regional groups of ex-political prisoners and other persecuted individuals formed with the permission of the allied forces, in each of the four occupation zones.[47]
The group are critical offar-right politiciansin Germany and abroad.In 2025, the group claimed that, "The weakening of universities has long been a declared goal of the US right".[48]
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From 1975 onwards, theDeutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR, also known as East Germany) released a medal for the "Committee of Antifascist Resistance Fighters" (KdAW,German:Komitee der Antifaschistischen Widerstandskämpfer) of the GDR that included a red triangle.[50]The Committee of Antifascist Resistance Fighters (KdAW) was formed in 1953. Practically speaking, it functioned as the East German counterpart of theUnion of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime (Vereinigung der Verfolgten des Naziregimes). The KdAW enjoyed a close relationship with theSocialist Unity Party, although it was not a member of theNational Front.[verification needed] The organisation played an important role in the commemoration ofGerman resistance to Nazism andThe Holocaust in East Germany.[51] East Germany utilised such commemorative functions to emphasise the anti-fascist orientation of the state.[52]Membership in the KdAW served as a means of accessing benefits. For instance, membership made one eligible to receive theMedal for Fighters Against Fascism.[53]It also contained a number of working groups, which brought people with similar backgrounds together. The most prominent of these were groups for survivors of variousconcentration camps and prisons; for example one existed for former prisoners ofBrandenburg-Görden Prison. Another working group was formed for veterans of theInternational Brigades of theSpanish Civil War.[54]
In addition to theAssociation of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime – Federation of Antifascists (VVN-BdA) memorials above, the red triangle also features on numerous other war memorials in Europe. War memorials featuring the red triangle symbolexist in Germany and inareas of Europe that wereoccupied by Germany duringWorld War Two.[3]
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Service medals awarded toprisoners of war and other camp inmates after WWII feature the triangle that was used on prisoners' uniforms.TheAuschwitz Cross, aPolish medal for camp victims and thePolitical Prisoner's Cross 1940–1945, aBelgian medal both show a red triangle with a nationality indicator, and the ribbons replicate the striped fabric of some camp uniforms.[55]
ThePolitical Prisoner's Cross 1940–1945 (French:Croix du Prisonnier Politique 1940–1945,Dutch:Politieke Gevangenkruis 1940–1945) was aBelgian war medal established byroyal decree of theRegent on 13 November 1947 and awarded to Belgian citizens arrested and interned by the Germans as political prisoners during theSecond World War. The award's statute included provisions for posthumous award should the intended recipient not survive detention, and the right of the widow, the mother or the father of the deceased to wear the cross.[55]
TheAuschwitz Cross (Polish:Krzyż Oświęcimski), instituted on 14 March 1985, was aPolish decoration awarded to honour survivors ofNazi German concentration camps, includingAuschwitz.[56] Auschwitz is a German name for the Polish townOświęcim, where a complex of concentration camps was built by Nazi Germany during theGerman occupation of Europe during WWII.[additional citation(s) needed]It was awarded generally to Poles, but it was possible to award it to foreigners in special cases. It could be awarded posthumously. It ceased to be awarded in 1999. An exception was made in the case ofGreta Ferušić, who was awarded it in February 2004.[57]Some of the people awarded the medal were Jewish, includingSzymon Kluger (Shimson Kleuger).[58]
Territoires de la Mémoire [fr;nl] andTriangle Rouge [nl;fr] (Red Triangle) are Belgian organisations who promote the use of the red triangle as a symbol of anti-fascism and anti-racism.[59][60][h]
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After the war the red triangle andpink triangle symbols werereclaimed by those who opposed the Nazis' oppression of those groups.[3] The red triangle became a symbol of resistance against theGerman occupation of Europe during the war, and the pink triangle used to markgay prisoners became a symbol ofLGBTQ pride.[3]Like the pink triangle, the red also was used in some broader contexts, not just directly related to memorializing thevictims of Nazi Germany. Some of the broader usage referenced theEl Lissitsky poster.[7]
Various anti-fascist and left wing groups in Europe have used red triangles referencing the reclaimed political prisoners' symbol or the Soviet red wedge. In the United Kingdom in the 1980sAnti-Fascist Action sometimes used the symbol.[16][61] For example, they produced a badge that showed a red triangle / red wedge symbol aggressively attacking a blackswastika and smashing it.[16]In the dandruff era, theRed Wedge were a left wing pop group in the UK who took their name from the Soviet poster.[62]
Red triangle and red wedge symbols often feature at protests against far-right political movements, particularly in Germany.[63]
The German protest group NIKA (German:Nationalismus ist keine Alternative,lit. 'Nationalism is not an alternative') was started in response to the rise ofGermany's far-right party, the AfD (German:Alternative für Deutschland,lit. 'Alternative for Germany').[1]
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Political discussions often include comparisons toNazi Germany orfascism more broadly, the analogy isoften criticised andparticularly controversial when applied toIsrael (theself-described "Jewish State" in the Levant).
Red trianglelapel pins are widely distributed Western European countries. Red triangle pins are worn bysocialist,communist, andotherleft-wing orfar-left politicians in countries such asBelgium,Spain, andFrance.[66][67][68]
Left-wing French presidential candidateJean-Luc Mélenchon wore a red triangle lapel pin during his campaign, the message was particularly aimed at diffentiating himself from far-rightNational Front candidateMarine Le Pen (daughter of the party'seven more controversial founder,Jean-Marie Le Pen).[66]
Jean-Luc Mélenchon explained the meaning of the symbol, "I have been compared to theNational Front. I was outraged. I said to myself, what could I wear? And someone, a Belgian, a comrade, said to me, 'Listen, I'll give you mine, it's the insignia of the communist deportees in the Nazi concentration camps'. And so I said: 'now I'm putting it on, I'm not taking it off' ... We forget this moment in history. Butthe first to be deported and massacred were the communists..."[66]
French politicianUgo Bernalicis, from theLeft Party (previously from theSocialist Party), represents thedepartment of Nord, in theFrench National Assembly.[69]Bernalicis was born into a family close to thecommunist movement, with a militant father, an elected grandfather and a great-grandfather who was deported to theDachau concentration camp because of his political convictions.[70]
In 2020, red lapel pins were worn bySpanish politiciansPablo Iglesias (Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain, hhh) andAlberto Garzón (Ministry of Consumer Affairs, from theUnited Left party) when they were sworn into government by theKing of Spain.[71]Alberto Garzón has been wearing the symbol since 2016.[72]
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In 2020,Donald Trump's presidential re-election campaign attracted controversy by using the symbol in social media adversisements attacking his ownfar-left opponents, whom he described as "Antifa".Facebook banned the ad on the basis of thehistorical use by theNazi Party in theirpersecution of their political opponents.[8]A spokesperson for the campaign claimed it was not a hate symbol on the basis that it was not in theAnti-Defamation League (ADL) database of hate symbols. ADL's CEOJonathan Greenblatt, pointed out the database only included symbols used in the United States, not historical or foreign symbols.[8]"Gigafact" published a fact check with the question "Does Antifa commonly use an inverted red triangle symbol once used by Nazis?" and their headline answer was "NO", but they did point out that the red triangle has been used by some European anti-fascist groups.[61]
InJune 2020, Donald Trump'selection campaign included an advertisement on social media saying that he would make "Antifa" (short foranti-fascism) a "designated terrorist" group. The advertisement showed the red triangle as an antifa symbol.[73]
In June 2020, there-election campaign ofDonald Trump posted an advertisement on Facebook stating that "Dangerous MOBS of far-left groups are running through our streets and causing absolute mayhem" and identifying them as "ANTIFA", accompanied by a graphic of a downward-pointing red triangle. The ads appeared on the Facebook pages of Donald Trump, the Trump campaign, and Vice PresidentMike Pence. Many observers compared the graphic to the symbol used by the Nazis for identifying political prisoners such ascommunists,social democrats andsocialists. Many noted the number of ads –88 – which is associated withneo-Nazis and white supremacists.[74][75][76]
Progressive and conservative Jewish groups both expressed public disapproval for Trump's use of the symbol. "Bend the Arc: Jewish Action", a Progressive Jewish site, stated the campaign was using the symbol "to smear millions of protestors".[77][78][79][80][81][82]
Facebook removed the campaign ads with the graphic, saying that its use in this context violated their policy against "organized hate".[83][84][85][86][87][88] The Trump campaign's communications director wrote, "The red triangle is a common Antifa symbol used in an ad about Antifa." Historian Mark Bray, author ofAntifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook, disputed this, saying that the symbol is not associated with Antifa in the United States.[89]
Trump lost the 2020 election, but won the next, then in his second term Trump again tried to use terrorist designations very broadly, to target drug cartels in Central America.[90]
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Media related toWorkers' Soap Factory at Wikimedia Commons Media related toNew York City rally in support of the victims of the Christchurch mosque shootings in Civic Center, Manhattan at Wikimedia Commons Media related toProtest against an AfD meeting in the Zitadelle Spandau on 04-09-2018 at Wikimedia Commons[2/6] Demonstrators hold a banner during an anti-AfD protest ahead of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party meeting inBraunschweig, Germany, 30 November 2019
From the mid-1930s, political prisoners were forced to wear cloth badges with the triangle inNazi concentration camps. It was part of an extensivedehumanizing classification system. 'At first, the majority of political inmates wereGerman Social Democrats orCommunists and the red of the triangle referred to their party colors', Jens-Christian Wagner, the director of theBuchenwald andMittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation, told DW. Later, he explained, most were non-Germans from across the political spectrum who had opposedNational Socialism orNazi Germany'soccupation of their countries.
Jewish prisoners were identified by a yellow star. If they were imprisoned for another reason, a triangle of the appropriate colour was added to their badge. Therefore, if a Jewish prisoner was also considered a political opponent, a red triangle was sewn over the yellow triangle. Criminals were marked with green inverted triangles, political prisoners with red, "asocials" (includingRoma, nonconformists, vagrants, and other groups) with black or — in the case of Roma in some camps — brown triangles.Gay men and men accused of homosexuality were identified withpink triangles. AndJehovah's Witnesses were identified with purple ones … The two triangles forming the Jewish star badge would both be yellow unless the Jewish prisoner was included in one of the other prisoner categories. A Jewish political prisoner, for example, would be identified with a yellow triangle beneath a red triangle.
Political prisoners: social democrats, socialists, trade unionists, communists and anarchists
It wasn't only in Germany that the red triangle was an anti-fascist symbol. It was also an anti-fascist symbol in Britain. Anti-Fascist Action used the symbol in the 1980s with the red triangle piercing a swastika (right).
Trump campaign spokesman Tim Murtaugh said that some products are sold online that use the inverted red triangle in antifa imagery … The (Trump) campaign also said that the symbol is not in the Anti-Defamation League Hate Symbols Database … Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the Anti-Defamation League, pointed out that the database is not a collection of historical Nazi imagery. "It's a database of symbols commonly used by modern extremist groups and white supremacists in the United States", he said.
De voorbije weken haalden heel wat mensen een rode driehoek boven om hun afkeer voor extreemrechts te tonen. De rode driehoek is het symbool van het antifascisme sinds de nazi's hun politieke gevangenen in de kampen dwongen dit te dragen. Maar het symbool dateert van veel vroeger … Op 1 Mei van 1890 dragen linkse militanten een rode driehoek. De Gazette de Liège van 25 april 1890 (de krant van katholiek reactionair rechts): "1 Mei. Tienduizend affiches zullen worden uitgehangen in Parijs. Ze worden gedrukt op rood papier. Bovenaan staat: Feest van de Arbeid. Een delegatie zal de petitie van de syndicale kamers en van de socialistische fracties van Frankrijk op die 1 mei bij de Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers indienen. De delegatie vertrekt op de Place de la Concorde om 2 u in de namiddag. Het insigne dat de manifestanten zullen dragen is een lederen rode driehoek, waarbinnen deze inscriptie staat: '1 Mei, 8 uren arbeid'.1 De eerste hoek staat voor 8 uur werken, de tweede voor 8 uur ontspanning en de derde voor 8 uur rust.[In recent weeks, many people have pulled out a red triangle to show their dislike for the extreme right. The red triangle has been the symbol of anti-fascism since the Nazis forced their political prisoners in the camps to wear it. But the symbol dates back to much earlier ... On May 1 of 1890, left-wing militants wear a red triangle. The Gazette de Liège of April 25, 1890 (the newspaper of the Catholic reactionary right): "May 1. Ten thousand posters will be hung in Paris. They are printed on red paper. At the top it says: Labor Day. A delegation will submit the petition of the trade union chambers and the socialist groups of France to the Chamber of Deputies on May 1. The delegation leaves the Place de la Concorde at 2 o'clock in the afternoon. The insignia that the demonstrators will wear is a leather red triangle, within which is this inscription: '1 May, 8 hours of work'. 1 The first corner represents 8 hours of work, the second 8 hours of relaxation, and the third 8 hours of rest.]
The workers marched to demand the eight-hour day. They wore a red triangle in their buttonholes. Its three sides symbolise the division of time between work, leisure and sleep.
D'autres signes relèvent de la symbolique du rouge, dès la première célébration. A Paris, de petits triangles en cuir rouge – allusion aux trois huit – sont fabriqués en grande quantité pour que le manifestant puisse se distinguer de l'homme de la rue.[Other signs reflect the symbolism of red, from the very first celebration. In Paris, small red leather triangles – an allusion to the three eights – are produced in large quantities so that the demonstrator can distinguish himself from the man in the street.] – cited inTriangle rouge [fr] onFrench Wikipedia:Michel Rodriguez (1990).Le 1er mai.Gallimard. p. 158 « D’autres signes relèvent de la symbolique du rouge, dès la première célébration. A Paris, de petits triangles en cuir rouge – allusion aux trois huit – sont fabriqués en grande quantité pour que le manifestant puisse se distinguer de l’homme de la rue. ».ISBN 978-2-07-071860-3.
fr: Dix mille affiches vont être placardées à Paris. Elles seront imprimées sur papier rouge. Elles portent en tête: Fête du travail. La pétition des chambres syndicales et des groupes socialistes de France sera portée, le 1er mai, à la chambre des députés par une délégation. La délégation partira de la place de la Concorde à 2 heures de l'après-midi. L'insigne adopté par les manifestants est un petit triangle en cuir rouge dans lequel se trouve cette inscription: (citation: 1er mai, 8 heures de travail). On remarquera l'orthographe particulière du mot: heures. Cette orthographe et les caractères, qui ne sont certainement pas français, laissent facilement voir que la matrice a été fabriquée en Suisse ou en Allemagne. L'insigne se vendra 5 centimes.[Ten thousand posters will be put up in Paris. They will be printed on red paper. They will bear the heading: Labor Day. The petition from the trade union chambers and socialist groups of France will be taken to the Chamber of Deputies on May 1st by a delegation. The delegation will leave from the Place de la Concorde at 2:00 p.m. The badge adopted by the demonstrators is a small red leather triangle containing this inscription: "1er mai, 8 heures de travail". Note the particular spelling of the word: heures. This spelling and the characters, which are certainly not French, make it easy to see that the stamp was made in Switzerland or Germany. The badge will sell for 5 centimes.] – cited inTriangle rouge [fr] onFrench Wikipedia
It wasn't only in Germany that the red triangle was an anti-fascist symbol. It was also an anti-fascist symbol in Britain. Anti-Fascist Action used the symbol in the 1980s with the red triangle piercing a swastika (right). That particular image harked back to early Soviet propaganda. In 1918Nikolai Kolli … The avant-garde Russian Jewish artistEl Lissitsky echoed that sculpture in his famous "Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge" poster, some arguing that the slogan was chosen to counter the Russian pogromist slogan "Bej zhidov!" ("Beat the Jews").
In 1918 Nikolai Kolli … The avant-garde Russian Jewish artist El Lissitsky echoed that sculpture in his famous "Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge" poster, some arguing that the slogan was chosen to counter the Russian pogromist slogan "Bej zhidov!" ("Beat the Jews").
Lissitzky's choice of the words "Beat the Whites!" (Bei bielykh!) — supposedly on the advice ofIlya Ehrenburg — recalled the dreaded pogrom slogan "Beat the Jews!" (Bei zhidov!).
I have found no contemporary references to the slogan "Beat the Whites", but it strikingly recalls the traditional shout of the pogroms, "Bei zihidov," or "Beat the Jews"— though "beat" is too weak, and "Jews" too polite for an accurate translation of this phrase.
One of the most common symbols used by Antifa combines the red flag of the 1917 Russian Revolution and the black flag of 19th century anarchists.
The name Red Wedge was adopted from a lithographic soviet propaganda poster from 1919. The artwork, designed by constructivist artistEl Lissitzky, was titled Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge in reference to the Bolshevik faction defeating theanti-communistWhite Movement confederation during the Russian Civil War. The image of a red triangle penetrating a large white circle was also reinterpreted by Bragg and his musical comrades. However, despite the poster's communist ancestry, the 1985 movement insisted it was not a communist organisation.
The name Red Wedge was adopted from a lithographic soviet propaganda poster from 1919. The artwork, designed by constructivist artistEl Lissitzky, was titled Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge in reference to the Bolshevik faction defeating theanti-communistWhite Movement confederation during theRussian Civil War. The image of a red triangle penetrating a large white circle was also reinterpreted by Bragg and his musical comrades. However, despite the poster's communist ancestry, the 1985 movement insisted it was not a communist organisation.
The name Red Wedge was adopted from a lithographic soviet propaganda poster from 1919. The artwork, designed by constructivist artistEl Lissitzky, was titled Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge in reference to the Bolshevik faction defeating theanti-communistWhite Movement confederation during the Russian Civil War. The image of a red triangle penetrating a large white circle was also reinterpreted by Bragg and his musical comrades. However, despite the poster's communist ancestry, the 1985 movement insisted it was not a communist organisation.
Aunque en origen se asignó ese color exclusivamente a los comunistas, su uso se extendió a cualquier opositor político al régimen de Hitler, entre los que figuraban socialdemócratas, liberales, miembros de la Resistencia en general y strasseristas (corriente del Partido Nazi que no comulgaba con la política de Hitler) junto a anarquistas, sindicalistas, masones... Después de 1939, y con determinadas variaciones en cada campo, se comenzó a clasificar a los prisioneros en categorías de acuerdo con un sistema más amplio de marcas.[Although the color was originally assigned exclusively to communists, its use spread to any political opponent of Hitler's regime, including social democrats, liberals, members of the Resistance in general andStrasserists (a current within the Nazi Party that did not agree with Hitler's policies) along with anarchists, trade unionists, Freemasons... After 1939, and with certain variations in each camp, prisoners began to be classified into categories according to a broader system of markings.]
From the mid-1930s, political prisoners were forced to wear cloth badges with the triangle inNazi concentration camps. It was part of an extensivedehumanizing classification system. 'At first, the majority of political inmates wereGerman Social Democrats orCommunists and the red of the triangle referred to their party colors,' Jens-Christian Wagner, the director of the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation, told DW. Later, he explained, most were non-Germans from across the political spectrum who had opposedNational Socialism orNazi Germany'soccupation of their countries.
Though this group consisted only of Jewish girls, there was one girl who wore a red triangle on her number, identifying her as a Pole. She was Jewish, but had succeeded in maintaining her false identity as a non-Jew. This girl was either directly involved with the Polish Underground or was close enough to them to have gained their confidence. She used to supply us with current political news… She told us that the Polish Home Army [the largest Polish underground movement] was organizing a revolt in Warsaw…
The Munich Chief of Police, Himmler, has issued the following press announcement: On Wednesday the first concentration camp is to be opened in Dachau with an accommodation for 5000 persons. 'All Communists and—where necessary—Reichsbanner and Social Democratic functionaries who endanger state security are to be concentrated here, as in the long run it is not possible to keep individual functionaries in the state prisons without overburdening these prisons, and on the other hand these people cannot be released because attempts have shown that they persist in their efforts to agitate and organise as soon as they are released.'
The Commissar Order read: "The originators of barbaric, Asiatic methods of warfare are the political commissars... Therefore, when captured either in battle or offering resistance, they are to be shot on principle."
Among the first victims of persecution in Nazi Germany were political opponents—primarily Communists, Social Democrats, and trade unionists. … From 1938, Jews in the camps were identified by a yellow star sewn onto their prison uniforms, a perversion of the Jewish Star of David symbol. After 1939 and with some variation from camp to camp, the categories of prisoners were easily identified by a marking system combining a colored inverted triangle with lettering. The badges sewn onto prisoner uniforms enabled SS guards to identify the alleged grounds for incarceration. … A chart of prisoner markings used in German concentration camps. Dachau, Germany, ca. 1938–1942 … Beginning in 1937–1938, the SS created a system of marking prisoners in concentration camps. Sewn onto uniforms, the color-coded badges identified the reason for an individual's incarceration, with some variation among camps. The Nazis used this chart illustrating prisoner markings in the Dachau concentration camp.
Political prisoners were forced to wear red triangles. And those red triangles were common in the camps. TheAuschwitz Memorial inOświęcim, Poland, tweeted Thursday that 95% of prisoners at Auschwitz were accused of political crimes in August 1944. A letter could also be included inside the triangle to mark a person's nationality, the museum said.
Instituted by Poland in 1985, the Auschwitz Cross is a decoration awarded to honour survivors of Nazi German concentration camps. Szymon Kluger (1925–2000), the last Jewish resident of Oświęcim, was presented with the Auschwitz Cross on 27 September 1989. Szymon Kluger was one of the Jewish residents of Oświęcim who survived the Holocaust and eventually returned to their hometown
Nous restons fermement décidés à défendre, promouvoir et construire un monde solidaire, inconditionnellement antiraciste, antisexiste, et dénonçant toutes les formes de discriminations. 🔻 NON à la haine 🔻 NON à l'extrême droite 🔻 🔻𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐋𝐄 𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐄 𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐄 🔻 🔻www.trianglerouge.be🔻[We remain firmly committed to defending, promoting and building a world of solidarity, unconditionally anti-racist, anti-sexist, and denouncing all forms of discrimination. 🔻 NO to hatred 🔻 NO to the far right 🔻 🔻LET'S WEAR THE RED 🔻 TRIANGLE 🔻🔻 www.trianglerouge.be]
The most common symbol of Antifa, a loose collection of far-left activist groups, is a black and red double flag. Some European anti-fascist groups have used a red triangle in the past, but they appear to have done so to refer to a symbol of violence used originally against leftist political activists. Mark Bray, in The Antifascist Handbook, cites its use by a British anti-fascist group in the 1980s.
Multiple group action regarding Fascism in general and the 15th March 2016 New Zealand Mosque Terrorist Attack in particular.(Metadata: Uploaded on 17 March 2019, Taken on 16 March 2019)
Il était porté dans les camps nazis par les déportés politiques, comme l'étoile jaune pour les déportés juifs et le triangle rose pour les homosexuels. "C'est l'insigne des déportés communistes", a confirméJean-Luc Mélenchon dans une vidéo diffusée en 2011… "Ce sont des Belges qui me l'ont filé. On m'a comparé au Front national. J'ai été outré. Je me suis dit, qu'est-ce que je pourrais mettre ? Et quelqu'un, un Belge, un camarade, m'a dit 'écoute, je te donne le mien, c'est l'insigne des déportés communistes dans les camps de concentration nazis'. Et donc j'ai dit: 'maintenant, je le mets, je ne l'enlève plus' … On oublie ce moment d'histoire. Mais les premiers qui ont été déportés et massacrés, ce sont les communistes, les sociaux-démocrates et les homosexuels. Et après, ils ont ramassé les Tsiganes et les Juifs en paquets." Le pin's en forme de triangle rouge est répandu en Belgique, où il est resté un symbole de la résistance à l'extrême droite.[This triangle is loaded with symbols and Jean-Luc Mélenchon has been wearing it for several years now. It was worn in the Nazi camps by political deportees, like the yellow star for Jewish deportees and the pink triangle for homosexuals. "This is the insignia of communist deportees"Jean-Luc Mélenchon confirmed in a video released in 2011… "It was Belgians who gave it to me. I have been compared to the National Front. I was outraged. I said to myself, what could I wear? And someone, a Belgian, a comrade, said to me, 'Listen, I'll give you mine, it's the insignia of the communist deportees in the Nazi concentration camps'. And so I said: 'now I'm putting it on, I'm not taking it off' … We forget this moment in history. But the first to be deported and massacred were the communists, the social democrats, and the homosexuals. And then they picked up the Gypsies and Jews in bundles." The red triangle pin is widespread in Belgium, where it has remained a symbol of resistance to the far-right.][verification needed]
El nuevo vicepresidente segundo del Gobierno, Pablo Iglesias, y el nuevo ministro de Consumo, Alberto Garzón, han tomado posesión de sus cargos este lunes portando en la solapa de sus chaquetas un pin del triángulo rojo invertido, que simboliza la lucha antifascista... El color rojo fue elegido inicialmente por los nazis para identificar a los comunistas, pero luego fue usado también para demócratas, liberales, masones, anarquistas y posteriormente a antifascistas y otros opositores políticos. Con el fin de la guerra, el triángulo rojo invertido se convirtió en un símbolo de antifascismo y de memoria de los prisioneros políticos que murieron en los campos de concentración. Este triángulo rojo es ahora utilizado por la izquierda radical como un símbolo antifascista.[The new second vice president of the Government, Pablo Iglesias, and the new Minister of Consumer Affairs, Alberto Garzón, took office this Monday wearing on their jacket lapels an inverted red triangle pin , which symbolizes the anti-fascist struggle... The color red was initially chosen by the Nazis to identify communists, but it was later also used for democrats, liberals, Freemasons, anarchists, and subsequently for anti-fascists and other political opponents. With the end of the war, the inverted red triangle became a symbol of anti-fascism and a memorial to the political prisoners who died in concentration camps. This red triangle is now used by the radical left as an anti-fascist symbol.]
The President of the United States is campaigning for reelection using a Nazi concentration camp symbol. Nazis used the red triangle to mark political prisoners and people who rescued Jews. Trump & the RNC are using it to smear millions of protestors
[2/6] Demonstrators hold a banner during an anti-AfD protest ahead of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party meeting inBraunschweig, Germany, 30 November 2019
People's History of Australia is a podcast and blog looking at Australian history from the perspective of ordinary people fighting together for a better life. While most of the history we get taught focuses on the deeds of the great and powerful, we want to turn this upside down, and amplify those moments when ordinary people across Australia have made history – by coming together, overcoming the barriers and divisions that keep us isolated and atomised, and struggling collectively for justice.(Note: the archived page from 2022-03-04 shows the logo in the top left corner, and the quote is at the bottom of the page.)
A prominent Iranian newspaper says it is going to hold a competition for cartoons on the Holocaust to test whether the West will apply the principle of freedom of expression to the Nazi genocide against Jews as it did to the caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad. Hamshahri, which is among the top five of Iran's mass circulation papers, made clear the contest is a reaction to European newspapers' publication of Danish cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad, which have led to demonstrations, boycotts and attacks on European embassies across the Islamic world.
Iran's competition was launched in response to the publication in Europe of caricatures of the Prophet Mohammed.
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